We report a case of a large asymptomatic Rathke cleft cyst in a 14-year-old boy. This cyst was of considerable size, measuring 2x1.8x1.8 cm, but did not produce any symptoms and was confined to the suprasellar area. The cyst wall was lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells. The lining epithelium of the Rathke cleft cyst was immnoreactive for cytokeratin, EMA and CEA.
Cysts

No abstract available.

We experienced two cases of occupational asthma induced by Elk dander in Elk-feeders and confirmed these cases by the bronchial provocation test with Elk dander. Both of them showed dual asthmatic response. They also showed positive reaction to the skin prick test with EIK dander. Now one of them has no asthmatic symptoms at all after complete avoidnce of EIK dander.
Asthma, Occupational* ; Bronchial Provocation Tests ; Dander ; Skin

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between nutrient intakes and blood parameters of cardiovascular function in 40 female college students on self-selected diet in Chungnam. Anthropometric measurements, analysis of dietary intakes and blood composition were conducted. Serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, CK-MB, and LDH were measured by biochemical analyzer. The results were summarized as follows. The mean age of the subjects was 22.5+/-7.2 years. The weight, height and BMI were 52.4+/-7.2kg, 161.3+/-5.7cm and 20.2+/-2.4, respectively. Daily energy and lipid intakes were 1634.2+/-437.7kcal and 46.8+/-17.0g. And the ratio of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid to energy intake was 59.2 : 14.5 : 26.3. Serum concentrations appeared to be 61.1+/-24.2mg/dl(triglyceride), 141.2+/-33.0mg/dl(total cholesterol), 64.8+/-20.1mg/dl(HDL-cholesterol), 64.1+/-25.4mg/dl(LDL-cholesterol), 7.2+/-3.2IU/iota (CK-MB), 107.9+/-23.4IU/iota (LDH). In the relation between nutrient intakes and serum parameters, vitamin B1 intake showed positive correlation with triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and CK-MB, respectively(p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.05). Vitamin B2 intake had positive correlation with triglyceride(p<0.05). And vitamin C intake had negative correlation with HDL-cholesterol(p<0.05). From these results, it is suggested that the intakes of micro nutrients such as vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C have relation with cardiovascular function in female college students. However, further systematic research is needed to investigate the functions of micro nutrients in healthy persons for prevention of chronic diseases.
Ascorbic Acid ; Cholesterol ; Chronic Disease ; Chungcheongnam-do* ; Diet ; Energy Intake ; Female* ; Humans ; Riboflavin ; Thiamine ; Triglycerides

PURPOSE: Vitamin D deficiency rickets is a significant public health problem that results from insufficient exposure to sunlight and inadequate vitamin D supplementation. The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical characteristics of vitamin D deficiency rickets in infants. METHODS: Data of 35 infants diagnosed as vitamin D deficiency rickets at Sanggye-Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea, from March 2007 to May 2009 were reviewed. Children with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels <15 ng/mL and 15-30 ng/mL were considered to have vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D insufficiency, respectively. RESULTS: Thirty-five infants (22 boys, 13 girls) were diagnosed with rickets. Mean age at diagnosis was 7.4+/-7.1 months (range: 0.1-29.8 months). Eighteen infants (51%) were vitamin D deficient and seventeen infants (49%) were insufficient. Twenty-eight of all (80%) diagnosed as subclinical rickets. Twenty-nine infants (83%) were below the age of 12months. Twenty infants (57%) had breastfed and ten infants (29%) had iron deficiency anemia. Nine of breastfed infants (45%) were vitamin D deficient and ten of their mothers were vitamin D insufficient. Overall, radiographic evidence of rickets was present in 93% of the cases. Radiographic sign of rickets was evident even in vitamin D insufficient state. CONCLUSION: It is important for the clinician to screen for subclinical vitamin D deficiency rickets in inadequately supplemented infants by pairing 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with wrist radiographs. A nationwide epidemiological study of vitamin D deficiency rickets must be conducted and evidence-based national guidelines must be defined to prevent rickets.
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Mothers ; Plasma ; Public Health ; Rickets ; Sunlight ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; Vitamins ; Wrist

BACKGROUND: It is well known that Korea is one of the endemic areas for viral hepatitis B and those who are positive for HBsAg has been reported to be about 5-10% in Korea. Since the 1980s, research and population education for prevention and vaccination for hepatitis B were implemented in Korea. Therefore, we predicted that the positive rates of HBsAg and Anti-HBs have changed since then. Young adults are considered to be the main candidates for hepatitis B vaccination, and the change in the rate of prevalence of HBsAg and Anti-HBs has been investigated in this study. METHODS: We surveyed 3760 freshmen who were positive for HBsAg and Anti-HBs who were in 1998. HBsAg and Anti-HBs was tested by RPHA/PHA. RESULTS: 3760 students included 2780 males and 980 females(mean age 19.44 years). Among them, 128(3.4%) was positive for HBsAg and 2488(66.2%) was positive for Anti-HBs. The positive rate of HBsAg was 105(3.8%) and that of Anti-HBs was 179(64.7%) among 2780 male students. The positive rate of HBsAg was 23(2.3%) and that of Anti-HBs was 691(70.5%) among 980 female students. CONCLUSIONS: As compared with previous prevalence studies of HBsAg and Anti-HBs, the positive rate of HBsAg was decreased and that of Anti-HBs was increased. The researchers hope that farther study is necessary using wider range of subjects.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens* ; Hope ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Prevalence ; Vaccination ; Young Adult*

In the current years, it has now become necessary to establish standards for micronutrient intake based on scientific evidence. This review discusses issues related to the development of the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRI) for magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), and future research directions. Following issues were encountered when establishing the KDRI for these minerals. First, characteristics of Korean subjects need to be applied to estimate nutrient requirements. When calculating the estimated average requirement (EAR), the KDRI used the results of balance studies for Mg absorption and factorial analysis for Zn, which is defined as the minimum amount to offset endogenous losses for Zn and Mg. For Cu, a combination of indicators, such as depletion/repletion studies, were applied, wherein all reference values were based on data obtained from other countries. Second, there was a limitation in that it was difficult to determine whether reference values of Mg, Zn, and Cu intakes in the 2020 KDRI were achievable. This might be due to the lack of representative previous studies on intakes of these nutrients, and an insufficient database for Mg, Zn, and Cu contents in foods. This lack of database for mineral content in food poses a problem when evaluating the appropriateness of intake. Third, data was insufficient to assess the adequacy of Mg, Zn, and Cu intakes from supplements when calculating reference values, considering the rise in both demand and intake of mineral supplements. Mg is more likely to be consumed as a multi-nutrient supplement in combination with other minerals than as a single supplement. Moreover, Zn-Cu interactions in the body need to be considered when determining the reference intake values of Zn and Cu. It is recommended to discuss these issues present in the 2020 KDRI development for Mg, Zn, and Cu intakes in a systematic way, and to find relevant solutions.

Plasma inorganic fluoride concentrations were measured in adult patients without hepatic or renal disease following sevoflurane-N2O anesthesia (n = 7) or enflurane-N2O anesthesia (n = 6). The anesthetic dosage of sevoflurane and enflurane was 6.48 +/- 2.15 %-hours and 6.57 +/- 2.50 %-hours, respectively. The mean peak plasma inorganic fluoride concentration in the sevoflurane group was 19.5 +/- 13.4 mumol/L 1 hour after anesthesia, which decreased to preanesthetic levels 24 hours after anesthesia. In the enflurane group the values were 13.2 +/- 5.8 mumol/L at the end of anesthesia and decreased, but remained, still twice as high as the preanesthetic level 24 hours after anesthesia. The relationship of plasma inorganic fluoride concentration and anesthetic dosage was more pronounced in the sevoflurane group (r = 0.68, slope = 4.2) than in the enflurane group (r = 0.39, slope = 1.2). In conclusion, sevoflurane-N2O anesthesia results in similar subnephrotoxic levels of plasma inorganic fluoride as enflurane-N2O anesthesia, and although the fluoride concentration had a better correlation to anesthetic dosage in the sevoflurane group than in the enflurane group, its excretion was faster in the sevoflurane group than in the enflurane group.
Adolescent ; Adult ; *Anesthesia, General ; *Anesthetics ; Comparative Study ; *Enflurane ; *Ethers ; Female ; Fluorides/*blood ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; *Nitrous Oxide

No abstract available.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Cholesterol* ; Coronary Angiography* ; Embolism, Cholesterol*

This study was aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of sevaflurane including an adjustability for anesthetic depth and an efficacy in 30 healthy patients who had no previous anesthetic complications or have not experienced general anesthesia within 1 month. After premedication with intramuscular administration of midazolam and glycopyrrolate, anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium and succinylcholine and endotracheal intubation was done for all the patients. Anesthesia was maintained with 0.5 to 2.0 vol% of sevoflurane according to changes of blood pressure in response to surgical stimuli in N2O(2 L/min)-O2(2 L/min) following 4-5 vo1% inhalation for initial 5 minutes. For the muscle relaxation, vecuronium or pancuronium bromide 0.08 mg/kg was injected initially with additional doses in needed. At the end of operation, administration of N2O and sevoflurane was discontinued. Pure oxygen with 5 L/min- flow rates was inhaled until full recovery. The emergence time interval from the discontinuation of sevoflurane to the response of verbal command was about 10 minutes. The systolic blood pressure during operation reduced by 10 mmHg from preinduction value (from 126 to 116 mmHg). And the heart rate just before incision inereased by 14 beats/min from the preinduction value (from 83 beats/min to 97 beats/min). Arterial blood gas study showed mild hyperventilation with PaCO2 of 30 torr during operation, but PaCO returned normocapneic state during spontaneous breathing after recovery from anesthesia. There was no evidence of respiratory depression during perianesthetic periods. Complete blood counts, biochemical studies, serum electrolytes, and urinalysis at the preanesthetic period, the 1st and 7th postoperative days revealed clinically nonisgnificant changes. However SGPT increased to 30 IU/L in the 7th postoperative day from the preoperative value of 13 IU/L. No arrhythmia did occur during anesthesia, and no complaint including headache, nausea and vomiting ect, was seen after recovery.
Alanine Transaminase ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Cell Count ; Blood Pressure ; Electrolytes ; Glycopyrrolate ; Headache ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hyperventilation ; Inhalation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Midazolam ; Muscle Relaxation ; Nausea ; Oxygen ; Pancuronium ; Premedication ; Respiration ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental ; Urinalysis ; Vecuronium Bromide ; Vomiting