Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing the intention of hand hygiene implementation based on the theory of planned behavior among caregivers in long-term care facilities (LTCF). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with 231 caregivers who are employed in LTCF. Data were collected from April, in 2020 until April, in 2021. Results: Nursing caregivers working at LTCF tend to have a high level of interest in and awareness of the importance of hand hygiene. Levels of behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, attitude toward behavior, and subjective norms were relatively high, but control beliefs and perceived control levels were relatively low. For variables that affect intention of hand hygiene, behavioral beliefs (β=0.23, p<.001) and normative beliefs (β=0.18, p=.003) significantly affected hand hygiene compliance intentions in belief factors, while subjective norm (β=0.23, p<.001) and attitude toward behavior (β=0.11, p=.047) significantly affected hand hygiene compliance intentions in key factors. with a total explanatory power of 28.2% (F=23.53, p<.001). Conclusion As in the result, hand hygiene compliance rate can be enhanced by multilateral hand hygiene promotion programs and education that can increase levels of behavior beliefs, normative beliefs, subjective norms, and attitude toward behavior, which are significant variables in the nursing caregivers’ hand hygiene compliance intentions.

In this study, the trypsin gene (bgtryp-1) from the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, was cloned via the immunoscreening of patients with allergies to cockroaches. Nucleotide sequence analysis predicted an 863 bp open reading frame which encodes for 257 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibited 42-57% homology with the serine protease from dust mites, and consisted of a conserved catalytic domain (GDSGGPLV). bgtryp-1 was determined by both Northern and Southern analysis to be a 0.9 kb, single-copy gene. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analyses of the recombinant protein (Bgtryp-1) over-expressed in Escherichia coli revealed that the molecular mass of the expressed protein was 35 kDa, and the expressed protein was capable of reacting with the sera of cockroach allergy patients. We also discussed the possibility that trypsin excreted by the digestive system of the German cockroach not only functions as an allergen, but also may perform a vital role in the activation of PAR-2.
Allergens/analysis/chemistry/*genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Blattellidae/*genetics ; Blotting, Western ; Catalytic Domain/genetics ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Receptor, PAR-2/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/analysis/biosynthesis/chemistry ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Trypsin/analysis/chemistry/*genetics

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of various factors on preterm labor symptoms (PLS) and preterm birth (PB). METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 193 women in the second stage of pregnancy. Multiple characteristics including body mass index (BMI), smoking, and pregnancy complications were collected through a self-report questionnaire. Pregnancy stress and PLS were each measured with a related scale. Cervical length and birth outcome were evaluated from medical charts. Multiple regression was used to predict PLS and logistic regression was used to predict PB. RESULTS: Multiple regression showed smoking experience, pregnancy complications and pregnancy specific stress were predictors of PLS and accounted for 19.2% of the total variation. Logistic regression showed predictors of PB to be twins (OR=13.68, CI=3.72~50.33, p<.001), shorter cervix (<25mm) (OR=5.63, CI=1.29~24.54, p<.05), BMI >25 (kg/m²) (OR=3.50, CI=1.35~9.04, p<.01) and a previous PB (OR=4.15, CI=1.07~16.03, p<.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that the multiple factors affect stage II pregnant women can result in PLS or PB. And preterm labor may predict PB. These findings highlight differences in predicting variables for pretrm labor and for PB. Future research is needed to develop a screening tool to predict the risk of preterm birth in pregnant women.
Body Mass Index ; Cervical Length Measurement ; Cervix Uteri ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mass Screening ; Obstetric Labor, Premature* ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Premature Birth* ; Prospective Studies ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Twins

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to look at the relationship among sexual consciousness, reproductive health knowledge and sexual experience. METHOD: the subjects were 276 high school students in 4 high schools in Gyonggi Province and Chungnam Province. The data was collected from August 1 to September 10, 2003. RESULT: The average age of the subjects is 16.5 years old, composed of male students, 154 persons (55.8%), and female students, 122 persons (44.2%). The mean scores of sexual consciousness, reproductive health knowledge and the mean level of sexual experience are 28.9, 10.5, and 1.7 respectively. There is a significant difference in sexual consciousness and sexual experience by sex (t=-3.22, p< .001; t=8.17, p< .001), the male students have more sexual experience than the female students, while the girls have a higher sexual consciousness than boys. Sexual consciousness has a negative relationship with reproductive health knowledge and sexual experiences (r=-0.13, p=0.04; r=-0.17, p=0.01). Sexual experience has a positive relationship to reproductive health knowledge (r=0.21, p< .001). CONCLUSION: We can conclude that sexual consciousness and reproductive health knowledge are weakly related to sexual experience. In addition we suggest developing an educational program to enhance sexual consciousness for high school students considering sexual differences.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Consciousness* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reproductive Health*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing quality of life (QOL) in liver transplant recipients. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 103 liver recipients who received their follow-up more than 3 months after liver transplantation at one general hospital in Seoul. A questionnaire survey was perfomed from September 1, 2012 to September 30, 2012. QOL and factors were evaluated using SF-36, Transplant Symptom Distress Scale and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. RESULTS: Symptom distress, work change after transplant, duration after transplant were significant factors influencing QOL (Cum R2=0.39, F=19.34, P<0.001). Symptom distress was the most important factors related QOL. There were significant differences in QOL according to general characteristics such as education (t=2.16, P=0.033), work change after transplant (t=3.67, P=0.000), duration after transplant (t=2.25, P=0.027), and economic status (t=3.08, P=0.027). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, symptom distress had an influence on the QOL of liver transplant recipients. Thus, it is necessary to develop interventions for symptom distress to improve the QOL of liver transplant recipients.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitals, General ; Liver ; Liver Transplantation ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transplants

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to understand the meaning and essentials of the experience of burnout for hospital nurses with turnover intention. METHODS: The design was a qualitative research of phenomenological study. Participants: Seven hospital nurses who had worked over three years and had experiences of turnover intention in a hospital with over 400 beds were included. RESULTS: Nine meaningful themes related to burnout experiences and four theme clusters of 1) battery warning sounds almost out; 2) the player who hit the drum and double-headed drum; 3) the target flying arrow without a break; and 4) the pendulum swaying to turn over. Registered nurses (RNs) felt burnout with an overload of work and by the thought that it was illegal action for registered nurses to receive insufficient rewards for their work. RNs also experienced there were no problem solving strategies to verbal violence by patient and medical team. CONCLUSION: The findings show that burnout experiences for those who had turnover intention was developed from the insight that insufficient training to do work independently with over-load for nurses was not ethical. It suggests that it is necessary to rethink training systems for nursing and hospitals to relieve turnover intention.
Diptera ; Humans ; Intention* ; Nursing ; Problem Solving ; Qualitative Research ; Reward ; Violence

Identifying specific factors and/or mechanism regulating development of periodontal tissue will provide important information as to which molecules and cells are required for regulation of periodontal tissue lost as a consequence of disease. The origin and location of cementoblast and osteoblast precursor cells in adult periodontal tissues is not definitely known but it has been suggested that tooth related periodontal ligament may be the source of cementoblasts and the bone-related periodontal ligament for osteoblasts. However, little is known of the molecular mechanism controlling PDL function. PDL-specific protein; PDLs22 had been previously identified as a novel protein isolated from cultured human PDL fibroblasts using subtraction hybridization between human gingival fibroblasts and PDL fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to examine the functional characterization of PDLs22 in differentiation of periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and cementum. Human osteocalcin (OC), osteonectin (ON) and PDLs22 mRNA were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in primary cell cultures of periodontal ligament fibroblast during mineral nodule formation in vitro. And the localization of PDLs22 in rat tissues was detected by polyclonal antibody against PDLs22 by means of immunohistochemical staining. The results were as follows: 1. PDL cells were capable of producing mineral-like nodules in vitro. 2. PDLs22 mRNA was expressed in the initial stages whereas it was not expressed in the calcification stage, during mineral nodule formation of PDL cells in vitro. 3. PDLs22 protein was expressed in external dental epithelium and stellate reticulum during crown formation stage, and was continued in external dental epithelium of Hertwig's epithelial sheath. Also PDLs22 protein was strongly expressed in the bone and cementum-related side of the PDL and weakly expressed in the middle of PDL. In the developing bone, PDLs22 protein is only expressed in preosteoblast not osteocyte and osteoblast. The results suggest PDLs22 is important mediator of epithelial-mesenchymal reaction in development of PDL, alveolar bone and cementum and is related to initial differentiation of cementum and alveolar bone.
Adult ; Animals ; Crowns ; Dental Cementum* ; Epithelium ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Osteocytes ; Osteonectin ; Periodontal Ligament* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Primary Cell Culture ; Rats ; Reticulum ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA, Messenger ; Tooth

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Seizures*

No abstract available.