The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of diabetes education program on Glucose Metabolism(blood sugar. HbAlc) and Lipid Metabolism(total cholesterol. triglyceride. low density lipoprotein. high density lipoprotein). Self-efficacy in non-insulin independent diabetes mellitus. The study design was a non equivalent control group pre-test post-test design. Data for the study were collected from March 12 to June 19, 2001. Sixty-two research subjects were assigned to experimental (36) and control (26) groups. The collected data was analyzed using the Chi-Square test. t-test by spsswin program The results are as follows: 1. Experimental group had higher level of glucose metabolism than control group(FBS: t=-3.317. p=.002. HbAlc: t=-4.956. p=.000). 2. Level of lipid metabolism were partly a significant different between experimental group and control group(Triglyceride: t=-2.108. p=.039). 3. Experimental group had higher efficacy score than control group(t=4.651. p=.000). In conclusion. the study supported the effects of diabetes education program to increase metabolism and self-efficacy. Further study with a longitudinal design is suggested to verify the effect of diabetes education program in NIDDM and standardized diabetes education program.
Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Education* ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism* ; Lipoproteins ; Metabolism* ; Research Subjects ; Triglycerides

In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of the fin of Thunnus Thynnus (TT ). TT was extracted with methanol (TTM ), and then further fractionated into four subfractions by using solvent partition method, affording hexane (TTMH ), methanol (TTMM ), butanol (TTMB )and aquous (TTMA )soluble fractions. We determined the cyto-toxicity of these four fractions in four kind of cancer cell lines, such as HepG2, MCF-7, B16-F10 and HT29 by MTT assay. The TTMM showed the strongest cytotoxic effect at the concentration of 150 microgram/mL, displaying 95% on the HepG2 cell lines and 82% on MCF-7 cell line. The morphological changes such as membrane shirinking and blebbing of cells were also observed by TTMM treatment in HT29 cell. In addition, we observed that quinone reductase (QR ) activity was elevated by only TTMM and TTMH treatments in HepG2 cell. QR activity was increased to around 2.0 and 1.8 times in TTMM and TTMH treated HepG2 cell at 100 microgram/mL, respectively, compared to that in control. Although further studies are needed, the present work could suggest that the fin of TT has a potential to be usable as a chemo-preventive agent against cancer.
Blister ; Cell Line ; Hep G2 Cells ; HT29 Cells ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Membranes ; Methanol ; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)*

We investigated the growth inhibitory effects of Atrina pecitinata (AP) on the proliferation in human cancer cell lines in vitro. AP was extracted with methanol which was further fractionated into four diffferent types: methanol (APMM), haxane (APMH), butanol (APMB), and aquous layers (APMA). Among various partition layers, the APMM showed the strongest cytotoxic effects on all cancer cell lines which we used. In the MTT assay of AP fractions, the growth inhibitory effects was increased in proportion to its concentration. We observed quinone reductase (QR) induced effects in all fraction layers of AP on HepG2 cells. The QR induced effects of APMM on HepG2 cell at 80 microgram/mL concentration indicated 2.0 with a control value of 1.0.
Cell Line* ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Methanol ; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)

OBJECTIVES: On Monday, September 6, 2021, at a kindergarten in Jeju Province, a large number of children vomited and developed food poisoning symptoms, and this necessitated an epidemiological investigation. METHODS: The team surveyed symptoms and food intake history of kindergarten children, teachers, and workers who ate lunch between September 2 (Thursday) and September 6 (Monday), excluding weekends. In addition to rectal swabs, environmental samples from preserved foods, cooking utensils, drinking water, and refrigerator handles were collected. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for genetic fingerprint analysis was also performed. RESULTS: There were 19 cases among 176 subjects, which indicated an attack rate of 10.8%. The epidemic curve showed a unimodal shape, and the average incubation period was 2.6 hours. While no food was statistically significant in food intake history, the analysis of 35 rectal smear samples detected Bacillus cereus in 7 children, 4 teachers, and 1 cooking staff. Enterotoxins were also detected in 12 samples. Out of 38 environmental samples, B. cereus and enterotoxins were detected in the morning snack cereal, lunch bean sprouts, and afternoon snack steamed potatoes on Monday, September 6th. The result of the PFGE test on 10 isolates of B. cereus showed that there was no genetic homology. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that this outbreak was simultaneously caused by various strains of B. cereus from the environment.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide a basis for non-humidified low flow oxygen by nasal cannula and to provide a guide for consistent care in nursing practice. METHODS: A methodological study on the development of guidelines with experts' opinions on collected items, framing PICO questions, evaluating and synthesizing texts which were searched with the key words (low flow oxygen, nasal cannula, humidification of oxygen, guideline) from web search engines. RESULTS: Of the 45 researched texts on the web, 9 texts relevant to the theme were synthesized and evaluated. All patients with humidified or non-humidified oxygen therapy reported that they had no discomfort. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that there are no tangible grounds for patients' perceived differences between the humidified and non-humidified oxygen under 4L/min supplied by nasal cannula. with oxygen. Therefore, non-humidification oxygen therapy is strongly advised when suppling under 4L/min oxygen by nasal cannula (recommended grade A).
Catheters ; Humans ; Oxygen

In this study, we investigated the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of red algae Gloiopeltis tenax (GT). GT was extracted with methanol and then further fractionated it into four different types: methanol (GTMM), hexane (GTMH), butanol (GTMB) and aqueous (GTMA) soluble fractions. The antioxidant activity of the fractions from GT was investigated by measuring the scavenging activities of GT against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Among the four fractions of GT, GTMM and GTMB showed a marked scavenging effect against ROS, but they displayed very low levels of the scavenging effect against RNS. The antimicrobial activity was increased in proportion to its concentration by the paper disc method. Among the various solvent layers, the GTMM and GTMB showed strong antimicrobial activities.
Methanol ; Reactive Nitrogen Species ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Rhodophyta

In this study, we investigated antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effects to each fraction extracted from Hizikia fusiformis (HF), which were extracted methanol (HFM)and then the extract was fractionated into four different types: hexane (HFMH), methanol (HFMM), butanol (HFMB) and aquous (HFMA) partition layers. We determined the cytotoxic effect of these layers on human cancer cells by MTT assay. Among various partition layers of HF, the HFMB and HFMM were showed the strong cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines we used. The quinone reductase (QR) induced activity of the HFMB on HepG2 cells at 150 microgram/mL concentration was 2.63 times more effective compared to the control value of 1.0. Although further studies are needed, the present work suggests that HF maybe a chemopreventive agent for the treatment of human cancer cells.
Cell Line ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Methanol ; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)

Iressa(R) (ZD1839) is a new anticancer agent, acting as a selective epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Iressa(R) has been generally well-tolerated in cancer patients. Predominant adverse effects are an acne-like skin rash, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, dry skin, and mild to moderate myelosuppression. The side effect of paronychia or alopecia is rare. We report a case of paronychia with granulation tissue induced by Iressa(R). Our patient complained of an acneiform eruption on his face and xerosis on his left arm and both feet as well as paronychia of several finger and toe nails.
Acneiform Eruptions* ; Alopecia ; Arm ; Diarrhea ; Exanthema ; Fingers ; Foot ; Granulation Tissue ; Humans ; Nausea ; Paronychia* ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Skin* ; Toes ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: To identify possible predictors of pathologic complete response (pCR) of rectal cancer after preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 53 patients with rectal cancer who underwent preoperative CCRT followed by radical surgery at a single center between January 2007 and December 2012. The median radiotherapy dose to the pelvis was 54.0 Gy (range, 45.0 to 63.0 Gy). Five-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy was administered via continuous infusion with leucovorin. RESULTS: The pCR rate was 20.8%. The downstaging rate was 66%. In univariate analyses, poor and undifferentiated tumors (p = 0.020) and an interval of ≥7 weeks from finishing CCRT to surgery (p = 0.040) were significantly associated with pCR, while female gender (p = 0.070), initial carcinoembryonic antigen concentration of <5.0 ng/dL (p = 0.100), and clinical stage T2 (p = 0.100) were marginally significant factors. In multivariate analysis, an interval of ≥7 weeks from finishing CCRT to surgery (odds ratio, 0.139; 95% confidence interval, 0.022 to 0.877; p = 0.036) was significantly associated with pCR, while stage T2 (odds ratio, 5.363; 95% confidence interval, 0.963 to 29.877; p = 0.055) was a marginally significant risk factor. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the interval from finishing CCRT to surgery is a predictor of pCR after preoperative CCRT in patients with rectal cancer. Stage T2 cancer may also be an important predictive factor. We hope to perform a robust study by collecting data during treatment to obtain more advanced results.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Chemoradiotherapy* ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Hope ; Humans ; Leucovorin ; Multivariate Analysis ; Pelvis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Radiotherapy ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Rectum ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Cement is increasingly used in the construction industry, however the occurrence of cement burns has rarely been reported. Exposure to wet cement may cause severe alkaline and thermal burns due to the exothermic reaction of calcium oxide with water which forms calcium hydroxide. Furthermore, alkalinity of calcium hydroxide in wet cement, combined with the effect of pressure and occlusion against skin, may result in cement burn. We herein report a case of cement burn in a 42-year-old male, who had wet cement trapped in his boots and presented with 3rd degree burns on both lower legs. He was treated with wet dressings and the burns healed after two weeks of treatment.
Adult ; Bandages ; Burns* ; Calcium ; Calcium Hydroxide ; Construction Industry ; Humans ; Leg ; Male ; Skin ; Water