PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practice level of infection managements in child guardians with respiratory infections after H1N1 diffusion of 2009. METHODS: The data were collected during February and March 2010 using a self-report questionnaire. The participants were 228 child guardians. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, means, SD, t-test, F-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's alpha with the SPSS 17.0 program. RESULTS: Mean age of the guardians and children were 37.8 years, 4.1 years respectively. For knowledge level of respiratory infections, hand washing method had the highest score and snuffles prevention method, the lowest. For practice level for respiratory infections, environmental hygiene management had the highest score and symptom management, the lowest. Infection management knowledge and practice level had a positively significant correlation in every area. CONCLUSION: The results indicate the necessity of continual education on infection management, and that the most efficient timing for the education appears be for participants during their first pregnancy or after the woman has delivered her child.
Child ; Compliance ; Diffusion ; Female ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Legal Guardians ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to survey health requirements of middle-aged women and their families and to provide guidelines for developing nursing interventions by describing the process of family health maintenance experienced by middle-aged women and its conceptual system. METHODS: To get saturated data, each of four researchers conducted two or three times of in-depth interview with eight middle-aged women aged between 40-64 years old and living in Seoul and Chuncheon from the 10th to the 30th of October 2004 and each interview was continued one or two hours. The Grounded theory adopted by Strauss & Corbin (1998) is a substantive theory that can explain the experiencing process of middle-aged women. RESULTS: We found that the casual condition of family health maintaining by middle-aged women was "confidence of health belief", and "pouring by body moving" was found to be its phenomenon. A textual condition that might respond to the phenomenon was "fatal roles acceptance", and intervening conditions that promote their family health were "retracing" and "gathering health information". These intervening conditions impacted middle-aged women's confidence in family health and led them to take actions/interactions such as "being a model of health", "adapting to circumstances", "do-it-myself", "taking-care" "harmonious mind" and "the pursuit of cleanness". These actions/interactions produced results such as "being stronger", "being unmanageable" and "being fruitful". CONCLUSIONS: Health confidence and practical health behaviors were observed in the process that the middle-aged female participants experienced unmanageable circumstances but they accepted their roles and responsibilities and recognized that they must be get stronger. The behaviors of health-together-with were divided into enthusiastic type, adaptation type and self-sacrificing type. Therefore middle-aged woman with the understanding of family health maintaining process as well as the theoretical system and practical principals needs to implement the intervention in acceptable level of family health process of preventing psychological and physical problems.
Family Health* ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Nursing ; Seoul

Purpose: There are ongoing public initiatives to help substance abusers by involving peer recovery coaches (PRCs) in the field of substance abuse worldwide. This study examines the contents and delivery methods of PRC intervention programs and their effects from the participants' standpoint. Methods: An integrative literature search was conducted in seven electronic databases using English and Korean search terms. Two researchers independently reviewed the extracted papers and rated their quality based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in the selection of nine papers. Results: Research on PRC participation in substance abuse treatment were predominantly US-based, and all articles derived were quantitative studies. The main roles of PRCs included liaising between treatment and community resources, assisting with stress management and coping skills, counseling and case management, and recovery and recurrence prevention education. In addition, the PRC-delivered intervention was tested with various outcome variables. It reduced participants' substance use and enhanced their treatment adherence rates, self-efficacy, quality of life, and stress control. Conclusions This study confirmed the need to extend existing studies by testing the effects of PRCdelivered intervention through multidisciplinary efforts in more regions and establishing PRCs' role definition and concretization. The results of this study will serve as significant basic data in developing and applying for nursing intervention programs with PRCs in clinical and community nursing settings in the future.

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the relationships between spiritual well-being, attitude towards death and perception of hospice, and the factors influencing hospice perception of high school students. METHODS: A survey was conducted with 229 students in four high schools in B city from May 1, 2015 through May 31, 2015. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS 18.0 program. This study was approved by the internal review board. RESULTS: The factors influencing hospice perception of the high school students were previous recognition of hospice (β=0.412, P<0.001), attitude towards death preparation among sub-variables of attitude towards death (β=-0.244, P<0.001), subjective school life satisfaction (β=-0.215, P<0.001), and sex (β=0.191, P<0.001). The more positive the attitude towards my body after death and that towards death preparation was, the more positive recognition for hospice was. The total explanatory power of these factors was 34.5%. CONCLUSION: To improve high school students' perception of hospice, it is necessary to provide them with a hospice education program to help them with their attitudes towards death preparation and their understanding of hospice.
Adolescent ; Attitude to Death ; Education ; Hospice Care ; Hospices* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Palliative Care* ; Spirituality

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: During middle ear surgery, surgeons manipulate the chorda tympani nerve (CTN) at various degrees and warn the post-operative taste changes to patients preoperatively. The purpose of this study is to assess how many patients suffer from taste disturbance after surgery and the characteristics of their disease factors and surgical factors in patients complaining of it. In addition, it was designed to evaluate the clinical availability of electrogustometry (EGM)compared with subjective taste symptoms. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: One hundred thirty-one patients underwent middle ear surgery. Patients were divided to three groups, only tympanoplasty, tympano-ossiculoplasty without mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy. They were analysed by operative findings of CTN preserved, stretched, cut. The CTN function was measured at one day before surgery and one month after surgery by EGM. Taste questionnaires were given to all patients before and after surgery for one year. The results of EGM and questionnaires were compared with each other. RESULTS: In pre-operative EGM results of unilateral surgery, the lesion side of tongue had more elevated threshold of EGM than the contralateral side. In the post-operative EGM, any statistical factor was not significant and EGM results was not correlated with subjective symptoms. The results of the test questionnaraires was that thirty-three patients (25%) reported taste change. In tympanoplasty-preserved CTN group, more patients suffered from taste change than mastoidedctomy-cut CTN group. Symptoms were decreased taste sensation, dysgeusia, and decreased general sensation of tongue. Subjective recovery time was on the average of 2.7 months (two weeks to one year) after surgery. CONCLUSION: EGM was not correlated with subjective symptoms after surgery. Iatrogenic CTN injury in advanced middle ear infection may not cause taste disturbance. Surgeons should have efforts to preserve CTN in even mild middle ear diseases.
Chorda Tympani Nerve ; Diterpenes ; Dysgeusia ; Ear, Middle ; Humans ; Otitis Media ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sensation ; Tongue ; Tympanoplasty

The purpose of this study is to characterize a meta-signature of differentially expressed mRNA in chronic kidney disease (CKD) to predict putative microRNA (miRNA) in CKD-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) and confirm the changes in these genes and miRNA expression under uremic conditions by using a cell culture system.PubMed searches using MeSH terms and keywords related to CKD,uremia,and mRNA arrays were conducted.Through a computational analysis,a meta-signature that characterizes the significant intersection of differentially expressed mRNA and expected miRNAs associated with CKD-MBD was determined.Additionally,changes in gene and miRNA expressions under uremic conditions were confirmed with human Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells.A statistically significant mRNA meta-signature of upregulated and downregulated mRNA levels was identified.Furthermore,miRNA expression profiles were inferred,and computational analyses were performed with the imputed microRNA regulation based on weighted ranked expression and putative microRNA targets (IMRE) method to identify miRNAs associated with CKD occurrence.TLR4 and miR-146b levels were significantly associated with CKD-MBD.TLR4 levels were significantly downregulated,whereas pri-miR-146b and miR-146b were upregulated in the presence of uremic toxins in human Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells.Differentially expressed miRNAs associated with CKD-MBD were identified through a computational analysis,and changes in gene and miRNA expressions were confirmed with an in vitro cell culture system.

PURPOSE: Acute febrile illness in children frequently accompanies with abdominal symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, even if its etiology is not occured from the gastrointestinal tract. If the etiology of fever was unknown and the fever was accompanied with abdominal symptoms, we should be concerned about whether the etiology of fever was originated from the gastrointestinal tract or interpretated from the abnormality in the gastrointestinal tract. This study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of abdominal ultrasonography in patients with fever and abdominal symptoms. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of abdominal ultrasonographic (US) findings of 60 cases of acute febrile illness with abdominal symptoms at department of Pediatrics, Ulsan Dongang General RESULTS: (100%), splenomegaly in 4 cases (66.7%), ileocecitis in 1 case (16.7%), enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes and splenomegaly in 4 cases (66.7%), enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, splenomegaly and ileocecitis in 1 cases (16.7%). 6) The enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes and the abnormalities around the appendix were seen in 7 cases (11.7%), which were confirmed as appendicitis all. 7) The thickening of wall in urinary bladder was seen in 2 cases (3.3%) of acute cystitis and acute hemorrhagic cystitis. 8) The subtle thickening of wall in colon was seen in 1 cases (1.7%) of shigellosis. CONCLUSIONS: The enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, splenomegaly and ileocolitis on the abdominal ultrasonography in patients with fever and abdominal symptoms aree suggestive findings of typhoid fever. The enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes and the abnormalities around the appendix on abdominal ultrasonography make the rapid diagnosis of acute appendicitis and its complications, when physical examination is difficult in small children and diagnosis of their illnesses is obscure in patients with fever and abdominal pain.
Abdominal Pain ; Appendicitis ; Appendix ; Child ; Colon ; Crohn Disease ; Cystitis ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Dysentery, Bacillary ; Fever* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Medical Records ; Pediatrics ; Physical Examination ; Retrospective Studies ; Splenomegaly ; Typhoid Fever ; Ulsan ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder ; Vomiting

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a program for reinforcing the resilience of new nurses and relation-oriented organizational culture. Methods An Intervention Research (IR) model was used to develop a program. Literature review, focus group interviews with nurses and need surveys were conducted from August to December 2018. Based on the results of the investigation, the researcher developed the content of a program. The program was revised by nurse managers for the content validation. Results: According to the results of the need surveys, 58.8% of the participants thought relation-oriented culture was the most ideal, and 61.8% of the participants wanted to participate in a program for organizational culture improvement. In the focus group interview, not only new nurses but also wards and nursing organizations should be a target subject of the program. Reinforcement of resilience and relation (3R) program was developed as a one-year course, which includes a ‘mentor-mentee’ program and a ‘thanks’ program. Conclusion: It would contribute to improving the resilience of new nurses and creating a relation-oriented organizational culture by 3R program.The 3R program could play a role as expanded program from an existing pragmatic short-term training program for improving the competencies or communication skills of new nurses.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing parenting stress in primiparas. METHOD: The participants in this study were 198 primiparas of infants aged 1-6 months who visited well baby clinics in 5 hospitals. The data were collected from April 15 to June 15, 2003. RESULTS: The mean score for parenting stress was 2.4 of a possible 5 and thus considered average. The score for parenting stress was significantly correlated with the level of maternal perception of the infant and the level of social support. The score for parenting stress was significantly different according to the education level of the primiparas and prenatal management. For the primiparas, social support(20%) and maternal perception of the infant(9%) were significant predictors explaining parenting stress. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing interventions to improve maternal perception of the infant and increase social support should be provided for primiparas in order to reduce parenting stress.
Education ; Humans ; Infant ; Nursing ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Child Health

PURPOSE: The purpose was to evaluate the effects of a transtheoretical model (TTM) based exercise counseling offered with music skipping rope exercise on components of the TTM (stages of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy), body mass index, glucose, and lipid profile of overweight/obese children in Korea. METHODS: This study used a nonequivalent pretest and posttest experimental study design. A total of 75 overweight/obese children participated in the study. Eight sessions of exercise counseling combined with music skipping rope exercise for 12 weeks were offered for children in the experimental group, while one session of exercise counseling with music skipping rope exercise for 12 weeks was offered for children in the control group. Outcomes were measured at baseline, and 6 months after the intervention. RESULTS: After the intervention, self-efficacy significantly improved among children in the experimental group (p = .049), while these children maintained their baseline BMI at 6-month follow-up (p > .05). Among children in the control group, BMI significantly increased (p < .05). Fasting blood sugar significantly increased for both groups after the intervention (p < .05). However, a greater increase was observed for the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study partially supports the hypothesis that a TTM-based exercise intervention is effective in maintaining BMI and improving self-efficacy of overweight/obese children. The TTM-based counseling combined with exercise classes has potential to control weight among overweight/obese children, while involvement of parents and children in the development of the theory-based intervention may generate further benefits regarding health and well-being of overweight/obese children.
Adolescent ; Attitude to Health ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Counseling/*methods ; Exercise Therapy/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Music Therapy/*methods ; Pediatric Obesity/*prevention & control ; Play and Playthings ; Self Efficacy ; Treatment Outcome