PURPOSE: In vitro sonography of lymph nodes was performed to ascertain the differential point between benignancy and malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninty-one lymph nodes were obtained at gastric cancer surgery and pathologically proved as benignancy in 68 and malignancy in 23 cases. Sohographic and pathologic correlation of resected ninty one lymph nodes was done in terms of size, the ratio of longest diameter versus shortest diameter, central hyperechogenicity, and peripheral cortical echo. RESULTS: Sonographic findings of benign lymph node were small size, oval shape(85%), narrow central high echogenicity(44%), and symmetric cortical thickening(41%). Sonographic findings of malignant lymph node were large size, round contour(39%), loss of central high echogenicity(82%), and diffuse increase of cortical thickness(82%). CONCLUSION: The most reliable sonographic criterion for differentiation of benignancy from malignancy was size of a lymphnode.
Lymph Nodes* ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Ultrasonography

The purpose of study was to develop and validate Korean Sleep Scale A which can be easily administrated by nurse for a wide range of adult subjects. Dimensions of adult concept were derived by literature review. Previously developed sleep scales were also analyzed in order to develop scales items. The Korean sleep scale A was structured as a 15 item, 4 point like type scale. The Scale was tested an 298 female and male adult subjects after pilottest and content validation. The results showed reliability by internal consistency of Cronbach's alpha=75 Construct validity was tested by factor analysis and known group technique. Factor analysis showed 4 factor-sleep pattern, sleep evaluation, sleep result, and cause of sleep disturbance. Theses four factors explained 55.9% of total variance. Correlations between factors ranged from .15-.32. There was correlation among Korean Sleep Scale A score, Verran and Snyder-Halpern(VSH) Sleep Scale scale, and sleep satisfaction scale score, r= .71(p=.00), r=.51(p=.03), respectively. These study results partially support reliability, construct validity, and criterion related validity of Korean Sleep Scale A. Further validation study is required with other subjects and other settings.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between abdominal obesity, benign prostatic hyperplasia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A total of 318 male subjects aged 50 years and older participated in this study after excluding the subjects with cancer or missing information about diabetes or hypertension from five outpatient clinics in Seoul and the suburbs. Abdominal obesity was evaluated using visceral fat area, and the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia was assessed via the International Prostate Symptom Score. The presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was determined by questionnaire. RESULTS: Abdominal obesity was related with benign prostatic hyperplasia and both abdominal obesity and benign prostatic hyperplasia were related with the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with abdominal obesity exhibited a higher prevalence rate of hypertension and diabetes mellitus than those without abdominal obesity. In patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, abdominal obesity exhibited a significantly association with the presence of diabetes mellitus, but no association was observed regarding the prevalence of hypertension. CONCLUSION: Benign prostatic hyperplasia and abdominal obesity increase the prevalence rate of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, respectively. In particular, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, but not hypertension, was associated with abdominal obesity in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Male ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Prevalence ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Autopsy* ; Hydrops Fetalis*

The gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors (GIMTs) form a heterogenous group with controversy centering on both the cell of origin and the prediction of clinical behavior. They include a small group of tumors with mature smooth muscle or Schwann cell differentiation and a larger group with inconsistent or no evidence of differentiation. Tumors in the latter are now referred to as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study was performed on 53 cases of GIMTs to identify cellular differentiation and predictors of clinical behavior. Fifty three cases of GIMTs could be histologically and immunophenotypically divided into three categories, 6 leiomyomas (11.3%), 4 schwannomas (7.6%), and 43 GISTs (81.1%). All leiomyomas (SMA desmin ) and schwannomas (S-100 ) were located in stomach and negative for CD34 and CD117. Thirty nine cases of GISTs were either CD34 (n=26) or CD117 (n=23) immunoreactive. Of these 39 GISTs, 26 were negative for myoid (SMA, desmin) and neural marker (S-100), 10 SMA desmin-S-100-, two SMA-desmin-S-100 , and one SMA desmin-S-100 . Two out of 4 GISTs, which were negative for CD34 and CD117, were immunohistochemically considered leiomyosarcoma (SMA desmin ). GISTs of small intestine had a tendency to be malignant than those of stomach. Pathologic grade of GISTs was not correlated with cellular differentiation. In 29 GISTs with clinical follow-up information, tumor size, mitotic counts, Ki-67 labelling index, tumor necrosis, mucosal invasion, and CD34 expression were significantly correlated with metastasis/recurrence.
Cell Differentiation ; Desmin ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; Intestine, Small ; Leiomyoma ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Muscle, Smooth ; Necrosis ; Neurilemmoma ; Stomach

Spinal epidural abscesses were evaluated using Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 19 surgically and clinically confirmed cases, including 13 with tuberculous spondylitis and 6 with pyogenic spondylitis. We observed rim enhancement patterns in 10 patients and diffuse enhancement patterns in 9 patients. The spread patterns were localized to ventral or dorsal epidural space and encircled entire epidural space. We conclude that rim enhancement indicates abscess and diffuse enhancement indicates granulation tissue and fibrosis. Tuberculous epidural abscess spreads to ventral epidural space and pyogenic epidural abscess encircles entire epidural space.
Abscess ; Epidural Abscess* ; Epidural Space ; Fibrosis ; Granulation Tissue ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Spondylitis

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the perceived relationship among professional self-concept, head nurse's leadership, and nursing clinical competency by clinical nurses. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional survey. Participants were 601 nurses working at the five general hospitals in four provincial cities, Gyeungbuk, Korea. Data were collected from July 14, 2010 to August 31 and analyzed by SPSS/PC ver 18.0 programs. RESULTS: Professional self-concept and head nurse's leadership were slightly above the middle average, but nursing clinical competency was good. According to participants' age, marital status, job satisfaction, and length of service, there were perceptional differences in professional self-concept, head nurse's leadership, and nursing clinical competency. Nursing clinical competency could be explained by head nurse's leadership, professional self-concept, job satisfaction and length of service. Head nurse's leadership was independent variable affecting nursing clinical competency, professional self-concept was partial mediating variable, and job satisfaction and length of service were extraneous variables. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that head nurse's leadership is more important than professional self-concept to improve nursing clinical competency. Nursing managers should plan various strategies to improve head nurse's leadership and professional self-concept, to increase clinical nurses' job satisfaction and length of service.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Head ; Hospitals, General ; Job Satisfaction ; Korea ; Leadership ; Marital Status ; Negotiating

Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) is a conjugation enzyme in the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous lipophilic compounds for their excretion and detoxification. Acidic isozyme of GST, GST-Pi, has been recognized as a preneoplastic marker in the experimental hyperplastic nodules of liver in rats, and GST-Pi is abundant in the squamous cells of the skin, also. This histochemical study was carried out to evaluate the distribution and the relationship between the differentiation status of squamous cells in dysplastic or neoplastic epithelium in various organs. The human placental form of glutathione S-transferase (GST-Pi) were stained immunohistochemically with specific anti GST-Pi rabbit antibody in 23 cases of human squamous cell carcinomas. The patients consisted of 14 cases from the uterine cervix, 3 cases from the esopahgus, 3 cases from the lung and 3 cases from the larynx. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Basal cells in normal mucosa were stained negative for GST-Pi while superficial keratinocytes were stained moderately positive. Basal dysplastic cells were stained negatively or weakly positive. Carcinoma cells especially large cells either keratinizing or nonkeratinizing were stained moderately to strongly. Carcinoma cells surrounding keratin pearl were strongly reacted with GST-Pi than other carcinoma cells. 2. Differentiated cells of squamous cell carcinoma showed moderate to strong positive reaction to GST-Pi staining irrespective of its site of origin. 3. Therefore, Immunohistochemical staining pattern of GST-Pi in various squamous carcinoma cells showed similar immunohistochemical reaction to the GST-pi, which is closely correlated to the degree of differentiation, keratinigation and also suggested that squamous carcinoma cells had abundant GST-Pi related detoxifying system.
Humans ; Rabbits ; Animals

No abstract available.
Family Practice* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Internship and Residency*

No abstract available.
Hypothyroidism*