PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the effect of a posture training program, including posture education and spinal exercise as implemented on the elementary school students with scoliosis. METHOD: The design of this study is nonequivalent sample control group pretest-posttest design. The study subjects were elementary school students attending 7 elementary schools located in G city in Gyungsangbuk-Do. Among them, those who had the Cobb angle between 4~10 in spine x-ray who agreed to participate in the study program were selected as the study subjects. The research instruments included the degree of spinal scoliosis(cobb angle), the level of knowledge on posture, and an evaluation following the posture training program. The data were collected from March 1, 2002 to July 30, 2002. The collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentile, mean, standard deviation, t-test, 2 test and Mann-Whitney U test were using SPSS WIN10.0 program. RESULT: The elementary school students with scoliosis who received the posture training program have a lower Cobb angle and higher level of knowledge of posture than the elementary school students with scoliosis who did not receive the posture training program. CONCLUSION: The posture training program was effective on the on Cobb angle and Knowledge of posture in the elementary school students with scoliosis in this study. Therefore, the program training program can be usefully utilized for the students with mild scoliosis in the field of school health.

Cytologic features of inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung have not been described frequently. We report fine needle aspiration cytologic(FNAC) finding of a case of inflammatory pseudotumor misdiagnosed as adenocarcinoma in a 63-year- old man. The FNAC displayed a mixture of histiocytes, myofibroblasts, pneumocytes, and plasma cells. Some histiocytes and myofibroblasts had large nuclei with irregular nuclear membrane and prominent nucleoli, which mislead the diagnosis of adeno- carcinoma on FNAC. The heterogeneous cell population is the unique cytologic features of inflammatory pseudotumor, which are helpful to distinguish it from other circumscribed benign and malignant lesions. Familiarity with these features is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and possible overtreatment.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Blunt tracheobronchial injuries are rare, and usually lethal without aggressive and appropriate management. Recently, the incidence of tracheobronchial injuries has been increased with the increase of traffic accident and mechanization. We report a case of complete tracheal transection combined with a longitudinal rupture of the membranous portion of the trachea extending to the right main bronchus following blunt chest trauma, and review the anesthetic management.
Accidents, Traffic ; Bronchi ; Incidence ; Rupture ; Thorax ; Trachea

Fifty nine patients of tuverculous menigiis who were admitted to the Pediatric department of Seoul Red Cross Hospital during the period from March, 1976 to December 1977 were treated with rifampin in addition to isoniazid and streptomycin injection, and Compaired with 135 cases of tuberculous meningitis who were admitted during the period from January, 1971 to December, 1975. The contrast group was composed of 21 cases who obtained as folows. 1) Out of 59 patients givern rifampin, only 5 patients died resulting in lower motality rate (8.5%) whereas 20 patients died out of 135 cases given PAS regimen showing 14.8% of motality rate. 2) Seven cases on each stage of PAS regimen group and 10 cases of stage I, 9 cases of stage II and III of rifampin group were reviewed for the respects of defeveration, durratio of disappearance of meningeal irritation signs, improvements of conciousness and neurological defects and self feeding ability. It was very hard to conclude the superiority on one group because of the similarity of days needed for the improvement. However, superior results with rifampin regimen could be mentioned among the patients with second and third stage of tuberculous meningitis for the clinical improvements. 3) Serial examination of cerebrospinal fluids of the cases in 3 stage revealed no direct relationship either for the clinical improvements or the for ultimate outcome of the patients themselves. C. S. F. improvements were observed in average within one to three weeks. 4) Side effects of fifampin ; the level of SGOT, SGPT and bilirubin at the time of of admission wrer all normal. Twenty-one cases out of 41 patients showed the impairment of liver function after the first to second week of treatment with the dosage of 15-20mg/kg/day. In 3 out of 21 cases, the drug had to be discontinued, owing to the futher elevation of SGOT and SGPT but in 18 out of 21 cases, liver function was gradually normalized within one to two weeks after the dosage of rifampin had been reduced down to 10mg/kg/day. There was no evidence of impairment of liver function on the follow-up evaluation from 4 to 10 months later. And there were no significant changes in Hb, Hct, platelet counts during the course of the therapy. The hepatitis, the well known side effects such as hemolytic anemia, skin rashes and G-I tract disturbance were not observed during the course of treatment. Bases on the above observations that rifampin reduced the motality and shortened the duration of clinical manifestation without the serious side effects except for transient hepatitis, rifampin plus isoniazid would seem to be preferred for the patients who are seen at the late stage of the disease. We know that the number of cases of this study is not enough to draw the definite conclusion of the superiority of rifampin, however, the of these prelininary observations seemed to cast a bright light for the futher trial and follow up observations.
Alanine Transaminase ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Bilirubin ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Child* ; Exanthema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Isoniazid ; Liver ; Platelet Count ; Red Cross ; Rifampin* ; Seoul ; Streptomycin ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal*

PURPOSE: The study purposes were to describe the process of developing the Korean versions of the Six Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance (Six-D) and Student Nurse Stress Index (SNSI) and psychometric evaluation of the two measurements. METHODS: This was a methodology study using a descriptive cross-sectional design with 51 nursing students in 4th year of university. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach alphas. Construct validity was determined by exploring correlations among Six-D, SNSI, objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), self-efficacy and grade point average (GPA). RESULTS: Internal consistency reliability of Six-D and SNSI was acceptable with Cronbach's alpha of .95 and .82. Correlation analysis to determine construct validity revealed that Six-D presented positive correlations with OSCE (r=.109~.272) and self-efficacy (r=.005~.161) and negative correlation with GPA (r=-.246~-.394), although all were not statistically significant. SNSI presented all negative correlations with OSCE (r= -.007~-.238), self-efficacy (r=-.246~-.394), and GPA (r=-.092~-.426) and were mostly statistically significant except OSCE. CONCLUSION: Six-D needs more evidence to confirm validity to predict observed clinical competency and theoretical relationships with self-efficacy and GPA. However, SNSI presented trends of expected relationships with relevant variables. Therefore, further research is recommended in testing validity of Six-D with other student populations.
Asthma ; Humans ; Psychometrics ; Students, Nursing

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to see the correlation between the auditory cognitive evoked potential and the clinical improvement in schizophrenics. METHOD: The subjects were 23 patients with schizophrenia. Auditory cognitive evoked potential was examined at pretreatment or the acute phase of treatment. The change of symptom was assessed by the PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) before drug treatment and in the 4th week of treatment. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) The change of positive subscale was positively correlated with P1 latency(p<.05), N1 latency (p<.05) and negatively correlated with P3 latency(p<.05), P2 amplitude(p<.05). 2) The change of negative subscale was negatively correlated with P3 latency(p<.05). 3) The change of general psychopathology subscale was negatively correlated with P3 latency(<.05). CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that the auditory cognitive evoked potential in schizophrenic patients could be valuable on prediction of clinical improvement. But, further studies are required to support these results.
Evoked Potentials* ; Humans ; Psychopathology ; Schizophrenia

PURPOSE: Feeding problems are common for typically developing children and have negative effects on physical, behavioral, and cognitive development. The purpose of the current study was to examine factors related to childhood feeding problems for typically developing children via parental reports. METHODS: The feeding questionnaire developed by the authors and the Childhood Eating Behavior Inventory (CEBI) were administered to 796 parents of children who recruited from 2 pediatric outpatient clinics (n=379) and community (n=417). Problem eaters (PE) were identified by parental report and frequency analysis was conducted for types of feeding problems and its severity, problem behaviors during mealtime, the feeding methods of the parents, and the need for treatment. RESULTS: The CEBI scores were significantly different between the PE and non-problem eaters (NPE), which suggests that the parental reports were reliable. The younger children had more feeding problems than the older children. The most frequent and severe feeding problems were selective eating and longer mealtimes across all age groups. One-half of the children had more than one problem behaviors during mealtime. Most parents of PE used ineffective methods to deal with children's behaviors during meal time, such as cajoling, which was related to their increased level of stress. Many parents reported their children need professional help for the feeding problems. CONCLUSION: Feeding problems are prevalent among children, especially younger children. Children with feeding problems showed a number of problem behaviors during mealtime and parental coping methods appeared to be ineffective. The need for treatment was considerable, thus the characteristics of this population must be acknowledged for providing proper treatment and advice.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Child ; Eating ; Feeding Behavior ; Feeding Methods ; Humans ; Meals ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the modified constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) for inpatient rehabilitation of the stroke patients. METHOD: Twenty-four patients admitted by subacute or chronic stroke were enrolled and divided into two groups, experimental and control groups. The experimental group (n=13) received the CIMT five days a week for 2 weeks. Less affected arm was restrained for 14 hours a day, practicing purposeful activities with more affected arm for 6 hours a day in group setting. The control group (n=11) received conventional occupational therapy for the same period. The outcome was measured by Fugl-Meyer MotorAssessment (FMA), Brunnstrom stage, Jebsen hand function test, grip strength, Box and Block test, nine hole peg test, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Motor Activity Log (MAL). RESULTS: The experimental group showed significantly higher improvements (p<0.05) in FMA, Brunnstorm stage, Jebsen hand function test, grip strength, Box and Block test, FIM, and MAL. CONCLUSION: Modified CIMT delivered in group setting is considered to be an effective treatment to improve functional use of the hemiparetic arm of stroke patients in inpatient setting.
Arm ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Motor Activity ; Occupational Therapy ; Paresis ; Rehabilitation ; Stroke*

The present study was conducted to provide the basis for improvement of clinical nutrition services through development of job standards of clinical dietitian for the clinical nutrition therapy to cancer patients in hospitals. Developing A Curriculum (DACUM) method was used for job analysis and development of job standards for clinical dietitians for cancer care. Based on DACUM analysis, information about duties, tasks, and task elements of clinical dietitians for cancer care was collected. Developed job standards were applied to clinical nutrition care for cancer patients in hospitals for evaluation. Based on DACUM analysis, consultations from professionals, and field application tests, the final job standards were composed of four duties, 18 tasks, and 56 task elements. The duties consisted of nutritional assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention, and nutrition monitoring.evaluation. For cancer nutrition care, 109 work activities were developed. They were composed of 75 basic and 34 recommended work activities. The application of developed job standards for clinical dietitians for cancer care at 10 hospitals showed a performance rate of 72.3%. In conclusion, job standards for clinical dietitians for cancer care developed in this study might be effectively used as guidelines for providing clinical nutrition services for cancer patients in hospitals.
Curriculum ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Nutrition Assessment ; Nutrition Therapy* ; Nutritionists* ; Referral and Consultation

No abstract available.
Aminophylline* ; Humans* ; Neutrophils* ; Pneumonia* ; Sepsis* ; Superoxides*