BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Inflammation is associated with various types of acute and chronic alcohol liver diseases. In this study, we examined whether umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin, UF) ameliorates chronic alcohol-induced liver damage by modulating inflammatory response and the antioxidant system. METHODS: Rats were fed a Liber-Decarli liquid diet containing 5% alcohol with or without UF (0.05 g/L) for 8 weeks, while normal rats received an isocaloric carbohydrate liquid diet. RESULTS: Chronic alcohol intake significantly increased serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 levels and decreased interleukin 10 level; however, UF supplementation reversed the cytokines related to liver damage. UF significantly suppressed hepatic lipopolysaccharide binding protein, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa B, and TNF-alpha gene expression increases in response to chronic alcohol intake. Masson's trichrome staining revealed that UF improved mild hepatic fibrosis caused by alcohol, and UF also significantly increased the mRNA expressions and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in liver, and thus, decreased lipid peroxide and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide levels. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicate that UF protects against alcohol-induced liver damage by inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway and activating the antioxidant system.
Animals ; Antioxidants* ; Carrier Proteins ; Catalase ; Cytokines ; Diet ; Fibrosis ; Gene Expression ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-6 ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; NF-kappa B ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

PURPOSE: To evaluate the factors influencing the refractive changes and to predict the ideal intraocular lens powers in children who had undergone cataract surgery. METHODS: The medical records of the pediatric patients with aphakia or pseudophakia who were followed for more than 5 years postoperatively were reviewed retrospectively. They were grouped according to the age at surgery and were followed-up every six months postoperatively. The myopic changes and the factors associated with these changes among the groups were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: The follow-up time was 5 years. In the age-matched subset of patients, no statistically significant difference in the refractive change were found between the aphakic and pseudophakic eyes as well as between the unilateral and bilateral cataracts. Children operated on at 1 month to 1 year of age had a mean myopic shift of -5.58D (range -1.88 to -12.85) and children operated on at 1 to 3 years of age had a shift of -4.25D (range -1.78 to -8.71). The mean myopic shift decreased as the age at operation increased. Children operated on at 10 to 15 years of age had a shift of -1.46D (range 0 to -5.28). CONCLUSIONS: During the first 5 years after surgery, no statistically significant difference in refractive change was observed between the aphakic eyes and pseudophakic eyes as well as between the unilateral and bilateral cataracts. The increasing difficulty in deciding the ideal IOL-power is expected in young children as the refractive change becomes more unpredictable when surgery is performed on younger patients.
Aphakia ; Cataract* ; Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Medical Records ; Pseudophakia ; Retrospective Studies

Respiratory infections, which are caused by airborne pathogens, are the most common disease of all ages worldwide. This study was conducted to characterize the airborne respiratory pathogens in the public facilities in Busan, South Korea. A total of 260 public facilities were investigated in 2017, 52 seasonal indoor air from 2 hospitals and 208 indoor air samples from 208 randomly selected daycare centers. Among respiratory pathogen, 8 viral pathogens including human adenovirus (HAdV), human bocavirus (HBoV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV) and influenza virus (IFV), and 3 bacterial pathogens including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, and Chlamydophila pneumoniae, were investigated by multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Pathogens were detected in 9 cases (3.4%). Among 9 positive samples, 6 (2.3%) cases were positive for HBoV and 3 (1.2%) cases were positive for IFV. All the positive cases were detected in daycare centers. Additionally, the concentration of HBoV was determined. In HBoV-positive samples, the cycle threshold (Ct) values of HBoV were 29.73~36.84, which are corresponding to the viral concentration of 4.91 × 10⁰ ~ 9.57 × 10² copies/ml. Serotype distribution of isolated HBoV was analyzed by sequencing of VP1/VP2 gene. All of the HBoV isolates were identified as HBoV type 1 with a high similarity among the isolates (>97%). No bacterial pathogen was identified in indoor air samples. Although virus concentration was not high in public facilities (daycare center), the presence of respiratory viral pathogens has been identified. Effective ventilation and air purification strategies are needed to reduce the indoor concentration of respiratory pathogens. A long-term and ongoing surveillance plan for respiratory pathogen management should be established.
Adenoviruses, Human ; Bordetella pertussis ; Busan ; Chlamydial Pneumonia ; Chlamydophila pneumoniae ; Coronavirus ; Human bocavirus ; Humans ; Korea ; Metapneumovirus ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Paramyxoviridae Infections ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Public Facilities* ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Reverse Transcription ; Rhinovirus ; Seasons ; Serogroup ; Ventilation

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is common cause of acute respiratory infection in infants and young children. Group life in postpartum care centers is easily exposed to infectious diseases in neonates and puerperds immediately after giving birth, and the harm caused by exposure to them is much greater. In particular, respiratory diseases are highly infectious and infections occur in a short period of time. among them, RSV infections are very serious in children under 5 years of age, leading to death. This paper studied an infection of RSV in outbreaks at postpartum care center in Busan. In 4 postpartum care centers, a total of 877 people (390 neonates, 386 puerperds, 106 others) were exposed to RSV outbreak. Of these, there were 73 RSV-positive patients; most of them had cough and runny nose and no fever. We were collected from neonates and puerperds with acute respiratory tract a total of 146 samples (throat swabs). In 51 samples, RSV (43 cases), human rhinovirus (6 cases), human coronavirus NL63 (1 case), and human coronavirus 229E (1 case) were found to be positive and the rest were negative. All 43 RSV positive samples were identified as RSV B. Sequence analysis of the detected strains was performed to confirm the molecular genetic information of RSV. Out of 43 RSV positive samples, 38 samples were successfully sequenced using the G gene, resulting in all of the same genotype BA9. This study provides a better understanding of RSV prevalence patterns and genetic characteristics. It also contributes to the accumulation of epidemiological data and the development of public health and hygiene.

PURPOSE: This study aimed was done to analyze recent trends in nursing research published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing by focusing on the content of nursing interventions and their level of evidence. METHODS: A total of 209 studies published between 2007 and 2008 were reviewed using analysis criteria developed by the researchers. RESULTS: The number of quantitative studies was greater than that of qualitative studies. There was a slight increase in the number of qualitative studies and studies including elderly populations, which reflects the recent population trend in Korea. More randomized controlled trials with a low risk of bias were needed to support more evidence-based nursing practice. Concerning the low rate of ethical consideration, stricter application of research ethics needs to be encouraged. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest the recent trends in nursing research and the direction of nursing research and review in the Journal.
Bibliometrics ; Humans ; Nursing Research/*trends ; *Periodicals as Topic ; Qualitative Research ; Republic of Korea

The purpose of this study was to verify the validity of the Patient Severity Classification Tool by examining the correlations between the APACHE III and the Patient Severity Classification Tool and to propose admission criteria to the ICU. The instruments used for this study were the APACHE III developed by Knaus and thePatient Severity Classification Tool developed by Korean Clinical Nurses Association. Data was collected from the 156 Medical ICU patients during their first 24 hours of admission at the Seoul National University Hospital by three trained Medical ICU nurses from April 20 to August 31 1999. Data were analyzed using the frequency, X2, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Spearman rho. There was statistically significant correlations between the scores of the APACHE III and the Patient Severity Classification Tool. Mortality rate was increased as patients classification of severity in both the APACHE III and the Patient Severity Classification Tool scored higher. The Patient Severity Classification Tool was proved to be a valid and reliable tool, and a useful tool as one of the severity predicting factors, ICU admission criteria, information sharing between ICUs, quality evaluations of ICUs, and ICU nurse staffing. 1) This paper was awarded the first prize at the Seoul National Hospital Nursing Department Research Contest.
APACHE* ; Awards and Prizes ; Classification* ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Mortality ; Nursing ; Seoul

Sunitinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor with anti-angiogenic activity that is used for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma and advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors after failure on imatinib. The most common adverse effects of sunitinib are fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, stomatitis, hypertension, hand-foot syndrome, and cytopenia. Sunitinib was recently reported to be associatedwith reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS). Here, we report the case of a 76-year-old woman with sunitinib- induced RPLS that developed after rifampin discontinuation.
Aged ; Benzamides ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Diarrhea ; Fatigue ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; Hand-Foot Syndrome ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Indoles ; Nausea ; Piperazines ; Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Pyrimidines ; Pyrroles ; Rifampin ; Stomatitis ; Imatinib Mesylate

Sunitinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor with anti-angiogenic activity that is used for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma and advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors after failure on imatinib. The most common adverse effects of sunitinib are fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, stomatitis, hypertension, hand-foot syndrome, and cytopenia. Sunitinib was recently reported to be associatedwith reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS). Here, we report the case of a 76-year-old woman with sunitinib- induced RPLS that developed after rifampin discontinuation.
Aged ; Benzamides ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Diarrhea ; Fatigue ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; Hand-Foot Syndrome ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Indoles ; Nausea ; Piperazines ; Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Pyrimidines ; Pyrroles ; Rifampin ; Stomatitis ; Imatinib Mesylate

PURPOSE: The effectiveness of teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in schools is known to be higher among older students. However, several easier programs have been successful even for primary school children. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal target age for teaching CPR in schools. METHODS: Six classes from the fifth to the tenth grade were randomly selected. A video-based self-instructional program was presented by health teachers in each school using the Korean version of CPR Anytime(TM) during normal school hours. Questionnaires were given after training to determine their degree of confidence in performing CPR, their willingness to perform CPR on a family, a friend, and a stranger, and at what age the children wanted to learn CPR. Skill tests were administered for several volunteer students. One week after the training, the students were asked to what extent they had shared their knowledge of CPR technique with other people. RESULTS: Two hundred one students were given the CPR instruction. The confidence in performing CPR was lowest among seventh grade children. The willingness expressed by the students to perform CPR on a family member, a friend, and a stranger were 99.5%, 95.7% and 58.8%, respectively, with boys in the tenth grade most willing to perform CPR on a stranger. The students responded that it is most suitable to learn CPR at grade 6.4+/-2.4. The highest average skill score of 9.5/11 was for sixth grade. The average distribution rate was 1.23, and again this was highest in sixth grade at 3.72. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the optimal target school age for CPR education using video-based self instruction may be at approximately the sixth grade.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Child ; Education* ; Friends ; Humans ; Programmed Instruction as Topic* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Volunteers

OBJECTiVE We investigate the effects of multiple attempts of embryo transfer because of retained embryos in the catheter and of contaminated mucus on the transferred catheter. MATERiALS AND METHODS: We respectively analysed data between November 1998 and August 2002 from 305 patients of 369 cycles who underwent iVF-ET. Of these patients, 47 patients of 50 cycles (Group 2) were required multiple trial of embryo transfer. They were compared with an age-matched control groups (Group 1) with female factor infertility. Pearson's c2 and Fisher's tests were used to compare proportions between discrete variables. Non-categorical data were compared using t-test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Embryos were significantly more likely to be retained when catheter was contaminated with mucus (Group 1: 22.4%; Group 2: 44.0%). The clinical pregnancy rates, however, for the contaminated mucus or not, were 46.8%, 43.5% respectively. There was no significant difference clinical pregnancy rate between those who had all their embryos transferred at the first attempt (45.4%) and those who required more than one attempt (48.0%). CONCLUSiONS: Contaminated mucus in the catheter is associated with failed embryo transferred at the first attempt. Embryo transfers, however, that are repeated attempts do not adversely affect pregnancy rates following iVF-ET.
Catheters ; Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Fertilization* ; Humans ; Infertility ; Mucus* ; Pregnancy Rate* ; Pregnancy*