No abstract available.
Cytomegalovirus Infections* ; Cytomegalovirus*

PURPOSE:Recent studies proposed that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the omega6 series (linoleic acid, LA) compared to the omega 3 series (linolenic acid, LNA) may be a potent promoters of adipogenesis during the gestation/lactation period. Increased ratio of LA/LNA may stimulate adipose tissue development during gestation/lactation period and may subsequently lead to chilhood obesity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate fatty acids composition of the breast milk in Korean lactating women and to analyze the relationship between LA/LNA and the body weight gain of the infants. METHODS:Fifty eight healthy postpartum lactating women and their healthy 58 breast feeding infants were studied. At 11.3+/-3.9 days of postpartum, breast milk were taken and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography with one-step methylation method. RESULTS:The total fat contents in breast milk were 3.2+/-1.3%. The total fat contents in breast milk were not related to maternal BMI or Kaup index of infants. The percentage of PUFA was 24.9+/-6.0%. Among these PUFA, the percentage of LA and LNA was 20.3+/-5.8% and 2.2+/-0.8%, respectively. LA/ LNA ratio was 10.2+/-2.5. There were no significant correlations between LA/LNA ratio and infant weight gain during the first 2 months of life. CONCLUSION: Short term weight gain of infant was not related to the LA/LNA ratio in the breast milk. Further studies on the long term effects on fat percent and body weight of infants would be needed.
Adipogenesis ; Adipose Tissue ; alpha-Linolenic Acid ; Body Weight* ; Breast Feeding ; Breast* ; Chromatography, Gas ; Fatty Acids* ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Female ; Humans ; Infant* ; Linoleic Acid ; Methylation ; Milk, Human* ; Obesity ; Postpartum Period ; Weight Gain

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to deterrnine the efficacy of maternal corticosteroid therapy on the morbidity of premature infants between 26 and 31 weeks' gestation. METHOD: A total of 62 premature infants between 26 and 31 weeks gestation admitted to pediatric department of National Medical Center from Nov, 1990 to June 1996 were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of prenatal corticosteroid therapy on the morbidity such as hyaline membrane disease, intreventricular hernorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, neonatal death, days on ventilation and hospital days. RESULT: Among 62 women who delivered premature infants between 26 and 31 weeks, 22 received betamethasone before delivery and 40 did not. 1) The rate of hyaline membrane disease was less in the betamethasone group (41% vs. 70%, P<0.05). 2) The rate of intracranial hemorrhage was less in the betamethasone group (0 vs. 20%, P<0.05). 3) The days of ventilator care was less in the betamethasone group among survival cases (27+/-3.2 vs. 5.2+/-4.6, P<05). 4) Arnong 14 women who delivered at 26 to 28 weeks, 4 received betamethasone before delivery and 10 did not. The rate of neonatal death was less in the betamethasone group (o% vs. 80%, P<0.05). 5) Among 48 women who delivered at 29 to 31 weeks, 18 received betamethasone before delivery and 30 did not. The rate of hyaline membrane disease was less in the betamethasone group (39% vs. 73%, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Betamethasone appears to reduce hyaline membrane disease, intraven- tricular hemorrhage, neonatal death and the morbidity significantly in premature infants between 26 and 31 weeks' gestation.
Betamethasone ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyaline Membrane Disease ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Pregnancy ; Sepsis ; Ventilation ; Ventilators, Mechanical

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Conization* ; Female

OBJECTIVE: Adult onset Still s disease is an acute systemic inflammatory disorder. There are no pathognomonic symptoms or specific laboratory abnormalities. In recent reports, serum ferritin concentration is increased in active disease phase and decreased after defervescence. Our purpose was to determine the clinical significance of serum ferritin as an indicator for disease activity. METHODS: Seven patients who were diagnosed as adult onset Still s disease at Samsung Medical Center between October 1994 and March 1997, were reviewed. In these patients we checked leukocyte count, ESR, CRP and serum ferritin concentrations at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up periods and recorded febrile events during follow-up periods. RESULTS: At the time of diagnosis and during febrile periods, the concentrations of ferritin were extremely high(927ng/ml to 96,650ng/ml normal 10-290.8 ng/ml). The values were unrelated to other manifestations of the disease or laboratory findings. The ferritin concentrations decreased rapidly after adequate treatment. Eleven febrile reattacks happened in 7 patients. Serum ferritin concentrations were increased in 8 febrile attacks, while leukocyte count, ESR, and CRP were increased in 5, 5, 6 febrile attacks respectively, There were 10 events of increased serum ferritin concentrations in 7 patients during follow-up periods and 8 events were related with fever. The increases of other laboratory tests were similar. CONCLUSIONS: In all patients, serum ferritin concentrations were increased at the time of diagnosis and closely related to fever. During follow-up periods, serum ferritin concentrations are helpful in monitoring disease activity and guiding decisions about treatment.
Adult* ; Diagnosis ; Ferritins* ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Still's Disease, Adult-Onset*

No abstract available.
Advanced Cardiac Life Support*

BACKGROUND: Warts are common virus-induced lesions that are troublesome to treat, especially in children. Recently, some trials have suggested that the pulsed dye laser may also be useful for the treatment of warts. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness and safety of 585nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser treatment of warts. METHODS: Fifty patients representing a total of 265 warts were recruited for the study. Patients were treated using the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser with a pulse duration of 450 sec, a spot size of 5mm, and energy fluence ranging between 7 to 9 J/cm2. Patients in whom no visible evidence of warts remained before 5 treatment sessions were classified as 'cured'. RESULTS: The cure rates were 89% for hand warts, 21% for plantar warts, 58% for periungual or subungual warts, 98% for limb warts and 100% for facial warts. Significant difference in the clearance rate of warts was found according to the maximum diameter of warts (≤0.3cm, >0.3cm) (<0.05). CONCLUSION: The 585nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser had potential effectiveness for the treatment of small warts on the hands, face, and limbs, but it is less effective for plan-tar warts, or larger warts.
Child ; Extremities ; Hand ; Humans ; Lasers, Dye* ; Warts*

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of warts is known to be a relatively effective and safe cure. However, the pain, which occurs during being exposed to a light source and after its exposure, is being reported to be the most frequent and serious limitation in this therapy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine whether the level of pain can be lowered, by comparing EMLA(R), which is a topical anesthesia, with placebo, during topical ALA-PDT, and to try to compare the range and characteristics in pain. METHODS: Twenty two patients with common warts were treated with ALA-PDT twice in the interval of 4 weeks, and were divided into two groups by the random distribution table. The distribution was made so that the patients, who used EMLA(R) as the topical anesthesia given at the first visit, could use a placebo at the second visit, and so that the patients who used placebo at the first visit, could use EMLA(R) at the second visit. Thus, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study was carried out. The pain was evaluated during the treatment, right after the treatment, and one day after the treatment by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Also four different ranges of the pain and its six characteristics were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 22 patients with common warts who underwent this study. 1 patient, was completely cured after the first visit, and did not participate further in the study. The data of the patients with complete recovery wasn't included in the final statistical analysis. As a result of the evaluation of pain, the mean VAS score that was measured during the treatment, right after the treatment, and one day after the treatment was measured to be a little lower in the case of applying EMLA(R) versus placebo, but a statistically significant difference was not observed. Regarding the degree of pain, regardless of applying EMLA(R), most patients felt painful locally on the surface, and the majority complained of burning and shooting pain. CONCLUSION: Dermatologists tend to routinely apply EMLA(R), prior to a procedure in order to decrease pain. However, as a result of this research, the routine use of EMLA(R) given at PDT is thought to be unreasonable.
Anesthesia ; Burns ; Cross-Over Studies ; Humans ; Light ; Photochemotherapy ; Triazenes ; Warts

No abstract available.
Thrombasthenia*

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of the school dietitian on superior agricultural products (SAP) and the status of using superior agricultural products in school meals. Questionnaires were distributed to 185 school dietitians after face to face interview, and a total of 181 responses were used for analysis. 82.3% of the respondents were using SAPs in school meals and there was a significant difference between elementary school (95.1%), middle school (76.8%) and high school (66.7%) dietitians (p < 0.001). 85.2% of the dietitians, who were using SAP, were purchasing SAPs through electronic bidding, and the main reason of not using SAPs was the higher price of SAPs than that of general agricultural products. The good agricultural practices (GAP) product was considered the most appropriate agricultural products for school meals by the majority of respondents (66.9%), and organic products was the next (13.3%). In addition, the most important selection criterion for a SAP perceived by school dietitians was safety (58.0%), and the main reason of using SAPs in school meals, when two choices were allowed, was 'to provide healthful food to children' (98.9%). The major barriers to using SAPs in school meals (two choices were allowed) were 'too expensive' (73.5%) and 'unstable supply' (32.6). In conclusion, it was suggested that there should be an improvement in SAP supply and management systems to increase the use of SAPs in school meals.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Electronics ; Electrons ; Humans ; Meals