PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an information protocol for anxiety and nursing satisfaction of family caregivers. The caregivers were caring for a family member who had a CVA (cerebrovascular accident) and who had been admitted to the ICU (intensive care unit). METHOD: The research design was a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Data were collected from April 1 to October 31, 2005 at D hospital in Busan City. The participants were 40 family caregivers of patients with a CVA admitted to the ICU. Caregivers in the experimental group participated in the information protocol for 30 min. Both groups were pre-tested before the intervention for two variables, anxiety and nursing needs. The post-test of both groups included anxiety and nursing satisfaction. The instruments used in this study were the Spielberger's state anxiety inventory (1976) and the nursing satisfaction scale developed by Molter (1979). RESULTS: Anxiety scores were significantly lower and nursing satisfaction scores were significantly higher for caregivers in the experimental group compared to those in the control group. CONCLUSION: The information protocol was effective in reducing anxiety and increasing the level of nursing satisfaction of family caregivers caring for an ICU patients with a CVA.
Anxiety* ; Busan ; Caregivers* ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Research Design ; Stroke*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of the SBAR-Collaborative Communication Program on nurses' communication skills and on collaboration between nurses and doctors. METHODS: From March 11 to November 11, 2013, data were collected from 180 hospital nurses working in a university hospital in Gyeonggi province. Outcomes were measured at three time intervals; before, three and six months after the program was completed. RESULTS: After participating in this program, there was a significant increase in nurses'communication skills but not in collaboration between nurses and doctors. None of the participants' general categories influenced nurses'communication skills at pre-test, but age, education level, total years of working and work department significantly influenced scores at 3 and 6 months. Work department was the only category for which there was a significant difference in collaboration between nurses and doctors at pre-test, and education level and work department were related to significant improvement at 6 months. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that this program can improve communication skills for nurses and also, collaboration between nurses and doctors, especially for nurses under 25 years of age. Thus nursing and hospital managers should provide SBAR-Collaborative Communication Programs to new nurses in their job training.
Cooperative Behavior* ; Education ; Gyeonggi-do ; Nursing

The Editorial Office of Obstet Gynecol Sci would like to correct the author's name. The Editorial Office apologizes for any inconvenience that it may have caused.

PURPOSE: Keywords describe the medical concepts of articles in the medical literature. They provide many benefits to those creating databases, to indexers who are cross-indexing scientific articles, and to users by providing easy access to sources. Hence, it is important for authors to choose keywords that are accurate and that correspond to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The objectives of this study were to investigate whether English keywords used in the Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine (KJEM) coincide with MeSH terms, and to understand the major errors in MeSH term selection. METHODS: To analyze how accurately authors of KJEM use MeSH terms, keywords provided by authors (author terms) were compared with terms listed in the corresponding MeSH browser. We analyzed keywords from 356 articles of the KJEM that were published between 2005 and 2006 and between 2008 and 2009. We investigated frequently used keywords and what percentage of keywords agree with MeSH terms using the MeSH browser. RESULTS: A total of 1,153 author terms were used as keywords in the 356 KJEM articles. There were on average 5.91 authors and 3.24 keywords per article. The keywords that appeared most frequently (in descending order) were cardiac arrest, emergency medical services, ultrasonography, emergency department (medicine), and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The number of terms in precise agreement with MeSH headings was 584 (50.7%); 260 terms (22.5%) were not found in the MeSH browser;60 terms (5.2%) had only a trivial difference from MeSH terms; 203 terms (17.6%) including entry terms, and 46 terms (4.0%) matched MeSH subheadings. CONCLUSION: Many keywords used in the KJEM did not agree with MeSH terms. We conclude that medical authors should be educated in the proper use of MeSH terms in their research and subsequent publication.
Abstracting and Indexing as Topic ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Medicine ; Heart Arrest ; Medical Subject Headings ; Publications

OBJECTIVE: Human embryonic stem (ES) cells have a great potential in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The human ES cells could be differentiated into specific cell types by treatments of growth factors and alterations of gene expressions. However, the efficacy of guided differentiation and isolation of specific cells are still low. In this study, we characterized isolated cells from differentiated human ES cells by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) system using specific antibodies to cell surface markers. METHODS: The undifferentiated hES cells (Miz-hESC4) were sub-cultured by mechanical isolation of colonies and embryoid bodies were spontaneously differentiated with DMEM containing 10% FBS for 2 weeks. The differentiated cells were isolated to positive and negative cells with MACS system using CD34, human epithelial antigen (HEA) and human fibroblast (HFB) antibodies, respectively. Observation of morphological changes and analysis of marker genes expression were performed during further culture of MACS isolated cells for 4 weeks. RESULTS: Morphology of the CD34 positive cells was firstly round, and then it was changed to small polygonal shape after further culture. The HEA positive cells showed large polygonal, and the HFB positive spindle shape. In RT-PCR analysis of marker genes, the CD34 and HFB positive cells expressed endodermal and mesodermal genes, and HEA positive cells expressed ectodermal genes such as NESTIN and NF68KD. The marker genes expression pattern of CD34 positive cells changed during the extension of culture time. CONCLUSION: Our results showed the possibility of successful isolation of specific cells by MACS system from undirected differentiated human ES cells. Thus, MACS system and marker antibodies for specific cell types might be useful for guided differentiation and isolation of specific cells from human ES cells.
Antibodies ; Ectoderm ; Embryoid Bodies ; Endoderm ; Fibroblasts ; Gene Expression ; Humans* ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mesoderm ; Nestin ; Regenerative Medicine ; Tissue Engineering

Nonsurgical endoscopic or percutaneous dilatation and insertion of an endoprosthesis is the treatment of choice in the majority of patiens with incurabie malignant biliary obsturction. But these palliative treatment of extrahepatic cholestasis with an endoscopic or percutaneous biliary endoprosthesis is limited by clogging. One of the factors thought to be of importance is the diameter of the stent. So in order to avoid being limited by the size of the instrumentation channel of the endoscope, expandable stents have been developed. Wallstent is braided in the form of a tubular mesh from surgical grade stainless alloy. This prosthesis is geometrically stable, pliable and self expanding. Its elastic properties are such that its diameter can be substantially reduced by moderate elongation. The stent is constrainded on a small diameter delivery catheter(total outside diameter: 9 French). During the implantation procedure the final position of the partially released endoprosthesis can be adjusted by gradual removal of the delivery catheter. If full expansion to 30 French occurs, the stent will be shortened by approximately 30% to their normal length range between 34-102mm. Now in this article we report a new method for endoscopic retrograde placement of biliary Wallstent in a patient with obsturctive jaundice due to periampullary choangiocacrcinoma.
Alloys ; Catheters ; Cholestasis, Extrahepatic ; Dilatation ; Endoscopes ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Palliative Care ; Prostheses and Implants ; Stents

This study was conducted to investigate the influences of factors on binocularity in accommodative esotropia. On the basis of sensory tests, patients were divided into two groups, bifixation and monofixation. Bifixation, defined as stereopsis of 50 seconds or better, was present in 57 patients (62%). Monofixation (peripheral fusion) was present in the remaining 35 patients (38%). The first hyperopic glasses were significantly more likely to be prescribed to patients with bifixation than to those with monofixation while the esotropia is still intermittent(p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the bifixation and monofixation groups for age of onset of strabismus, amount of hyperopia, presence of amblyopia and anisometropia, time intervals between onset of strabismus and prescription of hyperopic glasses. In summary, maintenance of bifixation is possible in accommodative esotropia by effective therapeutic intervention during the intermittent phase.
Age of Onset ; Amblyopia ; Anisometropia ; Depth Perception ; Esotropia* ; Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Prescriptions ; Strabismus ; Telescopes*

No abstract available.
Amniotic Fluid* ; Female ; Humans ; Obstetric Labor, Premature* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women*

Intraosseous lipoma is a very rare primary tumor of the bone. We report four cases of intraosseous lipoma. The patient ranged in age from 34 to 59-year-old (median age: 35 year-old). There were three men and one woman. All of four cases presented with pain. The involved bones were calcaneus in two cases, tibia in one case and ilium in one case, respectively. In all cases plain x-ray film revealed well-defined lytic lesion. Their size ranged 2 to 4.5 cm (mean size: 3.5 cm). Histologic examination showed mature adipose tissue. Three cases showed secondary changes such as atrophic bone, fat necrosis, fibrosis, dystrophic calcification, and reactive ischemic bone formation. The clinicopathologic and roentgenographic correlation are necessary in establishing correct diagnosis of this tumor.
Adipose Tissue ; Calcaneus ; Diagnosis ; Fat Necrosis ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Ilium ; Lipoma* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteogenesis ; Tibia ; X-Ray Film

PURPOSE: Bisphosphonates are widely used for the management steroid-induced osteoporosis (SIO) in children. With the increasing use of bisphosphonates, there have been reports of abnormal radiological findings in the growing skeleton. Therefore, their use in pediatric patients remains controversial. The present study was conducted to evaluate the long-term follow-up radiographic features, particularly metaphyseal sclerotic lines, in children who receive pamidronate therapy for nephropathy. METHODS: Twenty-four children with nephropathy treated with oral calcium and pamidronate (mean duration, 9 months; dose, 100 mg daily), were evaluated retrospectively. All patients had SIO secondary to chronic glucocorticoid therapy for treating nephropathy. Long bone radiographic imaging was performed before treatment with pamidronate, and at follow-up, several years later. Physeal growth rates were estimated by measuring the distance that the sclerotic lines moved on the radiographs during the corresponding time intervals. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 138 months. Long bone radiographs showed well-defined sclerotic lines at the metaphyseal ends, progressively moving from the physeal plate to the diaphysis, in all patients. The mean rate of movement of the sclerotic line was 6.21 mm per year. In 12 patients, the lines disappeared. The mean rate of growth in height was 7.33 cm per year. CONCLUSIONS: Results of long-term follow-up suggest that the metaphyseal sclerotic lines associated with pamidronate treatment tend to disappear without affecting overall skeletal growth. Bisphosphonate treatment for SIO in children with nephropathy seems to be safe, although further studies in larger number of patients are needed.
Calcium ; Child* ; Diaphyses ; Diphosphonates ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Osteoporosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Skeleton