Objective To investigate the possible correlation between chronic periodontitis(CP)and chronic renal failure(CRF)by establishing chronic periodontitis and chronic renal failure model in SD rats. Methods Forty health male SD rats were divided into four groups: control group(A), CP group(B), CRF group(C), CP accompany with CRF group(D). Ten rats were sacrificed in every group at the end of week 8. The periodontal index, levels of serum Scr and BUN, the concentration of IL-1β and TNF-α were examined. The severity CP and CRF was quantified by histopathology. The date was statistically analyzed. Results Animal models were established successfully. Scr and BUN in group D, BUN were higher than that in group C[Scr(120.54±21.29)junol/L vs(93.63±18.82)u,mol/L, BUN(34.20±14.44)mmol/L vs(17.77±4.15)mmol/L, P<0.05]. The kidney change of inflammation was observed in group B, the grade of PAS and Masson in group C and D were higher than that in group A(P<0.01), and that in group D was higher than group C(P<0.05). Obvious inflammation of periodontal tissue was observed in group B and D. Attachment loss level(AL)in group D was higher than that in group B[(173.60± 16.75)μm vs(124.00±23.87)μm, P<0.05]. The level of IL-lβ and TNF-α in group B and C and D were higher than that in group A(P<0.05), and IL-lβ in group D was higher than that in group B and C(P<0.05), TNF-a in group D was higher than that in group B(P<0.05). 2×2 factorial design revealed that there were interactions between CP and CRF on the numerus of Scr and BUN and AL P<0.05), and the influence of each factor on that was significant(P<0.05), no interactions were noted between CP and CRF on IL-1β and TNF-α(P>0.05), but the influence of each factor on that was significant(P<0.05). Conclusions The SD rat models can appear chronic periodontitis and chronic renal failure at the same time. There is correlation between chronic periodontitis and chronic renal failure. Chronic periodontitis can aggravate chronic renal failure throngh the role of inflammation.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting Self Care Behavior in Korean high school students. METHOD: Data were collected from November 9 to December 28, 2003. The participants in this study were 293 students(134 boys, 159 girls), recruited from two High School located in Seoul. Data collection was conducted through the use of Questionnaire that was modified by the investigator. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. The SPSS win 10.0 program was used. RESULTS: The mean of total item score the Self Care Behaviors scales was 3.37, which was slightly low. There was a significant correlation between Self Care Behavior, Hope, Social Support, and Self Care Agency(gamma= .30 ~ .65, p<.001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that Self Care Agency was a predictor of Self Care Behavior and accounted for 28% of the variance. Self Care Agency account for 31% of the variance in Self Care Behavior in the high school girls. Self Care Agency and Hope accounted for 27% of the variance in Self Care Behavior in High school boys. CONCLUSION: Self Care Agency accounted for variance in Self Care Behavior in these high school students. Therefore it is necessary to develop nursing interventions to increase Self Care Agency in high school students in order to increase the Self Care Behavior.
Data Collection ; Female ; Hope ; Humans ; Nursing ; Research Personnel ; Self Care* ; Seoul ; Weights and Measures ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain* ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Rats*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of obesity, serum lipids and CRP in Korean adults. The predictors of obesity and serum lipids were the subject's general characteristics, life style, eating habit and nutrients. The predictors of CRP were the subject's general characteristics, life style, eating habit, nutrients, obesity and serum lipids. METHOD: 115 subjects who had visited the health examination center at a hospital participated in the study. The data analysed with descriptive analysis, ANOVA, Chi-square test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. RESULT: Sex, married, eating out (4< or =/w), eating out (2-3/w) and age (61< or =) were anticipated variable on BMI(R2=0.488). Sex and overeating (2-3/w) were anticipated variable on body fat(R2=0.218). Drink (4-6/w), age (51-60), sex, vegetable fat and Systolic BP were anticipated variable on total cholesterol (R2=0.217). Age (51-60), vegetable fat and unmarried were anticipated variable on LDL (R2=0.180).Sex was anticipated variable on HDL and Triglyceride (R2=0.054, 0.192). Breakfast (1-3/w) and meal (2/d) were anticipated variable on CRP (R2=0.1268). CONCLUSION: It is thought that decreasing eating out and overeating might be important to prevent obesity. It is thought that decreasing drinking and fat eating might be important to improve serum lipids. It is thought that eating breakfast might be important to decrease CRP.
Adult ; Breakfast ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cholesterol ; Drinking ; Eating ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Life Style ; Meals ; Obesity ; Single Person ; Vegetables

AIMS: To explore the relationship between shiftwork duration and metabolic risk factors on cardiovascular disease in shiftworkers. METHODS: The study subjects comprised of 226 nurses, from a hospital, and 130 male workers, from a diaper and feminine hygienic material manufacturing firm. The mean ages of the male workers and nurses were 29 and 28.5 years, respectively. The fasting blood sugar, serum cholesterol, blood pressure, height and weight, waist and hip circumferences (only in nurses), and number of step for a shift as indices of physical activity were measured. Using the Korean version of Karasek's job contents questionnaire, the job stress was assessed. Information about the number of years worked, duration of shiftwork, and past medical and behavioral histories, including smoking, were obtained by self-administrated questionnaires. Linear regression analyses were performed, to show the relationships between shiftwork duration and metabolic risk factors, using simple and multivariate models, adjusted for age, smoking, job strain and physical activity. The following criteria were defined: hypertension as a SBP>or160 or a DBP>or=90 mmHg at least once, hypercholesterolemia, as a serum total cholesterol >or=240 mg/dl, obesity as BMI (Body Mass Index) >or=25kg/m2 and central obesity as a WHR (Waist to Hip Ratio) >or=0.85; and the logistic regression analyses, according to years of shiftwork, were performed using simple and adjusted models. RESULTS: The cholesterol and fasting blood sugar showed increasing trends, but without statistical significances, according to the increase in shiftwork duration of the male workers, although, the increases in the blood pressure and BMI were statistically significant. In the nurses, only the WHR showed a significant increase in relation to the shiftwork duration. In the logistic regression analyses, hypercholesterolemia and obesity showed significant increasing risks according to the number of years of shiftwork (OR=3.32 95%CI 1.27-8.72 and OR=3.21 95%CI 1.24-8.32 respectively) in the male workers, but hypertension showed no significance. In the nurses, only an increased central obesity was significant as a risk factor (OR=1.30 95%CI 1.05-1.62). CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence of the associations between shiftwork and metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease, although healthy shiftworker effects might exist in our cross sectional study design.
Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Cholesterol ; Fasting ; Hip ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension ; Linear Models ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Questionnaires ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking

OBJECTIVES: Several studies have raised the possibility that exposure to electrical and/or magnetic fields may be particularly harmful in the promotion or initiation of cancer. The purpose of this study which was based on a geographical correlation design was to investigate any association that may exist between residing near radio broadcast towers and carcinogenic activity in Korea. METHODS: In this study, the health effects of EMF of 10 AM radio broadcast towers in Korea were investigated. The electric powers of the towers were above 100kW. We chose exposed areas that were located within 2 km from the towers as well as four control regions which had similar populations in the same province(Do) but had no towers nearby. The incidence of leukemia, malignant lymphoma, brain tumor and breast cancer between the exposed areas and the control areas was compared. The standardized incidence ratios(SIRs) were calculated. Korean Medical Insurance data(between Nov,1,1993 and Oct,31,1996) was used for the cancer incidence estimation. The Nationwide Population Census data(in 1995) and the Resident Register data(in 1995) were used for information about population and locations. RESULTS: Among the 10 exposed areas, one area for leukemia and one area for brain tumor showed a significantly high incidence compared to the control areas. There were no significant increased areas for malignant lymphoma and breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: This study design must be considered to be exploratory and not used for determining causality. However, the results suggest the necessity for further analytical epidemiological studies that have a more precise exposure measurement scale and information on confounding factors.
Brain Neoplasms ; Breast Neoplasms ; Censuses ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Incidence* ; Insurance ; Korea ; Leukemia ; Lymphoma ; Magnetic Fields

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lung is histologically and ultrastructurally identical to the salivary gland tumor of the same name and is characterized by infiltrative growth, local recurrence, and usually a prolonged clinical course. We have recently experienced two cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma arising in the lung. Case 1 was a 59 year-old male who presented with cough, fever, and chill of 1.5 months' duration, and case 2 was a 61 year-old male who was incidentally found to have a 3 to 4 cm sized lobulated mass in the right upper lobe. After being worked up, both patients underwent right pneumonectomy. In case 1, a 3x2 cm sized tumor was located in the lower bronchus, partly elevating toward the lumen and partly infiltrating into regional lymph nodes and lung parenchyma showing grayish-white and solid cut surface. Case 2 was a 3.5x3.5 cm sized upper bronchial tumor resembling the former in appearance. Histologically, the tumors were composed of small round hyperchromatic cells, forming solid, cribriform, acinar, or tubular structures. Luminal spaces in tumor cell nests contained PAS-positive mucinous or hyaline material. Among the tumor cells, scattered islands of normal submucosal gland were noticed.
Male ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to obtain an important basic data which would be useful not only in clinical practice but also in clinical trial of ThinPrep Pap Test and Computerized Screening Test as the new trends of cervical cancer detection, by analyzing the conventional Papanicolaou cervical cytologic test according to The Bethesda System (TBS) and investigating the correlation between abnormal cytologic diagnoses and histologic diagnoses. METHODS: This study was performed in Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient clinic (OG group: high risk and screening population) and in Health Check-up Center/Industrial Medicine clinic (HC group: screening population) at Dankook University Medical Center from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2000. Ten thousand and seven hundred eighty seven cases (5,019 cases in OG group and 5,768 cases in HC group) who underwent conventional Papanicolaou cervical cytologic test were analyzed. Abnormal cytologic diagnoses ([Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) or worse]) were compared with histologic diagnoses as a reference standard. RESULTS: Followings are the results summarized. 1. Of the 10,807 patients, 20 (0.19%) were diagnosed as unsatisfactory for evaluation. Of 10,787 cases, there were 5,501 (51.00%) cytologic diagnoses of Within Normal Limit (WNL), 4,911 (45.53%) of Benign Cellular Change (BCC), 168 (1.56%) of ASCUS, 67 (0.62%) of Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL), 89 (0.83%) of High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL), 34 (0.32%) of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), 16 (0.15%) of Atypical Glandular Cells of Undetermined Significance (AGUS) and 1 (0.01%) of Adenocarcinoma (ACC), respectively in conventional Papanicolaou smear series. The ASCUS/SIL ratio was 1.08. Statistically, there were more cytologic diagnoses of WNL, ASCUS, LSIL, HSIL, and SCC in OG group but BCC in HC group. 2. The age distribution of patients were as follows: 9 cases under 19 years, 1,011 in the 20's, 3,244 in the 30's, 3,110 in the 40's, 2,218 in the 50's, 1,035 in the 60's, 148 in the 70's, and 12 over 80 years. The mean age was 44.03 years. The mean age of HC group was significantly higher than that of OG group. The mean ages of BCC and ASCUS in HC group were significantly higher than those in OG group. 3. Of 10,787 cases, there were 375 abnoraml cytologic diagnoses (ASCUS/AGUS or worse): 245 in OG group and 130 in HC group. Statistically, there were more high-grade cytologic diagnoses (HSIL, SCC, and ACC) both in older age and in OG group. 4. Of 375 cases with abnormal cytologic diagnoses, 176 patients had histologic diagnoses. Of the 56 ASCUS, 21 (37.5%) showed positive histologic LSIL or worse diagnoses. Of the 112 cytologic LSIL or worse cases, 91 (81.25%) showed positive histologic LSIL or worse diagnoses. Of 176 cases, 105 (59.66%) showed high-grade histologic diagnoses (HSIL or worse). Of the 7 AGUS, 5 (71.43%) showed HSIL or worse diagnoses. There was a statistically significant relation between cytologic diagnoses and high-grade histologic diagnoses in squamous abnormalities. CONCLUSION: This study showed that our data according to TBS criteria were similar to other reports in the literatures. There were statistically significant difference between OG group and HC group in age and some diagnoses. And there was a statistically significant relation between cytologic diagnoses and high-grade histologic diagnoses in squamous cell abnormalities. This study will play a relevant role in clinical trial of ThinPrep Pap Test and Computerized Screening Test as well as in clinical practice.
Academic Medical Centers ; Adenocarcinoma ; Age Distribution ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Diagnosis ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Obstetrics ; Papanicolaou Test ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

OBJECTIVES: There was an outbreak of foodborne and waterborne disease among high school students at Okcheon in June, 2018. First attack occurred June 5(th) but seven days later it was notified. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the pathogen of outbreak and cause of delayed notification. METHODS: First, we did a questionnaire survey for 61 cases and 122 controls to find what symptoms they had and whether they ate foods or drank water from June 2(nd) to June 12(th). Second, we investigated the environment of cafeteria and drinking water. Third, we examined specimen of cases and environment to identify bacteria or virus. RESULTS: Attack rate of this outbreak was 7.8%. Drinking water was strongly suspected as a source of infection in questionnaire survey but we could not find the exact time of exposure. Norovirus was identified in specimen of cases (2 students), drinking water (at main building and dormitory) and cafeteria (knife, dishtowel, hand of chef) CONCLUSIONS: We decided norovirus as the pathogen of this outbreak based on the clinical features of cases with diarrhea vomiting, abdominal pain and recovery within 2 or 3 days after onset, outbreak due to drinking water and microbiologic examination, And the cause of delayed notification might be the non-existence of the nurse teacher at that time and the lack of understanding of teachers on immediate notification under the outbreak. To prevent the delayed notification, notification system about outbreak of foodborne and waterborne disease in school is needed to be improved.
Abdominal Pain ; Bacteria ; Diarrhea ; Drinking Water ; Hand ; Humans ; Norovirus* ; Vomiting ; Water ; Waterborne Diseases*

Group occupational health service programme started in 1990 is one of the measures to cope with limited human and financial resources in occupational health. The programme has expanded rapidly to include 52 institutions, private as well as public, all over the country. In spite of its potential impact on health of employees and practice of occupational health in small and medium sized industries, comprehensive evaluation in terms of quality has not been tried. This study has aims to develop the criteria to assess the quality of newly developed group occupational health service programme, and to investigate the quality of institutions, and finally to develop policies for the quality improvement. 1) Criteria development : By defining occupational health services, in particular for small and medium sized industries, as one of the primary health care, followings are included as core elements of qualitative occupational health programme ; accessibility, continuity, comprehensiveness, technical quality, intersectoral collaboration, emphasis on preventive services, community participation, and adequacy. Again each element is divided into five major components of national health system infrastructure developed by the World Health Organization ; development of health resources, organized arrangement of resources, delivery of health care, economic support, and management. In turn, each component is categorized into three aspects of quality assessment, structure, process and outcome. Expert panel selected several criteria for each category to evaluate the programme. Criteria were modified according to each group of interviewees, to produce two sets of questionnaire, one for chief operating officer and another for nurses in the institutions, and the chief operating officer and workers in the workplace. 2) Subject : Of all 52 institutions, 25 voluntarily participated in the survey. At individual institution, chief operating officer and practicing nurses were interviewed in depth. After intensive education for interviewees, every interview was performed with standardized guideline and questionnaire. The quality of the 'Group occupational health service programme' was found to be lower than expected. Especially In continuity, comprehensiveness, technical quality, community participation and adequacy, lower quality in structural aspect was commonly identified throughout all the institutions. Quality in terms of accessibility and continuity highly varied among institutions. To improve quality of the programme, more comprehensive and systematic programme such as accreditation has to be introduced. In addition, human resources, governmental fund and information systems for individual workers are to be developed. As a long range plan, integration of occupational health services into the national health systems and pooling of financial resources and planned allocation should be considered.
Accreditation ; Consumer Participation ; Cooperative Behavior ; Delivery of Health Care ; Education ; Financial Management ; Health Resources ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Korea* ; Occupational Health Services* ; Occupational Health* ; Primary Health Care ; Quality Improvement ; Questionnaires ; Social Welfare ; World Health Organization