PURPOSE: This study is to identify the types of role awareness of home health care specialists working at medical institutions, to understand their role awareness correctly by grasping the quality of each type, and to provide useful help in the education of home health care specialists. METHOD: Q-methodology is used to objectify role awareness of medical institution specialists who may recognize situations differently according to their individual experience and comprehension based on the view of behavior. Q-classification was carried out on 30 home health care specialists working at medical institutions using 30 selected questions. Collected data were examined through factor analysis using QUANL PC program. RESULTS: Three different types of role awareness of home health care specialists working at medical institutions were identified. Type I is "educational-function-centered", Type II "patient-centered" and Type III "professional-service-centered". CONCLUSION: Regardless of these types, home health care specialists commonly had a high pride as a specialist and a sense of mission regarding themselves as important persons responsible for patients' health.
Comprehension ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Education ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Missions and Missionaries ; Specialization*

No abstract available.
Choriocarcinoma* ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy*

BACKGROUND: It is important to avoid the direct contact with water of detergents as possible for the treatment and prevention of hand eczema. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of skin protector, Marly skin on housewifes eczema, METHODS: The patients with hand eczema apply skin protector, Maly skin, four times a day on their both hands. They are evaluated with the scores of subjective symptor is(itch, dryness, smarting) and objective signs(erythema, scaling, fissures), and skin replica which are taken from the specified site are analysed by using an image analyser and, scanning electron micrascipe. RESULTS: 4 weeks after application of skin protector, there are statstically significant decrease of total clinical symptom scores. Scanning electron microscopic findings of the skin replicas show marked changes between the beginning and the end of the study. On quantive image analysis of the skin replicas, the length of fissure is a little decreased and the depth of rrows is slightly increased than before application of skin protector, but these are not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Skin protector, Marly skin, has a protective effect on the development of hand eczema.
Detergents ; Eczema* ; Hand ; Humans ; Mali ; Skin

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

OBJECTIVES: This study was for analyzing the research about international marriage immigrant women and a trial to find the right direction for future research. METHODS: Sixty articles published from June, 2004 to June, 2009 were reviewed and analyzed according to the general characteristics, major of author, and theme of health domains. RESULTS: Most of them were master's thesis(71.7%) and journals(21.7%) and doctoral dissertation(6.7%) have been published mostly after thesis. Among 83.3% for quantitative research, descriptive(33.3%) and descriptive correlation(41.7%) methods were the most used and there were some qualitative researches(16.7%). The most frequently used data gathering method was questionnaire(81.7%) and the next was interview(16.7%). The major rates of the author were 61.7% for social welfare and 2.1% for nursing. The investigated variables in social health domain were adaptation(28.3%), and communication(1.7%). In psychological health domain, marriage satisfaction(16.7%), life satisfaction(11.7%), and depression(10.0%) were most researched. Utilization of medical center(5.0%) and health promotion behavior(1.7%) were investigated in physical health domain. CONCLUSIONS: Above this, most articles were researched about the adaptation of international marriage immigrant women. But the life in foreign countries can cause physical and psychosocial unhealthy conditions, so many-sided health related researches are supposed to be conducted for adaptation and prevention health problems of international marriage immigrant women.
Emigrants and Immigrants ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Marriage ; Social Welfare

Recent studies(Rorke et al., 1968: Moir 1970: Baraka, 1970: Fox and Houle, 1971) have demonstrated that the maternal arterial oxygen tension during Cesarean section is an important determinant of fetal oxygenation and consequently of the clinical condition of the infant at birth for oxygen is transferred by simple diffusion across the placenta to the fetus. Fetal blood oxygen tension is affected by the arteiral oxygen tension and concentration of the mother, and also is affected by uterine blood flow(Fox and Houle, 1971). The enlarged uterus pushes the diaphragm upwards. This results in a change in position of the heart which is lifted upwards, shifted to the left and anteriorly, and a change in the thoracic cage, and heart rate is increased about 10~12 beats above normal. There is a significant increase in cardiac output which reaches a peak 30~50% above normal until term, and in respiratory rate, so that it follows that oxygen consumption increases but its direct cause is the metabolic need of the uterus, placenta and fetus(Atkinson et al., 1977). As well as increased oxygen consumption in parturients hypoxia may occur in situations of difficult intubation, laryngoscopy for intubation, extubation and during endotracheal suctioning. Because of the markedly decreased oxygen tension, these procedures are more dangerous than for non-parturients. Therefore sufficient oxygenation is recommanded(Archer and Marx, 1974). We selected at random 78 adult female patients who had received Cesarean section and other surgical procedures under general anesthesia with intubation at Severance Hospital from September to November, 1980. They were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was ventilated with 100% oxygen for 5 minutes followed by 1 minute of apnea. Group 2 was ventilated with 50% oxygen for 5 minutes followed by 1 minute of apnea. Group 3 was ventilated with 50% oxygen for 5 minutes followed by 1 minute of apnea with endotracheal suction. We analysed the decrease in oxygen tension between parturients and onoparturients. The results were as follows: 1) During apnes, the decreases in arterial blood oxygen tension were significantly greater (p<0.05) in parturients than in non-parturients in the 100% oxygen group. 2) During apnea, the decreases in arterial blood oxygen tension were significantly greater(p<0.05) in parturients than in non-parturients in the 50% oxygen group. 3) During apnea, the decreases in oxygen tension were significantly greater(p<0.05) in paturients than in non-paturients in the 50% oxygen and endotracheal suction group. These results indicate the importance of preoxygenation prior to endotracheal intubation and endotracheal suction and also of prompt reoxygenation following endotracheal intubation, extubation and endotracheal suction.
Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Anoxia ; Apnea* ; Cardiac Output ; Cesarean Section ; Diaphragm ; Diffusion ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Fetus ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infant ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngoscopy ; Mothers ; Oxygen Consumption ; Oxygen* ; Parturition ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Rate ; Suction ; Uterus

PURPOSE: The main purpose of this study was to compare the level of satisfaction of patients with nursing care received, and of nurses with nursing care provided to their patients. Another purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between job satisfaction by the nurses and satisfaction with nursing care they provide. METHOD: A self-report questionnaire developed by Yoo & Hong (1999) was used to measure patient and nurse satisfaction. The participants were 147 patients and 133 nurses and data were collected from October 23 to October 30, 2002. Data analysis was done using SPSS WIN 11.0. RESULT: The average score for patient satisfaction was 2.47 (maximum score 5.0) and for nurses, 2.20. This difference was statistically significant. The patients gave high scores on care related personal hygiene, but they gave low scores for critical nursing areas such as following appropriate procedure for administering medications. No significant relationship was found between satisfaction with their nursing care by the nurses and satisfaction with the job. CONCLUSION: Even though the patient scores were significantly higher than nurses', the overall average score was very low and critical nursing actions received the lowest scores. It is necessary to identify areas in need of improvement and develop continuing education programs for nurses.
Education, Continuing ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Job Satisfaction ; Nursing ; Nursing Care ; Patient Satisfaction* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic

The purpose of this study was to compare smoking control strategies between Korea and the United States. Korea and other developing countries may learn from the experience of the United States in dealing with the growing epidemic of cigarettes. In particular, smoking control objectives, structures, laws and regulations, funds, programs and activities, research, and surveillance systems were compared. The comparison was conducted at the federal, states/provincial, and county levels of the two countries. The data were collected through various governmental websites, contact with people directly, and a literature review. Based on the comparison, seven recommendations for smoking control strategies were made primarily for Korea.
Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Federal Government ; Financing, Government/organization & administration ; Government Programs/*organization & administration ; Government Regulation ; Health Education/organization & administration ; Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence ; Health Priorities/organization & administration ; Health Promotion/*organization & administration ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Local Government ; Population Surveillance ; *Public Health Practice/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Support as Topic/organization & administration ; Smoking/epidemiology/*legislation & jurisprudence/*prevention & control ; Smoking Cessation/legislation & jurisprudence/methods ; State Government ; United States/epidemiology

BACKGORUND: infusion of propofol by a target-controlled infusion (TCi) system is effective in achieving conscious sedation for anxious patients presenting for dental surgery. However, there is no report of conscious sedation for mandibular fracture patients using propofol TCi. The objective of this study was to evaluate the appropriation of a conscious sedation using propofol for mandibular fracture patients. METHODS: Twenty patients with a mandibular fracture undergoing an open reduction and miniplate insertion operation were analyzed. We anesthetized patients using a propofol infusion by a TCi system (Diprifusor :Master TCi:Pilot Anesthesia is, France) with local anesthesia using lidocaine. The BiS score was evaluated continually during surgery using a microcomputer (A-2000 BiS monitor , Aspect Medical System, USA). We set the infusion machine at a target concentration 2mug/ml, and adjusted the propofol concentration for a BiS score range of 80-85. infusion rate, total dosage, duration of induction, recall of operative procedure and cooperation scores were checked. BiS, heart rate, noninvasive arterial blood pressure, and SpO2 were recorded during the operation. RESULTS: The mean BiS score was 82.95, the mean target concentration of propofol was 2.645mug/ml, the mean infusion rate was 136.3mug/kg/min, and the mean cooperation score was 2.5, the patients were cooperative. The score of amnesia was 0.2, almost patients did not recall the intraoperative event. The mean duration of stay in the recovery room was 22.2 minutes, and the most frequent side effect was pain on injecion of propofol. CONCLUSiONS: Conscious sedation with propofol TCi is an effective anesthesia method substitute for general anesthesia with quick emergence, few side effects, and safety for mandibular fracture patients.
Amnesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Local ; Arterial Pressure ; Conscious Sedation* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Mandibular Fractures* ; Microcomputers ; Propofol* ; Recovery Room ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

This study was performed to evaluate the semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire used to obtain information about. dietary patterns of adults in a rural county, Yang-pyeung Gun. The study population was 1311 adults aged 17~85 years. And well-trained interviewers interviewed subjects in 1990, 1992, 1993. The results are as follows. 1) Nutrients intake calculated from each questionnaire showed significant difference, because the number of question was not same(fifty questions in 1990, eighty questions in 1992, 1993). 2) Estimated nutrients intake from separate food items was significantly different when food items are combined in one question. 3) The agreement of nutrients intake level except vit C were high when the subjects are cross-classified by their ranks on the nutrients intake level from items in both questionnaires and on the nutrient intake level from items in each questionnaire. 4) And analysing this study data by multiple stepwise regression, we selected twenty seven food items whic could explained over 85% of inter-individual variation of nutrients(energy, carbohydrate, fat, protein, vit A, vit B1, vit B2, vit C, Ca). From above results, we suggested that it is neccessary to standardize questionnaire and perform validity studies.
Adult ; Humans ; Korea* ; Rural Population* ; Surveys and Questionnaires