PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the level of nausea & vomiting, anorexia and food intake during the periods of chemotherapy and 14 days after discharge. METHOD: The subjects were 40 cancer patients(cervix cancer : 20 patients, stomach cancer: 20 patients) who had chemotherapy with Cisplatin & 5-Fu. Data were analyzed by mean & standard deviation, ANCOVA. RESULT: 1. The severity of nausea & vomiting with anorexia in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy was the highest at the 3rd day and then it gradually decreased. At the 14th day after discharge, nausea & vomiting with anorexia still remained with very low levels. 2. The amount of food intake was the lowest on the 3rd day and then gradually increased. However, it was 53.3-72.5% of the ordinary food intake on the 14th day after discharge. Calorie intake was 625.31 Kcal on the 3rd day and 1130.92 Kcal on the 7th day after discharge. 3. There were no significant differences in nausea & vomiting, anorexia, food intake, calory intake between those with cervix cancer and stomach cancer. CONCLUSION: In cancer patients nausea & vomiting and anorexia were severe and food intake was very poor during chemotherapy but afterwards they were gradually improved, but were not completely recovered on the 14th day after discharge. Therefore the nursing intervention regarding the increase of food intake was necessary during chemotherapy and after discharge.
Anorexia* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Cisplatin ; Drug Therapy* ; Eating* ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Nausea* ; Nursing ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms* ; Vomiting*

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to understand the meaning and essentials of the experience of burnout for hospital nurses with turnover intention. METHODS: The design was a qualitative research of phenomenological study. Participants: Seven hospital nurses who had worked over three years and had experiences of turnover intention in a hospital with over 400 beds were included. RESULTS: Nine meaningful themes related to burnout experiences and four theme clusters of 1) battery warning sounds almost out; 2) the player who hit the drum and double-headed drum; 3) the target flying arrow without a break; and 4) the pendulum swaying to turn over. Registered nurses (RNs) felt burnout with an overload of work and by the thought that it was illegal action for registered nurses to receive insufficient rewards for their work. RNs also experienced there were no problem solving strategies to verbal violence by patient and medical team. CONCLUSION: The findings show that burnout experiences for those who had turnover intention was developed from the insight that insufficient training to do work independently with over-load for nurses was not ethical. It suggests that it is necessary to rethink training systems for nursing and hospitals to relieve turnover intention.
Diptera ; Humans ; Intention* ; Nursing ; Problem Solving ; Qualitative Research ; Reward ; Violence

Angiotensin II (Ang II), a key mediator of hypertensive, causes structural changes in the arteries (vascular remodeling), which involve alterations in cell growth, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) hypertrophy. Ang II promotes fibrotic factor like IGFBP5, which mediates the profibrotic effects of Ang II in the heart and kidneys, lung and so on. The purpose of this study was to identify the signaling pathway of IGFBP5 on cell proliferation and migration of Ang II-stimulated VSMC. We have been interested in Ang II-induced IGFBP5 and were curious to determine whether a Pitavastatin would ameliorate the effects. Herein, we investigated the question of whether Ang II induced the levels of IGFBP5 protein followed by proliferation and migration in VSMC. Pretreatment with the specific Angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1) inhibitor (Losartan), Angiotensin receptor type 2 (AT2) inhibitor (PD123319), MAPK inhibitor (U0126), ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059), P38 inhibitor (SB600125) and PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) resulted in significantly inhibited IGFBP5 production, proliferation, and migration in Ang II-stimulated VSMC. In addition, IGFBP5 knockdown resulted in modulation of Ang II induced proliferation and migration via IGFBP5 induction. In addition, Pitavastatin modulated Ang II induced proliferation and migration in VSMC. Taken together, our results indicated that Ang II induces IGFBP5 through AT1, ERK1/2, P38, and PI3K signaling pathways, which were inhibited by Pitavastatin. These findings may suggest that Pitavastatin has an effect on vascular disease including hypertension.
Angiotensin II ; Angiotensins ; Arteries ; Cell Proliferation ; Heart ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5* ; Kidney ; Lung ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Vascular Diseases

Four hundred and sixty five randomly selected clones from a cDNA library of Blattella germanica were partially sequenced and searched using BLAST as a means of analyzing the transcribed sequences of its genome. A total of 363 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated from 465 clones after editing and trimming the vector and ambiguous sequences. About 42% (154/363) of these clones showed significant homology with other data base registered genes. These new B. germanica genes constituted a broad range of transcripts distributed among ribosomal proteins, energy metabolism, allergens, proteases, protease inhibitors, enzymes, translation, cell signaling pathways, and proteins of unknown function. Eighty clones were not well-matched by database searches, and these represent new B. germanica-specific ESTs. Some genes which drew our attention are discussed. The information obtained increases our understanding of the B. germanica genome.
Sequence Alignment ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Male ; Female ; *Expressed Sequence Tags ; Blattellidae/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Animals

The status of Dirofilaria immitis infection was assessed in pet dogs of Busan, Korea, and chemoprophylactic effects of microfilaricidal medication were evaluated. A total of 294 pet dogs older than 6 mo were examined, 217 of which had been maintained indoors, and 77 had been kept outdoors. The Snap(R) kit and direct microscopic examinations of the peripheral blood were used. The mean overall parasite positive rates were 10.2% and 6.5%, respectively. Outdoor dogs evidenced adult worm infection rate of 31.2% and microfilaria infection rate of 18.2%. The indoor dogs, however, evidenced adult worm infection rate of 2.8% and microfilaria infection rate of 2.3%. The prevalence in males was more than 2 times that of females. The changing pattern of infection rates by age evidenced a gradual increase, from 2- to 6-year-old dogs, after which, a decrease in infection rates was noted. With regard to chemoprophylaxis, the infection rates of complete and incomplete chemoprophylaxis groups were found to be 2-3 times lower than that of the non-chemoprophylaxis group. The results of the present study indicate that the risk of exposure to D. immitis in pet dogs is quite high, particularly in male outdoor dogs, and chemoprophylactic measures were quite effective.
Animals ; Chemoprevention ; Dirofilaria immitis/growth & development/*isolation & purification ; Dirofilariasis/blood/*epidemiology/parasitology/prevention & control ; Dog Diseases/blood/*epidemiology/parasitology/prevention & control ; Dogs ; Female ; Heart/parasitology ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Mosquito Control ; Prevalence

Larval excretory-secretory products of Anisakis simplex are known to cause allergic reactions in humans. A cDNA library of A. simplex 3rd-stage larvae (L3) was immunoscreened with polyclonal rabbit serum raised against A. simplex L3 excretory-secretory products to identify an antigen that elicits the immune response. One cDNA clone, designated as alpha-methylacyl CoA racemase (Amacr) contained a 1,412 bp cDNA transcript with a single open reading frame that encoded 418 amino acids. A. simplex Amacr showed a high degree of homology compared to Amacr orthologs from other species. Amacr mRNA was highly and constitutively expressed regardless of temperature (10-40degrees C) and time (24-48 hr). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Amacr was expressed mainly in the ventriculus of A. simplex larvae. The Amacr protein produced in large quantities from the ventriculus is probably responsible for many functions in the development and growth of A. simplex larvae.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Anisakis/*enzymology/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cluster Analysis ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Library ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Larva/enzymology/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Rabbits ; Racemases and Epimerases/genetics/*metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Degree of HLA matching between donor and recipient is a well-known risk factor affecting the renal allograft function and survival. This study presents long-term clinical outcomes of kidney transplantation between HLA identical siblings from a single center. A total of 60 patients (pts), who has been followed up more than 10 years were identified and constituted the cohort of this study. The graft and patient survival were estimated with Kaplan-Meier's analysis method. Causes of graft loss and pts' death, episode of acute and chronic rejection, allograft function, and long-term complications were reviewed from medical records. Before 1984, azathioprine (AZA) and steroids were used for immunosuppression, but cyclosporine (regular oral solution, regular capsules or microemulsion preparation) and a low dose steroid has been the mainstay of immunosuppression since 1984. Earlier 37 pts were treated with AZA/steroids protocol (AZA group) and later 23 pts were immunosuppressed with cyclosporine (CsA)/steroids protocol (CsA group). Mean duration of follow-up months was 151 in AZA and 114 in CsA group respectively. Mean age of recipients at the time of transplantation was 34.1 years in AZA and 34.7 years in CsA group. Ten year graft survival in each group were 67.6% and 65.2% (p=0.672) and patient survival were 82.7% and 80.0% (p=0.833) respectively. Adoption of CsA/steroids protocol since 1984 did not significantly improve the graft and patient survival comparing AZA/steroids protocol. During the period, 12 patients died of various causes. The leading causes of patient death were cerebrovascular disease (3) and infection (3). Twenty-two grafts were lost: 13 in AZA and 9 in CsA group. The common causes of graft loss were pts' death with functioning graft (12), chronic rejection (5), and poor compliance (4). We could not find any differences in the causes of mortality and graft loss between the AZA and CsA groups. Mean serum creatinine in the chronic rejection-free pts at post-transplant 10 year were 1.4 and 1.3 mg/dl in or CsA group. CsA/steroids protocol did not improve the long-term outcome in HLA matched pairs. Long surviving transplant recipients continue to experience a variety of medical and surgical complications. For this reason, continued follow-up by experienced medical personnel is essential. Measures need to be taken to prevent and manage these late complications. Continued investigation into new and better immunosuppressive modalities is essential in an attempt to prevent the long-term consequences of maintenance immunosuppression.
Allografts ; Azathioprine ; Capsules ; Cohort Studies ; Compliance ; Creatinine ; Cyclosporine ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney* ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Risk Factors ; Siblings* ; Steroids ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation ; Transplants

Degree of HLA matching between donor and recipient is a well-known risk factor affecting the renal allograft function and survival. This study presents long-term clinical outcomes of kidney transplantation between HLA identical siblings from a single center. A total of 60 patients (pts), who has been followed up more than 10 years were identified and constituted the cohort of this study. The graft and patient survival were estimated with Kaplan-Meier's analysis method. Causes of graft loss and pts' death, episode of acute and chronic rejection, allograft function, and long-term complications were reviewed from medical records. Before 1984, azathioprine (AZA) and steroids were used for immunosuppression, but cyclosporine (regular oral solution, regular capsules or microemulsion preparation) and a low dose steroid has been the mainstay of immunosuppression since 1984. Earlier 37 pts were treated with AZA/steroids protocol (AZA group) and later 23 pts were immunosuppressed with cyclosporine (CsA)/steroids protocol (CsA group). Mean duration of follow-up months was 151 in AZA and 114 in CsA group respectively. Mean age of recipients at the time of transplantation was 34.1 years in AZA and 34.7 years in CsA group. Ten year graft survival in each group were 67.6% and 65.2% (p=0.672) and patient survival were 82.7% and 80.0% (p=0.833) respectively. Adoption of CsA/steroids protocol since 1984 did not significantly improve the graft and patient survival comparing AZA/steroids protocol. During the period, 12 patients died of various causes. The leading causes of patient death were cerebrovascular disease (3) and infection (3). Twenty-two grafts were lost: 13 in AZA and 9 in CsA group. The common causes of graft loss were pts' death with functioning graft (12), chronic rejection (5), and poor compliance (4). We could not find any differences in the causes of mortality and graft loss between the AZA and CsA groups. Mean serum creatinine in the chronic rejection-free pts at post-transplant 10 year were 1.4 and 1.3 mg/dl in or CsA group. CsA/steroids protocol did not improve the long-term outcome in HLA matched pairs. Long surviving transplant recipients continue to experience a variety of medical and surgical complications. For this reason, continued follow-up by experienced medical personnel is essential. Measures need to be taken to prevent and manage these late complications. Continued investigation into new and better immunosuppressive modalities is essential in an attempt to prevent the long-term consequences of maintenance immunosuppression.
Allografts ; Azathioprine ; Capsules ; Cohort Studies ; Compliance ; Creatinine ; Cyclosporine ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney* ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Risk Factors ; Siblings* ; Steroids ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation ; Transplants

We have reported that a 24 kDa protein (22U homologous; As22U) of Anisakis simplex larvae could elicit several Th2-related chemokine gene expressions in the intestinal epithelial cell line which means that As22U may play a role as an allergen. In order to determine the contribution of As22U to allergic reactions, we treated mice with 6 times intra-nasal application of recombinant As22U (rAs22U). In the group challenged with rAs22U and ovalbumin (OVA), the number of eosinophils in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was significantly increased, as compared to the group receiving only OVA. In addition, mice treated with rAs22U and OVA showed significantly increased airway hyperresponsiveness. Thus, severe inflammation around the airway and immune cell recruitment was observed in mice treated with rAs22U plus OVA. The levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 cytokines in the BALF increased significantly after treatment with rAs22U and OVA. Similarly, the levels of anti-OVA specific IgE and IgG1 increased in mice treated with rAs22U and OVA, compared to those treated only with OVA. The Gro-alpha (CXCL1) gene expression in mouse lung epithelial cells increased instantly after treatment with rAs22U, and allergy-specific chemokines eotaxin (CCL11) and thymus-and-activation-regulated-chemokine (CCL17) gene expressions significantly increased at 6 hr after treatment. In conclusion, rAs22U may induce airway allergic inflammation, as the result of enhanced Th2 and Th17 responses.
Administration, Intranasal ; Animals ; Anisakiasis/*immunology/parasitology ; Anisakis/*immunology/metabolism ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Chemokines/metabolism ; Cytokines/analysis/*metabolism ; Eosinophils/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/*immunology ; Helminth Proteins/*immunology ; Hypersensitivity/*immunology/parasitology ; Immunoglobulin E/immunology ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Larva/immunology/metabolism ; Lung/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; Th17 Cells/metabolism ; Th2 Cells/metabolism

A 20-year-old man presented to our outpatient clinic with hemoptysis, cough, and pleuritic chest pain. His chest radiograph and pulmonary function tests (PFT) were normal. A bronchoscopy showed a small yellowish patch with a regular surface. A direct bronchoscopic biopsy was performed. The pathologic findings showed a benign granular cell tumor. The respiratory symptoms resolved after biopsying the tumor. On follow?up, there were no signs of recurrence of the granular cell tumor after a period of 24 months.
Adult ; Chest Pain/*diagnosis/pathology ; Granular Cell Tumor/*diagnosis/pathology ; *Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Male ; Tracheal Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology