Neurological services in Myanmar began in 1969 in the Yangon General Hospital. Presently the country has 10 neurologists and 13 neurosurgeons serving the 54 million populations in 4 neurological centers. The ratio of population per neurologist is 5.4 million. All of the centers have CT scan, 2 have MRI and EEG, and one has electromyography. The pattern of neurological diseases is largely similar to elsewhere, with stroke, epilepsy and headache as the main illnesses treated. There is a training program for neurologists in the Yangon General Hospital. The Myanmar Neurology Society was founded in 2000. It is affiliated to World Federation of Neurology and ASEAN Neurological Association.
Myanmar ; seconds ; Neurologic ; Neurology ; Hospitals, General

We found an error in this article.

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the effects of supportive nursing care on surgical patients in the operating room. METHOD: This study was nonequivalent control group none-synchronized design. The data were collected during the period of July 26 through October 8, 1999 at K hospital in Kwangju. The subjects for the study were selected from those patients who were admitted to K hospital for abdominal surgery. Forty-eight adult subjects were selected and evenly divided into two groups: 24 for the experimental group and the other 24 for the control group, respectively. The tool used for measuring state and trait anxiety was the one originally worked out by Spilberger(1976), and translated by Kim Jung-Taek and Shin Dong-Kyun(1978) for suitable application for Koreans. Data were analyzed by x2-test, t-test, Chronbach's alpha coefficient using SAS/PC+. RESULT: Results were as follows: 1. The degree of State anxiety was found to be lower in the experimental group who received supportive nursing care in the operating room immediately before an operation than the control group who did not."(p<.001). 2.There was no significant difference on the post-test blood pressure and pulse rate immediately before operation between the two groups(p>.05). CONCLUSION: Results of the above study reveals that the supportive nursing care in the operating room is effective in alleviating the anxiety of patients. I suggest that it is highly desirable to apply supportive nursing care for those patients who are waiting for immediate surgery.
Adult ; Anxiety* ; Blood Pressure ; Gwangju ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Nursing Care* ; Nursing* ; Operating Rooms*

No abstract available.
Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Humans ; Immunocompetence*

No abstract available.
Evoked Potentials, Visual* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

To generate drug delivery vector to locales in the body, genetic engineering and expression techniques have been used to produce antibody avidin fusion proteins. Chicken avidin has been fused to mouse-human chimeric IgG3 immediately after the hinge with a flexible linker (H-Flex-Av) and at the end of CH2 (CH2-Av). Fusion heavy chains were expressed with the expected molecular weight, assembled as H2L2 forms with a co-expressed light chain, and were secreted. The expression level of H- Flex-Av was 1~10 ug/ml/10(8)/24 hrs, but that of C2-Av was a very little (0.08~0.9 ug/ ml/10(8)/24 hrs). The resulting H-Flex-Av and CH2-Av fusion proteins continued to bind antigen dansyl and also bound biotinylated bovine serum albumin; both H-Flex-Av and CH2-Av had shown to retain 3-4 times higher relative affinity than that of CH3-Av in ELISA. Importantly the fact that both avidin fusion proteins had a higher relative affinity suggests that these avidin fusion proteins can be effectively used to deliver biotinylated ligands such as drugs and peptides to a certain locale, such as the brain.
Avidin ; Biotin* ; Brain ; Chickens ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Genetic Engineering ; Immunoglobulin G ; Ligands ; Molecular Weight ; Peptides ; Serum Albumin, Bovine

Development of antibody-based cancer therapies will be greatly facilitated if antibodies are better standardized in two fundamental issues that are specificity analysis of antibody reactivity and the detailed biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profile of antibodies. In the current endeavor we attempted to use an antibody binding specificity to target the tumor in a syngeneic carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) tumor model. CEA, a 180 kDa glycoprotein, expressed at high levels on the surface of nearly all tumors of the gastrointestinal tract was used a potential target for antibody immunotherapy of gastrointestinal carcinomas. Using the CEA model antibody-based cancer therapy directed against CEA has been evaluated in a syngeneic animal model of disseminated disease. We constructed mouse/human chimeric anti-CEA IgG3, which has been evaluated for the specificity for CEA and the detailed biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profiles. Anti-CEA IgG3 heavy chain was expressed with the expected 180kDa molecular weight, assembled as H2L2 forms with a co-expressed mouse/human chimeric anti-CEA light chain, and were secreted. On FACS the purified anti-CEA IgG3 specifically recognized the mouse colon adenocarcinoma cell line MC-38 transduced with CEA (MCA32a), but not MC 38 without expressing CEA. After subcutaneous injection in C57BL/6 mice the half- lives of anti-CEA IgG3 and an irrelevant anti-dansyl IgG3 showed the bi-phasic kinetic patterns, and their pharmacokinetics of the distribution and the elimination were similar in mice. However, the biodistribution patterns of anti-CEA IgG3 were very different from those of anti-dansyl IgG3. Anti-dansyl IgG3 was mainly distributed into kidney until 72 hours, but anti-CEA IgG3 was slowly rernoved from blood and distributed into liver, kidney, spleen, and tumor. It is note worthy that anti- CEA IgG3 increased in targeting MCA32a tumor expressing human CEA by time, but the targeting to MC38 tumor was negligible. Thus, the increased targeting of anti- CEA IgG3 made MCA32a tumor grow slowly
Adenocarcinoma ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Cell Line ; Colon ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Glycoproteins ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Immunotherapy ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Kidney ; Liver ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Molecular Weight ; Pharmacokinetics ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spleen

PURPOSE: The study was to examine the effects of the individual education about chemotherapy for cancer patients as well as their family who are receiving the first chemotherapy on self-care knowledge, self-care performance, family support, and anxiety level. METHODS: A non-equivalent control group was used in this interventional study. A total of 50 patients with cancer aged above 19 in the K university hospital, Seoul, Korea, participated in the study (Experimental group: n=25, Control group: n=25). The education about chemotherapy was offered one week after hospital discharge, which was followed by telephone counseling Data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program using percentage, frequency, mean, standard deviation, x2 test, and independent t-test. RESULTS: The experimental group showed a significantly better self-care knowledge (t=4.094, p < .001), self-care performance (t=3.532, p=001), family support (t=2.170, p=.035), and anxiety control (t=4.780, p < .001) than the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the individual education should be considered for cancer patients and their family in the clinical fields.
Anxiety ; Counseling ; Drug Therapy ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Self Care ; Seoul ; Telephone

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of general, health, and alcohol-related characteristics on blood pressure and stress according to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). METHODS: This was a descriptive study. From participants in the 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 319 participants who responded to the survey when they were attending college or university were selected. Data were analyzed using the SPSS Win 23.0 program for composite sample data reflecting the composite design elements of stratification, colonization, and weighting. RESULTS: Mean age of onset of alcohol drinking was 17.91±0.16 years, the average AUDIT score was 7.56±0.41, and 25 (9.1%) participants fell into the high-risk drinking group. In the high-risk AUDIT group, systolic blood pressure was influenced by age, gender, institution, health status, body mass index, and suicidal ideation, and the explanatory power of the model (R2) was 75.0%. For diastolic blood pressure, institution and health status were the influential factors, and R2 was 66.2%. Predictors of stress were health status, depression, and the age of onset of drinking, and R2 was 57.2%. CONCLUSION: It was confirmed that the explanatory power of the variables in models of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and stress is greater in those with higher scores on AUDIT.
Age of Onset ; Alcohol Drinking ; Alcohols ; Blood Pressure* ; Body Mass Index ; Colon ; Depression ; Drinking ; Humans ; Korea ; Nutrition Surveys ; Suicidal Ideation

Improving mental health and reducing the burden of mental illness are complementary strategies which, along with the treatment and rehabilitation of people with mental disorders, significantly improve population health and well-being. A Institute of Medicine report describes a range of interventions for mental disorders that included treatment and maintenance, reserving the term "prevention" for efforts that occur before onset of a diagnosable disorder. Mental health problems affect 10-20% of children and adolescents worldwide. Despite their relevance as a leading cause of health-related disability and their long lasting consequences, the mental health needs of children and adolescents are neglected. Early intervention can help reduce the significant impacts that children and adolescents with serious mental health problems may experience. Screening is the first step in early intervention, recognizing emotional and behavioral problems and providing help at an early stage. It is essential to implement early intervention in a sensitive and ethical manner to avoid any of the negative outcomes.
Adolescent* ; Child* ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Humans ; Institute of Medicine (U.S.) ; Mass Screening ; Mental Disorders ; Mental Health* ; Primary Prevention ; Rehabilitation ; Resin Cements