The purpose of study was to develop and validate Korean Sleep Scale A which can be easily administrated by nurse for a wide range of adult subjects. Dimensions of adult concept were derived by literature review. Previously developed sleep scales were also analyzed in order to develop scales items. The Korean sleep scale A was structured as a 15 item, 4 point like type scale. The Scale was tested an 298 female and male adult subjects after pilottest and content validation. The results showed reliability by internal consistency of Cronbach's alpha=75 Construct validity was tested by factor analysis and known group technique. Factor analysis showed 4 factor-sleep pattern, sleep evaluation, sleep result, and cause of sleep disturbance. Theses four factors explained 55.9% of total variance. Correlations between factors ranged from .15-.32. There was correlation among Korean Sleep Scale A score, Verran and Snyder-Halpern(VSH) Sleep Scale scale, and sleep satisfaction scale score, r= .71(p=.00), r=.51(p=.03), respectively. These study results partially support reliability, construct validity, and criterion related validity of Korean Sleep Scale A. Further validation study is required with other subjects and other settings.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Weights and Measures

Because melanocytes are found throughout the leptomeninges, primary melanotic pigmented tumors such as pigmented meningioma, malignant melanoma, melanoblastosis, and melanocytoma can arise from this region. Melanocytomas have been described in the literature as isodense or hyperdense compared with brain parenchyme, as seen on noncontrast-enhanced CT, and as showing relatively homogeneous enhancement. MR imaging demonstrates a high signal on T1-weighted images, and an iso to hypointense signal on T2- weighted images. We report the imaging findings of a melanocytoma that showed hyperdense attenuation on precontrast CT with homogeneous enhancement and hyperintense signal intensity on T1-weighted images and dark signal intensity enhancement on T2-weighted images, and also review the literature.
Brain ; Cerebellopontine Angle* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Melanocytes ; Melanoma ; Meninges ; Meningioma

Varieties of telepathology system had been developed and in use, but their functional capability and diagnostic accuracy are considered to be inferior to those of conventional optical microscope. This study is intended to find out: 1) the diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility rate according to the input devices and the video signals; 2) any potential technical problems of the telepathology system; 3) any possible physical and psychological impacts. We devised a virtual telepathology system using our existing microscope equipped with CCD camera unit that has no restriction of network speed. Total fifty-five surgical pathology cases from 11 different organs were selected. Three pathologists were involved in making diagnoses. The resulting diagnostic accuracies were: 1 CCD camera with composite video signal was 86.2%; 3 CCD camera with composite video signal was 93.1%; 3 CCD camera with component video signal was 95.0%. The 3 CCD camera with component video signal resulted in 95.0% diagnostic accuracy and was superior to 1 CCD camera with composite video signal. Some technical problems noted during this study were: the visual field of the virtual telepathology system was smaller by 43% than that of microscope; the difference of cell sizes between microscope and monitor; low resolution of image. Some physical and psychological symptoms were noted.
Cell Size ; Diagnosis ; Pathology, Surgical ; Telepathology* ; Visual Fields

Adenosquamous carcinoma of stomach is a mixed glandular-epidermoid tumor where both components are neoplastic. Its incidence is extremely rare. The five theories on the origin of squamous components are 1) island of ectopic squamous epithelium in the gastric mucosa, 2) squamous metaplasia of gastric epithelium, 3) squamous differentiation in a preexisting adenocarcinoma, 4) endothelial cell differentiated toward squamous elements, and 5) totipotential undifferentiated cells of the gastric mucosa. We experienced three cases of adenosquamous carcinoma. Case 1 was a 71-year-old female patient; an ulcerative lesion was present in the pylorus, measuring 5 cm in diameter. Case 2 was a 57-year-old male patient; an ulcerative lesion is present in the pylorus, measuring 6 cm in diameter. Case 3 was a 58-year-old female patient; an ulcerative lesion was present in the body and fundus, measuring 10 cm in diameter. Microscopic examination revealed a mixed malignant squamous and adenomatous component.
Adenocarcinoma ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous* ; Endothelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Metaplasia ; Middle Aged ; Pylorus ; Stomach* ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: This study aims to develop a tool to predict occupational health patients' nursing needs or nursing time. METHOD: A tool was composed based on the materials and opinion of experts, and to verify the reliability and validity of the tool, nursing time of total 311 inpatients in 2 occupational health hospitals were surveyed. RESULTS: The developed tool was total 151 items and composed of physical function, cognitive function, communication, emotional and disturbance behavior, nursing skill, and rehabilitation need. The reliability of the tool was high, showing Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.95. But several items should be deleted for low corrected item-total correlation. According to the multiple regression analysis, physical function and rehabilitation need were shown to be the most powerful predictive variables for nursing time. CONCLUSION: The developed tool was appeared to have high reliability and validity. But further refinement of the tool is needed.
Accidents, Occupational ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Occupational Health ; Reproducibility of Results

To determine effects of the direction of the rotational work shifting on the circadian rhythm and adaptation of physiological and psychological components were investigated with nursing students. Two groups of seven volunteers participated as experimental subjects, and eight nursing students participated as a control group. The directions of rotation work shift were as follows : CW(clockwise)-shift system rotation in the direction of day shift(3 lays), evening shift(3days), off duty(1day) and night shift(5days). and CCW(counterclockwise)-shift system rotation in the reverse direction. Urinary free cortisol and 17-hydroxycorticoster oids in the urine were measured by the solid-phase radioimmunoassay and the colorimetry methods, re spectively. Plasma melatonin was measured by radioimmunoassay. The urinary free cotisol rhythm changed to ir-regular on the evening and night shift in the CCW shift system, whereas the rhythm seems to adapt on night shift in the CW shift system. The daily rhythms of urinary 17-OHCS indicate that they are well synchronized to shift work. These results show that the rotation of shift in the CW direction is more acceptable in terms of the adaptation of hormonal rhythms. These results indicate that the CCW rotation of shift work makes it more difficult for the workers to adapt on a physiological level, and has many more negative effects on nurses when compared with the CW rotation. Thus, a clockwise rotating shift systern seems to be more desirable for the optimal health and performance of nurses.
Circadian Rhythm* ; Colorimetry ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone* ; Melatonin ; Plasma ; Radioimmunoassay ; Students, Nursing ; Volunteers

Sclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPA) of the salivary glands is a rare entity analogous to fibrocystic disease of the breast. Less than 50 cases of SPA have been published in the literature. We report the first Korean case of SPA of the right parotid gland. A 34-year-old man presented with a slowly growing right parotid mass. Computed tomography showed a relatively well-demarcated, heterogeneously enhancing mass with multiple small calcifications. Fine needle aspiration showed cohesive sheets of epithelial cells with granular oncocytic cytoplasm and scattered lymphocytes. The parotidectomy specimen showed a 3 cm-sized solid nodular lesion with small cysts. Microscopically, the lesion was an unencapsulated mass of sclerotic fibrous tissue with cystic ducts, multiple calcifications, and lymphoplasma cell infiltration. Sclerosing adenosis and cystic ducts with frequent apocrine-like cells were noted. Familiarity with the cytologic and histological features of SPA is very important making the correct diagnosis.
Adult ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Breast ; Cystic Duct ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Parotid Gland ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Salivary Glands

Sclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPA) of the salivary glands is a rare entity analogous to fibrocystic disease of the breast. Less than 50 cases of SPA have been published in the literature. We report the first Korean case of SPA of the right parotid gland. A 34-year-old man presented with a slowly growing right parotid mass. Computed tomography showed a relatively well-demarcated, heterogeneously enhancing mass with multiple small calcifications. Fine needle aspiration showed cohesive sheets of epithelial cells with granular oncocytic cytoplasm and scattered lymphocytes. The parotidectomy specimen showed a 3 cm-sized solid nodular lesion with small cysts. Microscopically, the lesion was an unencapsulated mass of sclerotic fibrous tissue with cystic ducts, multiple calcifications, and lymphoplasma cell infiltration. Sclerosing adenosis and cystic ducts with frequent apocrine-like cells were noted. Familiarity with the cytologic and histological features of SPA is very important making the correct diagnosis.
Adult ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Breast ; Cystic Duct ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Parotid Gland ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Salivary Glands

Splenic abscess is uncommon, but often fatal entity characterized by high mortality rate which ranges from 60 to 100%, due to nonspecific clinical presentation and failure to preoperative definitive diagnosis. Clinical symptom or simple X-ray was not helpful in diagnosing splenic abscess. Perhaps the most useful information was obtained from the scanning and computerized tomography. Emphasis is placed on the necessity for prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention when splenic abscess was suspected. We have experienced three cases of splenic abscess. Case 1 was a 59 year-old male patient; the cause was possibly direct spreading from pancreatitis; The culture demonstrated klebsiella oxytoca. Case 2 was a 42 year-old female patient; the abscess was produced by preceding infarct. Case 3 was a 64 year-old female; metastatic adenocarcinoma was identified in the soft tissue around spleen, that suggest causative factor. All three cases showed multiple abscesses.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Mortality ; Adenocarcinoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Splenic abscess is uncommon, but often fatal entity characterized by high mortality rate which ranges from 60 to 100%, due to nonspecific clinical presentation and failure to preoperative definitive diagnosis. Clinical symptom or simple X-ray was not helpful in diagnosing splenic abscess. Perhaps the most useful information was obtained from the scanning and computerized tomography. Emphasis is placed on the necessity for prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention when splenic abscess was suspected. We have experienced three cases of splenic abscess. Case 1 was a 59 year-old male patient; the cause was possibly direct spreading from pancreatitis; The culture demonstrated klebsiella oxytoca. Case 2 was a 42 year-old female patient; the abscess was produced by preceding infarct. Case 3 was a 64 year-old female; metastatic adenocarcinoma was identified in the soft tissue around spleen, that suggest causative factor. All three cases showed multiple abscesses.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Mortality ; Adenocarcinoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis