PURPOSE: To investigate the fundus examination rate in diabetic patients and the public health factors associated with the fundus examination rate. METHODS: We analyzed the results of the third Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We investigated the fundus examination rate in patients who had diabetes mellitus for more than 3 months during the previous year and determined the relationship of public health factors with the fundus examination rate. RESULTS: In all 547 patients (38.1%) received the fundus examination out of 1,437 total patients with diabetes mellitus. We found that many public health factors influenced the higher fundus examination rate, including patients who were residents in urban areas, women, office workers, university graduates, patients with a higher family income or more than 5 years duration of diabetes mellitus, patients with current insulin treatment, treatment of diabetes mellitus, education about diabetes mellitus, subjective visual problems or subjective health problems. However, age, marital status, health insurance and residential district did not influence the fundus examination rate. CONCLUSIONS: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is the largest health survey in Korea. This study is meaningful as a population-based study, not a clinic-based cross-sectional study and it suggests the basic data for improving the fundus examination rate in diabetes mellitus patients.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insurance, Health ; Korea ; Marital Status ; Nutrition Surveys ; Public Health

PURPOSE: To present a case of brain abscess formation accompanied by improvement of orbital cellulitis. CASE SUMMARY: A 54-year-old male came to our clinic complaining of swelling and pain of the left periorbital area and decreased visual acuity (VA) of the left eye. Initial best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.3 and intraocular pressure was 27 mmHg in the left eye. Eye movement in all directions was restricted and 4 mm of proptosis was observed in the left eye. An orbital CT scan demonstrated pansinusitis and orbital cellulitis of the left eye. The patient underwent endoscopic sinus surgery and was treated with systemic antibiotics. However, periorbital swelling was aggravated and another orbital CT scan was performed and analyzed. The CT scan showed localized periorbital abscess of the left eye, and the authors performed an incision and drainage (I&D) of abscess procedure. After the operation, BCVA of the left eye was recovered to 0.8 and eye movement improved and periorbital swelling decreased. However, 15 days after the I&D, the patient complained of a severe headache. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed and showed an abscess of the left frontal lobe of the brain. The authors consulted with a neurosurgeon, and the patient received intravenous antibiotics and mannitol. The headache steadily decreased, and three months after the first visit, a follow-up brain MRI was performed. The MRI showed almost complete disappearance of the abscess and six months after the first visit, BCVA was recovered to 1.0 and eye movement was full in all directions. CONCLUSIONS: Although orbital cellulitis is improved by treatment of antibiotics and surgery, if the patient complains of neurologic symptoms such as headache, other complications such as brain abscess formation should be considered.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Brain ; Brain Abscess ; Drainage ; Exophthalmos ; Eye ; Eye Movements ; Follow-Up Studies ; Frontal Lobe ; Headache ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mannitol ; Middle Aged ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Orbit ; Orbital Cellulitis ; Porphyrins ; Sinusitis ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To report a case of IgG4-related sclerosing disease involving the eyelid in an idiopathic sclerosing myositis patient. CASE SUMMARY: A 51-year-old woman presented with swelling, redness, and tenderness of the left lower eyelid of 1 month duration had taken an immunosuppressant for idiopathic sclerosing myositis. Eye movements showed limitation all directions but there was no exophthalmos. A palpable mass was noted in the left lower eyelid. The left extraocular muscles were hypertrophied but the lacrimal gland was normal on orbital magnetic resonance imaging. IgG4-related sclerosing disease was confirmed by immunostained biopsy from the left lower eyelid, showing infiltration of IgG4-positive lymphoplasmacytic cells. The patient was given oral steroids and an immunosuppressant and the symptoms did not recur for at least 7 months. CONCLUSIONS: IgG4-related sclerosing disease involving ocular adnexa usually consists of bilateral lacrimal gland involvement. Additionally, the orbital soft tissue involvement without dacryoadenitis is rare. The authors of the present study report a case of IgG4-related sclerosing disease involving the left lower eyelid in an idiopathic sclerosing myositis patient and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of eyelid masses.
Biopsy ; Dacryocystitis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Exophthalmos ; Eye Movements ; Eyelids* ; Female ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Muscles ; Myositis* ; Orbit ; Steroids

No abstract available.
Amniotic Fluid* ; Female ; Humans ; Thiram*

PURPOSE: This study investigates the current situation and future trends in the field of cataract and refractive surgery in Korea. METHODS: Since 1995, the members of the Korean Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (KSCRS) have been surveyed annually on cataract and refractive surgery. The 2005 annual survey, consisting of 74 multiple-choice questions, was mailed in February 2005 to 364 KSCRS members. Seventy-six (20.8%) members answered. Current data were compared with those of previous annual surveys and with those of annual surveys of ASCRS (American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery) members. RESULTS: The duration of hospitalization has decreased annually and the use of topical anesthesia (49%) has hemained stationary. Self sealing wound construction was the main wound closure technique in phacoemulsification (66%). Acrylic intraocular lenses are the most preferred (75%) for small incisioncataract surgery. The implantation of phakic IOL was performed by 30% of respondents and interests in the value added by IOL has increased annually. CONCLUSIONS: This survey summarized current trends and changes in cataract and refractive surgery in Korea.
Anesthesia ; Cataract* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Hospitalization ; Korea* ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Phacoemulsification ; Postal Service ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Wound Closure Techniques ; Wounds and Injuries

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty combined with the pinch skin excision technique. METHODS: This study followed 15 patients over a six-month period who had undergone transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty combined with the pinch skin excision technique. The follow-up period exceeded 6 months. After subconjunctival injection of local anesthetic, incisions of the conjunctiva and lower lid retractors were made. The exposed fat pads were excised by clamping, excising, and cauterizing the base of the pad. The conjunctiva was closed with a continuous 6-0 Vicryl suture. If there was mild skin excess, a pinch skin excision technique was used. RESULTS: There were no complications (i.e., lower eyelid retraction, ectropion, etc.). All 15 patients were satisfied with the final result. CONCLUSIONS: The transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty combined with the pinch skin excision technique in middle-aged patients with prominent lower eyelid fat and skin excess had lower complication rates and higher patient satisfaction than the transcutaneous approach.
Adipose Tissue ; Blepharoplasty* ; Conjunctiva ; Constriction ; Ectropion ; Eyelids ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Patient Satisfaction ; Polyglactin 910 ; Skin* ; Sutures

PURPOSE: Steatocystoma is a cyst that originates embryologically from hair follicles and usually occurs on the face, chest, back and axillae as multiple lesions and rarely occurs as a solitary lesion. We experienced a case of steatocystoma simplex that developed in the orbit and present our case with a brief review of the literature. CASE SUMMARY: A 44-year-old male presented with a history of palpable mass in the right inferomedial periorbital area that had been slowly growing for a few months. Physical examination revealed a non-tender, soft and round mass. Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit showed 2.0 x 2.0 x 2.0 cm-sized mass in the right inferomedial orbit. We performed excisional biopsy of the orbital mass using transconjunctival approach. The pathological diagnosis was steatocystoma. There was no local recurrence during the postoperative follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: We experienced a rare case of steatocystoma simplex that developed in the orbit. Base on our results, steatocystoma simplex should be considered when diagnosing an orbital mass.
Adult ; Axilla ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Orbit* ; Physical Examination ; Recurrence ; Thorax

PURPOSE: BioSorbFX(R)(BIONX Implant Inc.) and Macropore(R)(Medtronics Inc.) are mesh-type resorbable copolymer plate. This report presents a new model necessary for orbital wall reconstruction, accoding to the operative outcomes of orbital fracture with its use. METHODS: A follow-up on 11 patients was performed to ascertain the operative effects of the mesh-type resorbable material for 6 months. RESULTS: The patients were 7 males and 4 females. The patients' average age was 29.7 years and the mean follow-up period was 8.1 months. The most common site of fracture was inferior wall. In these cases, simultaneous fracture of the medial wall and floor was frequently observed. One case showed limitation of ocular movement, diplopias and enophthalmos simultaneously; 3 cases, enophthalmos and diplopia; 5 cases showed limitation of ocular movement and diplopia; and 2 cases, considerable possibility or the presence of enophthalmos due to extended fracture size. The cases improved remarkably after being operated and none were observed to have worsened. Moreover, serious complications, such as visual loss, the infection of implants, dislocation, exposure, etc., were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, it is considered that the mesh-type resorbable copolymer plate may be safely used in orbital wall reconstruction without conspicuous complication.
Diplopia ; Dislocations ; Enophthalmos ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures

PURPOSE: To compare the aqueous concentrations of cytokines in glaucomatous eyes with those of normal controls and to characterize the clinical factors associated with aqueous cytokine concentration. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, aqueous humor samples were collected from 54 eyes of 54 patients (34 medically treated primary open angle glaucoma and 20 normal controls) during cataract surgery from January 2014 to January 2015. Glaucoma patients were divided into two groups: patients using prostaglandin analogue for more than 6 months (prostaglandin F2α analogue [PGA] user) and patients with no experience of PGA use (PGA non-user). The levels of cytokines (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]1, MMP9, MMP3, vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin [IL]-1, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) in the aqueous of glaucoma and control subjects were quantified using a multiplex cytokine analysis. RESULTS: Aqueous humor collected from the glaucoma patients exhibited significantly increased concentrations of MMP1 (p = 0.002) and MMP9 (p = 0.026). Among glaucoma patients, PGA users showed significantly higher level of MMP 9 compared with PGA non-users (p = 0.003). In the univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses, PGA use (β = 0.351, p = 0.027) and vertical cup-to disc ratio (β = -0.401, p = 0.013) were the significant risk factors associated with the level of MMP9. CONCLUSIONS: Primary open-angle glaucoma showed increased aqueous levels of MMP1 and MMP9. Especially, PGA use for longer than 6 months was associated with increased level of MMP9.
Aqueous Humor* ; Cataract ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cytokines ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle* ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; Interleukins ; Linear Models ; Risk Factors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

PURPOSE: To compare the aqueous concentrations of cytokines in glaucomatous eyes with those of normal controls and to characterize the clinical factors associated with aqueous cytokine concentration. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, aqueous humor samples were collected from 54 eyes of 54 patients (34 medically treated primary open angle glaucoma and 20 normal controls) during cataract surgery from January 2014 to January 2015. Glaucoma patients were divided into two groups: patients using prostaglandin analogue for more than 6 months (prostaglandin F2α analogue [PGA] user) and patients with no experience of PGA use (PGA non-user). The levels of cytokines (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]1, MMP9, MMP3, vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin [IL]-1, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) in the aqueous of glaucoma and control subjects were quantified using a multiplex cytokine analysis. RESULTS: Aqueous humor collected from the glaucoma patients exhibited significantly increased concentrations of MMP1 (p = 0.002) and MMP9 (p = 0.026). Among glaucoma patients, PGA users showed significantly higher level of MMP 9 compared with PGA non-users (p = 0.003). In the univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses, PGA use (β = 0.351, p = 0.027) and vertical cup-to disc ratio (β = -0.401, p = 0.013) were the significant risk factors associated with the level of MMP9. CONCLUSIONS: Primary open-angle glaucoma showed increased aqueous levels of MMP1 and MMP9. Especially, PGA use for longer than 6 months was associated with increased level of MMP9.
Aqueous Humor* ; Cataract ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cytokines ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle* ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; Interleukins ; Linear Models ; Risk Factors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A