PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to translate the Self-Reflection and Insight Scale (SRIS) into Korean and test its validity and reliability. METHODS: Participants were 340 nursing students who were recruited from 5 nursing colleges in Korea. Data were collected from November 21 to December 20, 2016 and analyzed using the IBM Statistics SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 23.0 programs. Exploratory factor analysis, Confirmatory factor analysis, and concurrent validity analysis were performed. RESULTS: For the Korean-SRIS (K-SRIS) 4 items were deleted from the original SRIS. The final scale consisted of 16 items which were sorted into- the 2 factors: self-reflection (11 items), insight (5 items). The cumulative percent of variance was 50.91%. The statistically significant correlation between K-SRIS scores and the Reflection in Learning Scale (RLS) support the concurrent validity of the K-SRIS. The reliability of the scale, Cronbach's α was .83. CONCLUSION: The finding indicate that the K-SRIS has validity and reliability. Therefore it can be used for measuring and developing reflection ability in nursing students.
Humans ; Korea ; Learning ; Nursing ; Reproducibility of Results ; Students, Nursing

The aim of this study is to determine whether or not hydrosalpinx affects pregnancy rate and implantation rate adversely in human IVF-ET program. 110 infertile couples with tubal factor undertaken IVF-ET treatment from May 1995 through April 1996 were included. Patients with tubal factor combined with other factors were excluded from this study. The hydrosalpinx group included 35 patients who had unilateral or bilateral hydrosapinx. Fifty four patients with proximal tubal occlusion without hydrosalpinx served as a control. The corrected hydrosalpinx group included 21 patients hydrosalpinx served as a control The corrected hydrosalpinx group included 21 patients who had undertaken either salpingectomy(n=5) or salpingoneostomy(n=16) before IVF-ET cycle. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation was performed using GnRH agonist/human menopausal gonadotropin or follicular stimulation hormone(FSG). Thirty four hours after intramuscular injection of 10,000 IU human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG), trasvaginal sonography-guided oocyte retrieval was done, The cleaved embryos were transferred to the uterus on day two or three after fertilization. There was no significant difference in age(mean +/- SEM; 32.9 +/- 0.4, 32.7 +/- 0.6, 31.4 +/- 0.6), basal FSH level(7.1 +/- 0.3, 7.2 +/- 0 0.3, 7.0 +/- 0.4 mIU/ml) and estradiol on the day of hCG injection(2674 +/- 219, 3239 +/- 304, 3376 +/- 360 pg/ml) among the control, hydrosalpinix and corrected hydrosalpinx group, respectively(p > 0.05). The number of trasferred embryos(5.1 +/- 0.3, 5.6 +/- 0.3 and 5.4 +/- 0.6) were similar between the groups. The clinical pregnancy rate of 8.3% in hydrosalpingeal group was significantly lower than 25.4% of control group (p=0.057). However, in corrected hydrosalpinx group, pregnancy rate of 27.3% compared well with the control group. The implantation rate showed a similar pattern with pregnancy rate, i.e., hydrosalpingeal group had the lowest implantation rate of 2.0%, which was significantly lower than 11.6% of control group. In the corrected hydrosalpinx group, implantation rate(9.3%) recovered as that of the control group. The ectopic pregnancy rate(11.1%) of the hydrosalpingeal group was higher than that of the control group(1.7%) and was intermediate(4.5%) in corrected hydrosalpinx group(p > 0.05). In conclusion, these data show that hydrosalpinx affects the pregnancy rate adversely in IVF-ET cycyle. Thus, it is suggested that surgical correction of the hydrosalpinx before the initiation of IVF-ET cycle may be beneficial in increasing the pregnancy rate as well as decreasing the ectopic pregnancy.
Chorion ; Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Estradiol ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Fertilization ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Pregnancy Rate* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Sterilization, Tubal ; Uterus

Malignant tumors of the small bowel are uncommon by comparison with those in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Adenocarcinomas account for about half of the malignant tumors of the small intestine, which account for 1% to 2% of the gastrointestinal neoplasma. Small-bowel tumors are often asymptomatic and without clinical significance, and later became symptomatic and are eventually fatal. Patient's with regional enteritis, especially those who have had segments of the intestine surgically by passed, have an increased incidence of small-bowel cancer. The author experienced a case of an adenocarcinoma at the jejunostomy site (Braun anastomosis) which was treated by using a B II type subtotal gastrectomy for stomach cancer. That case of a jejunostomy site adenocarcinoma is reported and the literature on small-bowel malignancy is reviewed.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Crohn Disease ; Gastrectomy ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Incidence ; Intestine, Small ; Intestines ; Jejunostomy ; Stomach Neoplasms

In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of the fin of Thunnus Thynnus (TT ). TT was extracted with methanol (TTM ), and then further fractionated into four subfractions by using solvent partition method, affording hexane (TTMH ), methanol (TTMM ), butanol (TTMB )and aquous (TTMA )soluble fractions. We determined the cyto-toxicity of these four fractions in four kind of cancer cell lines, such as HepG2, MCF-7, B16-F10 and HT29 by MTT assay. The TTMM showed the strongest cytotoxic effect at the concentration of 150 microgram/mL, displaying 95% on the HepG2 cell lines and 82% on MCF-7 cell line. The morphological changes such as membrane shirinking and blebbing of cells were also observed by TTMM treatment in HT29 cell. In addition, we observed that quinone reductase (QR ) activity was elevated by only TTMM and TTMH treatments in HepG2 cell. QR activity was increased to around 2.0 and 1.8 times in TTMM and TTMH treated HepG2 cell at 100 microgram/mL, respectively, compared to that in control. Although further studies are needed, the present work could suggest that the fin of TT has a potential to be usable as a chemo-preventive agent against cancer.
Blister ; Cell Line ; Hep G2 Cells ; HT29 Cells ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Membranes ; Methanol ; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)*

In order to investigate pathogenic genes and genetic relationships of Y. pseudotuberculosis strains, We isolated 9 strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis from 380 spring water sites in Seoul from 2000 to 2003. All isolates were distributed to the northeast area in Seoul. The isloates were analyzed for chromosomal virulence gene (inv) and plasmid-borne genes (yadA and lcrF) using PCR to assume pathogenicity. As a result, all isolates were positive for the inv gene, but only five isolates (55.6%) were positive for the yadA and lcrF genes. RAPD and PCR-ribotyping were tested and all isolates were grouped with 90% similarity. RAPD revealed 4 clusters and PCR-ribotyping revealed 2 clusters. The result of this experiments confirmed the view that RAPD had better powerful discrimination than PCR-ribotyping and RAPD typing was effective to distinguish between various strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis from spring water.
Discrimination (Psychology) ; Molecular Typing* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seoul* ; Virulence ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis* ; Yersinia*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to suggest direction and strategy of safety education proper to elementary school children. METHOD: The subject of this survey consisted of 313 3rd-5th grade from 4 elementary schools in Kyungi-Do and Kwangwon-Do. Data were collected from March to May, 2002 using a questionnaire about "safety education needs", "knowledge about injury prevention", "attitude about injury prevention. RESULT: 1. The degree of safety education needs showed averaged 77.50 on the basis of 100 points. 2. The degree of knowledge and attitude about injury prevention showed averaged 72.81 and 81.74 seperately on the basis of 100 points. 3. With the respect to the demographic characteristics, there were stastically significant differences in safety education need according to children's grade(F=8.692, p=.003), sex(t=-2.059, p=.040), family type(t=-2.229, p=.027) and in knowledge & attitude about injury prevention, there statiscally significant difference according to experience of injury prevention education(t=3.058, p=.003; t=5.308, p=.000) each. 4. The level of safety education needs is correlated at signficant level with knowledge and attitude about injury prevention of childrens(r=.166, p=.048; r=.265, p=.001) and between knowledge and attitude about injury prevention, there was significant correlation (r=.427, p=.000). CONCLUSION: From this results, nurses can plan safety education program appropriate to children's needs, level of knowledge and attitude about injury prevention.
Child* ; Education* ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of aromatase inhibitor (AI) for ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with thin endometrium, hyper-responsiveness after clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 43 PCOS patients (50 cycles) with ovulatory dysfunction between March 2004 and September 2004. AI group (total 36 cycles) included the patients 1) with thin endometrium below 6 mm on hCG day after CC (n=17), 2) with more than 5 ovulatory follicles after 50mg of CC (n=4), 3) who do not want multiple pregnancy (n=14). Patients were treated with Letrozole 2.5mg for days 3 to 7 of the menstrual cycle. CC group (total 14 cycles) were treated with CC 50~100 mg. RESULTS: In PCOS patients, ovulation was occurred 97.2% after AI use. Between AI group and CC group, there was no significant difference in the mean age, duration of infertility, interval of menstruation, basal FSH, prior treatment cycles, and the day of hCG administration. But, the number of mature follicles (> or =15 mm) was lower in the AI group (1.08+/-0.45 vs. 1.64+/-0.75) (p=0.018), and the thickness of endometrium (mm) was significantly thicker in the AI group (10.35+/-1.74 vs. 9.23+/-1.61) (p=0.044), and E2 (pg/ml) concentration on hCG day was lower in the AI group (116.9+/-75.8 vs. 479.5+/-300.8) (p=0.001). Among the AI group, patients with prior thin endometrium (below 6 mm) during CC treatment showed 10.6+/-1.6 mm in the endometrial thickness and 106.6+/-66.8 pg/ml in E2 concentration. Patients with more than 5 ovulatory follicles after CC showed decreased follicle number (1.25+/-0.5) compared to prior CC cycle. CONCLUSIONS: In PCOS patients, AI group showed significantly thicker endometrium, lesser number of mature follicles, and lower E2 concentration on hCG day than CC group. AI might be useful alternative treatment for ovulation induction in PCOS patients with thin endometrium and hyper-responsiveness after CC treatment.
Aromatase* ; Clomiphene* ; Endometrium ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility ; Menstrual Cycle ; Menstruation ; Ovulation ; Ovulation Induction ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Prospective Studies

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a peer helper training program on existential spiritual well-being, peer relationship, and depression for students attending a specialized girls vocational high school. METHODS: The participants were forty-two students attending a specialized girls vocational high school in D city. Data were collected form october 23 to December 24, 2013. To test the effects of the peer helper training program, the participants were divided into two mached groups, an experimental group (21) and a control group (21). Data were analyzed using chi2-test, Fisher exact probability test, and t-test with the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. RESULTS: After attending the peer helper training program, significant differences between the experimental group and the control group were found for existential spiritual well-being (t=3.35, p=.002) and peer relationship (t=2.29, p=.028). However, there was no significant differences in depression between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the peer helper training program enhances existential spiritual well-being and peer relationship for students attending a specialized girls vocational high school. Therefore, this program is a good strategy that teachers and community mental health nurses can use to increase existential spiritual well-being and peer relationship of these high school girls.
Depression* ; Education* ; Female* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Peer Group ; Spirituality ; Vocational Education

PURPOSE: The study is designed to develop an educational CD-Program for prevention and control of obesity among primary school students. METHOD: The study is conducted from June 15, 2000 to April 15, 2002. Based on the course of program development suggested by Dick and Cray (1990), the study followed the planning, development, education and evaluation of a program. RESULT: The developed CD-Program consists 2 parts each for lower and higher grades of primary school students. The introduction part of the first trial for lower grade students uses quiz to encourage their motivations, the body proceeds with motion pictures and animations to trigger their interests. The introduction part of the second trial for the lower grades consists of remembering the exhibition lecture. The first trial for higher grades of primary school students builds on the contents of the low grades. Its body part, how to determine obesity and calculate ones own obesity, puts ones own weight and height in by the mouse. For the second trial of the higher grades, the body consists of life-style, diet, and regiments. CONCLUSION: The merits of this CD-Program are that to be possible an interaction between teachers and students.

Traditionally umbilical vein has been used for exchange transfusion in neonates. This method is relatively safe and effective but with a few complications. So via percutaneous femoral vein catheters we tried exchange transfusions in 30 patients with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia admitted to GNUH from September 1990 to August 1992. Femoral vein catheterization succeeded in 2~3 trials, In all cases high bilirubin level was lowered by half at the end of exchange transfusion. Transient microscopic hematuria by bladder puncture occurred in one neonate. Exchange transfusion via femoral vein catheter is a sage, easy and effective method.
Bilirubin ; Catheterization* ; Catheters* ; Femoral Vein* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal ; Infant, Newborn* ; Punctures ; Umbilical Veins* ; Urinary Bladder