PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to provide basic data on the intervention for depression program development and application by analyzing the depression intervention studies for women that were published in Korea Journal (2000~2014). METHODS: The research method used was the integrative review. Nine studies were reviewed from the Nursing Articles and National Assembly Library of which 41 studies were from 126 research papers that met the inclusion criteria and analyzed using MINORS (Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies) and according to general characteristics. RESULTS: There were non-equivalent control group pre-post test design (78%) in research design. 44% of articles in sample size were 14~26 participants and measuring tools were used CES-D (29%), BDI (I & II, 22%), GDSSF-K (22%). In quality of research according to MINORS, most of the papers got 2 scores except for the items of sample size calculation standard. Even though the similar intervention program were reported, the results could not compare because of diverse contents, duration, methods, and measuring tool with intervention program. As the results, aroma, massage, and counseling programs seemed to have significant effects of depression alleviation. CONCLUSION: The standard tailored program and measuring tool for depression alleviation of women was needed to develop.
Counseling ; Depression* ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Clinical Trial* ; Korea* ; Massage ; Nursing ; Program Development ; Research Design ; Sample Size

The purpose of this study was to observe the surface morphology and roughness of micro-hybrid and nano-filled resin composites and compare wear resistance by conducting a toothbrushing wear test with toothpastes with different abrasive ingredients. Two types of resin composites containing micro-hybrid fillers (Z100 Restorative, Filtek Z250) and one type of resin composite containing nanofillers (Filtek Z350 XT) were used. For the toothbrushing wear test, 90 resin composite samples with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 1 mm were prepared. A force of 2 N and 100,000 cycles of brushing were performed using a pin-on-disk wear tester. The toothpastes used in the test were classified into 4 groups according to the abrasive ingredients (hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and zeolite-M). After the toothbrushing wear test, the surface morphology of the samples was observed using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the surface roughness was measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Relatively large filler particles (micro size) protruded from the surface of the micro-hybrid resin composite groups, and small crater-shaped defects were observed. The surface roughness values of the groups that performed the wear test with toothpaste containing zeolite-M were significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05). The surface roughness value was significantly (P<0.05) highest in the group where the nanofilled resin composite was wear-tested with toothpaste containing zeolite-M. However, regardless of the type of toothpaste, the surface roughness showed low values of less than 0.1 μm. The surface appeared uniform and smooth compared to the surface of micro-hybrid resin composites. Finally, the nano-filled resin composite showed relatively higher wear resistance than the micro-hybrid resin composite. This means that wear resistance during brushing may indicate the durability of the material in the clinic.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study compared the efficacy, compliance, and safety of bowel preparation between sodium picosulfate with magnesium citrate (SPMC) and oral sulfate solution (OSS). METHODS: A prospective randomized multicenter study was performed. Split preparation methods were performed in both groups; the SPMC group, 2 sachets on the day before, and 1 sachet on the day of the procedure, the OSS group, half of the OSS with 1 L of water on both the day before and the day of the procedure. The adenoma detection rate (ADR), adequacy of bowel preparation using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) score, patient satisfaction on a visual analog scale (VAS), and safety were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: This study analyzed 229 patients (121 in the SPMC group and 108 in the OSS group). ADR showed no differences between 2 groups (51.7% vs. 41.7%, P>0.05). The mean total BBPS score (7.95 vs. 8.11, P>0.05) and adequate bowel preparation rate (94.9% vs. 96.3%, P>0.05) were similar between the 2 groups. The mean VAS score for taste (7.62 vs. 6.87, P=0.006) was significantly higher in the SPMC group than in the OSS group. There were no significant differences in any other safety variables between the 2 groups except nausea symptom (36.1% vs. 20.3%, P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Bowel preparation for colonoscopy using low volume OSS and SPMC yielded similar ADRs and levels of efficacy. SPMC had higher levels of satisfaction for taste and feeling than did OSS.
Adenoma ; Citric Acid ; Colonoscopy ; Compliance ; Humans ; Magnesium ; Nausea ; Patient Satisfaction ; Prospective Studies ; Sodium ; Visual Analog Scale ; Water

BACKGROUND: Few studies have reported on breakthrough urinary tract infection (UTI) associated with the susceptibility of index UTI to prophylactic antibiotics in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) receiving continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP). We assessed the impact of the susceptibility of index UTI to prophylactic antibiotics in breakthrough UTIs in children with primary VUR receiving CAP. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 81 children with primary VUR who were diagnosed after febrile or symptomatic UTI and subsequently received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) as CAP between January 2010 and December 2013. We allocated children to a susceptible group or a resistant group based on the susceptibility of index UTI to TMP-SMX. We evaluated patient demographics and clinical outcomes after CAP according to the susceptibility of index UTI to TMP-SMX. Multivariate analysis was used to identify the predictive factors for breakthrough UTI. RESULTS: Of the 81 children, 42 were classified into the susceptible group and 39 into the resistant group. The proportion of breakthrough UTI was 31.0% (13/42) in the susceptible group and 53.8% (21/39) in the resistant group (P = 0.037). Progression of renal scarring was observed in 0% of children in the susceptible group and 15% in the resistant group (P = 0.053). Multivariate analysis showed that TMP-SMX resistance and initial renal scarring were significant predictors of breakthrough UTI. CONCLUSION: Susceptibility of index UTI to prophylactic antibiotics is a risk factor of breakthrough UTI and is associated with poor clinical outcomes in children with primary VUR receiving CAP.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Child ; Cicatrix ; Demography ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urinary Tract ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

Titanium mesh is commonly employed to reinforce missing alveolar ridges and promote bone regeneration around implants. However, the bioinertness of titanium mesh must be improved. This study evaluated the effect of improving bioactivity and bone regeneration by loading a calcium phosphate coating layer and ibandronate onto a titanium mesh with a nanotube-structured TiO2 layer. The surface treatment of titanium mesh was divided into four groups: (1) No treatment; (2) Formation of nanotube TiO2 layer; (3) Cyclic calcification pretreatment (calcium phosphate coating layer) after the formation of a nanotube TiO2 layer; (4) Calcium phosphate coating and ibandronate loading after the formation of a nanotube TiO2 layer. The release amount of ibandronate was analyzed using a UV spectrophotometer, and bioactivity was assessed through XRD, EDS, and HR FE-SEM to observe changes in the surface layer after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). Hydroxyapatite was uniformly distributed on the surface of the (4) group immersed in SBF, and calcium and phosphorus content also increased over time. This result supported that bioactivity was improved. The continuous release of ibandronate over 10 days may contribute to realizing a mechanism that improves osseointegration between bone and titanium mesh. These results showed that bioactivity was improved as calcium phosphate precipitated on the surface of the nanostructured titanium mesh. Additionally, it is believed that combined ibandronate can effectively increase the stability of titanium mesh and promote bone regeneration.

Prosthodontic treatment is being performed for morphology and functional restoration due to damage and loss of teeth. As the aesthetic demands of patients increase, interest in ceramic materials with shades and translucency similar to natural teeth has increased.Recently, the manufacturing and processing technology of ceramic materials has greatly improved, and the market for dental ceramic materials is growing rapidly. The purpose of this literature review and evaluation is to provide information on the classification and properties of dental ceramic materials with excellent aesthetics and fracture resistance. In this article, it is classified as follows: I) Dental porcelain; II) Sinterable all-ceramic; III) Glass-ceramic for casting; IV) Glass-infiltrated alumina ceramic; V) Glass-ceramic ingots for heat-pressing technique; Vl) Blocks for CAD/CAM; Vll) Ceramic for CAD/3D printing. Dental ceramic materials and their restoration manufacturing methods have evolved significantly over the past decade. As a result, the manufacturing method of restorations has progressed from the layered firing technique of powdered materials or heat-pressing technique to the cutting and processing of single and multi-layer blocks using CAD/CAM technology, leading to the introduction of CAD/3D printing technology. In this manuscript, we will review the types of ceramic materials used in the fabrication of dental restorations and their advantages and disadvantages.