No abstract available.
Drug Eruptions*

Objectives of this study were to investigate the acceptability of liver sausages, one of the most favorite product of meats, and to examine the applicability of pork liver in manufacturing sausages. Sausages containing different proportions of pork liver were manufactured with various processes and were tested and analysed by means of sensory evaluation. Based on th basic recipe for manufacturing sausages, fifteen recipies were proposed with different combinations of ingredients, followed by evaluations on their physicochemical and nutritional properties. Sausages manufactured with different methods (sliceable, spreadable, smoked spreadable) and different proportions of liver were also evaluated. The Findings from these experiments are summarized as follows: 1. As the percentage of the liver was incresed, outer color of experimental sausages were significantly decreased. 2. The hardness, gumminess, chewiness were significantly decreased as the amount of liver increased. 3. Sausages containing 30% pork liver had best acceptability after swallowing. 4. The flavor and taste of liver in experimental sausages were significantly increased by adding liver. In summary, sausages containing 30% pork liver had best acceptability for consumption in terms of the indices measured in this study.
Deglutition ; Hardness ; Liver* ; Meat ; Smoke

Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS) with intravascular extension is very rare, with only 26 cases having been reported. We experienced a case of LGESS with inferior vena cava (IVC) extension. A 60-year-old female presented with left leg edema. She had a history of total hysterectomy, and was diagnosed of leiomyoma at that time. On imaging study, tumor masses were located around both common iliac veins (CIV), and within the CIV and IVC. The pelvic masses on both side and IVC mass were resected, and then the patient received adjuvant hormonal therapy and radiotherapy over the remnant pelvic masses. LGESS with IVC extension is difficult to distinguish from intravascular leiomyomatosis. LGESS is a malignant disease and commonly recurs, even in early stages. Accurate diagnosis, complete resection, proper adjuvant therapy and close follow-up are very important.
Diagnosis ; Edema ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Iliac Vein ; Korea ; Leg ; Leiomyoma ; Leiomyomatosis ; Middle Aged ; Radiotherapy ; Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal* ; Vena Cava, Inferior*

PURPOSE: To investigate the relation of the gastric epithelial cell proliferation, apoptosis and genotypes of H. pylori in children. METHODS: Histologic grading by updated Sydney system, PCNA immunostaining, TUNEL method and the genotypes (cagA, picB and iceA) by PCR were performed in H. pylori positive (N=20) and negative (N=20) gastric biopsy specimens. RESULTS: PCNA index was significantly different between H. pylori positive children (77.4+/-13.12) and H. pylori negative children (52.3+/-12.20) (p=0.000). There were positive correlations between PCNA index and H. pylori density (r=0.624, p=0.000), polymorphonuclear neutrophil activity (r=0.460, p=0.005) and chronic inflammation (r=0.433, p=0.009). Apoptosis index of H. pylori positive children (0.70+/-0.411) was significantly higher than of H. pylori negative children (0.14+/-0.201) (p=0.000). Positive correlations between apoptosis index and H. pylori density (r=0.691, p=0.000), polymorphonuclear neutrophil activity (r=0.585, p=0.000) and chronic inflammation (r=0.535, p=0.001) were noted. As PCNA index increased, apoptosis index significantly increased (r=0.527, p=0.001). The positive rates of genotypes were cagA 90%, picB 75%, iceA1 60% and iceA2 15%, respectively. There were no significant correlations between the status of the genotypes and PCNA index, apoptosis index, the endoscopic findings and the histologic findings. CONCLUSION: PCNA index and apoptosis index in H. pylori positive children were higher than in H. pylori negative children but were not related to H. pylori genotypes. This study suggested that correlatively increased gastric epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis are important to pathogenesis of H. pylori infection in children.
Apoptosis* ; Biopsy ; Child* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Genotype* ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Inflammation ; Neutrophils ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

PURPOSE: The purpose of study was to compare perceived nursing needs between patients having spinal surgery and the nurses caring for them. METHOD: The participants were from three general hospitals, 71 patients who were having spinal surgery and 63 nurses. Data were collected from September 18 to November 17, 2006. Frequencies, mean, and t-test with the SPSS PC 14.0 program were used to analyze the collected data. RESULTS: The score for perceived nursing needs during pre-op care was significantly different between the patients and nurses (t= -2.515, p= .013). The perceived nursing needs did not show significant differences in scores of perceived nursing needs at post-op or discharge. CONCLUSION: The results provide primary data to improve the quality of nursing care, plan, and implement appropriate nursing care for patients undergoing spinal surgery.
Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Nursing Care ; Spine

PURPOSE: This study was done to describe level of knowledge and performance of pain management by nurses in general hospitals. METHODS: The study was conducted from August 1 to 28, 2014 with 141 nurses from a general hospital in B city. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient with SPSS 20.0. RESULTS: Average correct response rate for knowledge was 62.7%, indicating poor knowledge of pain management. Mean score for knowledge of pain management was 31.33+/-3.24 out of 50(general knowledge about pain 14.02+/-2.18 out of 20, knowledge on use of analgesics 9.21+/-1.97 out of 20, knowledge on analgesic classification 8.16+/-1.00 out of 10). Mean score for performance of pain management was 3.19+/-.44 out of 4. There was significant difference in knowledge of pain management by age. Performance of pain management differed significantly according to age and type of working unit. No significant relationship was found between knowledge and performance of pain management. CONCLUSION: These findings show that nurses who have good knowledge do not always have good performance of pain management. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new strategies to promote performance as well as continued pain management education to increase ability of nurses to manage pain.
Analgesics ; Classification ; Education ; Hospitals, General* ; Pain Management*

mount as used for earlier study prevents bone induced by ovarian hormone deficiency. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 210 +/- 5 g) were divided into two groups, ovariectomy (OVX) and sham surgery groups, which were each randomly divided into two subgroups that were fed casein and soybean protein isolate with rich isoflavones (isoflavones 3.4 mg/g protein). The diets were fed for 9 weeks after operation. The results of this study indicate that body weight gain and food intake were higher in OVX groups than in SHAM groups regardless of diets. Weight gain were higher in soy isolate groups than in casein groups. Serum Ca concentration was lower in OVX rats than in SHAM rats when fed casein diet. Within the OVX groups, serum Ca concentration was higher in rats fed soy isolate diet than in rats fed casein diet. Serum ALP were higher in OVX groups than in SHAM groups. Within the OVX, soy isolate groups, indices of serum osteocalcin, were a trend for greater than those of the OVX casein group. Crosslink value were increased in ovariectomy groups. Spine BMD and femur BMD of ovariectomy groups were significantly lower than SHAM groups. However, soy isolate with rich isoflavones group in ovariectomy groups, spine BMC and femur BMC were significantly increased after 9 weeks. In conclusion, the soy protein with rich isoflavones was beneficial for bone in ovareiectomized rats and the results were similar to the findings of our previous study which showed a beneficial effect on bone in growing rats.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Bone Density* ; Caseins ; Diet ; Eating ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Isoflavones ; Osteocalcin ; Ovariectomy ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Soybean Proteins ; Soybeans* ; Spine ; Weight Gain

BACKGROUND: Health illiteracy is a problem often unrecognized by health care providers. It influences medical costs and the health status of adults. The purposes of this study were to determine the level of health literacy in community-dwelling adults and to identify the factors influencing it. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Chungcheong province. A total of 420 adults aged 18 or older were interviewed by trained nursing students between November 1 to December 30, 2011. Health literacy was measured using the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults. Data were analyzed using the PASW 18.0 program. RESULTS: The mean score of health literacy was 50.64+/-19.18. In the multiple linear regression analysis, health literacy was significantly associated with education (beta=0.17, P=0.001), alcohol use (beta=-0.12, P=0.010), and perceived health status (beta=0.11, P=0.029). These factors accounted for about 7% of health literacy. CONCLUSIONS: Health literacy is a very important public health issue. Our findings showed that educational level, alcohol use and perceived health status should be considered when assessing this issue in patients. Furthermore, the development of a standardized Korean assessment tool for health literacy and specified interventions for enhancing health literacy are needed to improve health outcomes.
Adult* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Gyeonggi-do ; Health Literacy* ; Health Personnel ; Health Status ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Literacy ; Primary Prevention ; Public Health ; Seoul ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: To assess the MR findings of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and to evaluat differential point of cavernous sinus lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven cases of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome were evaluated by MRI with specific regard to the shape of cavernous sinus, signal intensity, and pattern of enhancement. Other associated findings were also anlaysed. RESULTS: Two patients had normal MR features of the cavernous sinus. When compared with the contralateral normal cavernous sinus, the involved cavernous sinus was enlarged in six of the nine patients. The outer dural margin was convex and bulged laterally in 6 cases, flat in 2 cases, and concave in 1 case. Of the nine patients, five had iso-signal intensity and four had low signal intensity relative to gray matter on short TR/short TE. Three had isosignal intensity and 6 were not detectale on long TR/short and long TE pulse sequence. Contrast enhancement was seen in 8 cases ;7 cases showed homogeneous enhancement, 1 case heterogeneous enhancement. CONCLUSION: In the appropriate clinical setting of painful ophthalmoplegia, MR findings of cavernous sinus abnormality that consist of iso to low signal intensity on short TR/short TE images and isointense or undetectale mass on long TR/short TE or long TR/Iong TE images may suggest the dignosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.
Cavernous Sinus ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome*

BACKGROUND: Some cosmetics used for treating acne are considered as cosmeceuticals. Consequently, patients with acne are now more likely to perceive such products as actual treatments. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the awareness and use of cosmetics for acne and to compare them with hospital treatments in terms of efficacy and safety. METHODS: We surveyed patients who presented at the National Medical Center for acne treatment. We collected data on demographics, hospital treatments, kinds of cosmetics for acne, awareness and use of cosmetics for acne, efficacy and adverse effects (cosmetics for acne vs. hospital treatments), and overall patient satisfaction. RESULTS: Of 101 enrolled participants, 94 (mean [SD] age, 25.6 [6.5] years; 59 women) were analyzed. Seventy-one (75.5%) patients used cosmetics for acne. Only 30% perceived that cosmetics for acne were insufficient to treat acne, whereas 45~55% deemed cosmetics for acne as applicable replacements for topical and oral treatments. The participants rated their improvement to be significantly better with hospital treatments than with cosmetics for acne (much improved: 45.1% vs. 2.8%, became worse: 1.4% vs. 8.5%, p<0.01). There were significantly fewer adverse events after hospital treatments than after use of cosmetics for acne. The overall satisfaction scores were significantly higher with hospital treatments than with cosmetics for acne. CONCLUSION: Patients with acne mistakenly believe that cosmetics for acne can replace topical and oral treatments. Dermatologists should disseminate information and educate patients about the proper treatments for acne. Moreover, it is desirable to exclude the word “acne” from the name of cosmeceuticals.
Acne Vulgaris ; Cosmeceuticals ; Demography ; Humans ; Patient Satisfaction