BACKGROUND: A healthy diet is important for the prevention and management of major chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. However, the effect of dietary intervention-based education and consultation has not been satisfactory. This study sought to investigate the effects of a diet intervention supplying food directly to the workplace cafeteria. METHODS: Study subjects included 36 employees (23 men) staffed at two companies located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Participants were supplied with liquid meals made mainly with fruits and vegetables for breakfast and dinner. Lunch was supplied as well and comprised of a balanced diet. Consumption of other foods, except water and provided snacks, were prohibited. The program also included light exercise, yoga, and mind-body control for 20 minutes, three times a week. Changes in anthropometric and metabolic parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: None of the subjects complained of serious adverse effects or dropped out of the program. Post-intervention mean body weight and body fat mass decreased significantly (-3.3 kg and -2.0 kg respectively, p<0.001 for both comparisons). There were additional reductions in systolic blood pressure (-6.7 mmHg, p<0.001), fasting glucose (-9.0 mg/dL, p<0.001), total cholesterol (-13.9 mg/dL, P=0.005), triglyceride (-44.0 mg/dL, p<0.001), and insulin (-2.4 uIU/mL, P=0.007). The satisfaction rate of the program was 88%. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that a diet intervention supplying food directly to the workplace cafeteria could succeed in decreasing body weight and improving metabolic parameters, most likely due to high compliance.
Adipose Tissue ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Breakfast ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Chronic Disease ; Compliance ; Diet ; Fasting ; Fruit ; Glucose ; Insulin ; Light ; Lunch ; Meals ; Obesity ; Pilot Projects ; Snacks ; Triglycerides ; Vegetables ; Yoga

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to describe the decision making of nurses in a VIP ward. METHOD: The methodology of collecting and analyzing the data was based on the grounded theory of Strauss and Corbin (1998). The data were collected through an in-depth interview, which were audio-taped and transcribed. The data were collected from 10 nurses from July to November 2007. RESULTS: The core category on VIP ward nurses' decision making was named as "adjusting with flexibility and deepened insight." The causal condition was established by 'the patients who wanted to be treated specially.' The contextual conditions included 'caring patients from various departments,' 'differences depending on the nurses' clinical experience,' and 'client-centered atmosphere in the VIP ward.' The intervening conditions included 'problem solving styles of nurses', 'attitudes of patients and family members', 'nurse-doctor relationships', and 'accessibility to information.' It was confirmed that nurses changed their action-interaction strategies depending on the intervening conditions, thus resulted in the nurses' role conflict and the need to expand their consciousness. CONCLUSION: The result of this study indicates that nurse's decision making depends on their experiences and the nature of social context in which nursing occurs.
Atmosphere ; Consciousness ; Decision Making ; Humans ; Pliability ; Qualitative Research

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of emotional labor on burnout in nurses focusing the moderating effects of social intelligence and emotional intelligence. METHODS: Data were collected in March 2015 by self administered questionnaires among 392 nurses in eight hospitals located in Busan, Gyeongsangnam-do. Data were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression, hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS: Study results shown (a) emotional labor showed a positive correlation on burnout, while social intelligence and emotional intelligence showed a negative correlation on burnout, (b) emotional labor was the most influential variable on burnout, (c) social intelligence had a negative moderating effect the relationship between emotional labor and burnout, (d) emotional intelligence had a positive moderating effect the relationship between emotional labor and burnout. CONCLUSION: The result of the study indicate that emotional labor of nurses is positively correlated with burnout and emotional labor is to give the greatest effect on burnout, social intelligence and emotional intelligence had a moderating effects the relationship between emotional labor and burnout.
Busan ; Emotional Intelligence* ; Gyeongsangnam-do

The study was undertaken to asses the changes in the size and densities of intracranial hematomas by analyzingthe sequential CT examination of 23 patients ar Soon Chun Hyang College Hospital from July '80 to Aug. '81. Theresuls were as follows; 1. The high densities of hematoma were the cause of hematoma, hematoma locaiton, age andsex of patients, and initial hematoma size. 3. The CT findings that indicate complete absorption of hematomas werenormalization of mass effect, not diappearence of hematoma densities. 4. In intracerebral hematoma, the highdensity of hematoma reduced it's density and mass effect about 4-6 weeks duration. 5. In subdural hematoma, about7 weeks after head trauma, the CT findings were normalized.
Absorption ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Equidae ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans

Picosulfate sodium/Magnesium citrate (PS/MC) is a common bowel cleansing agent for colonoscopy. It is equally effective and better tolerated by patients with regard to taste and volume than polyethylene glycol. However, because of its osmotically active characteristics, PS/MC can cause plasma volume depletion and electrolyte disturbances, such as hyponatremia. Here, we report a case of severe hyponatremia combined with loss of consciousness in a 59-year-old woman following ingestion of PS/MC as bowel preparation for a screening colonoscopy. Upon arrival, serum sodium level was 109 mEq/L and urine osmolality and sodium levels were 393 mOms/Kg and 99 mmol/L, respectively. She was euvolemic and showed normal kidney, thyroid, and adrenal function. Based on these findings, inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone syndrome (SIADH) was diagnosed. She was treated with 3% hypertonic saline and completely recovered without any neurologic sequelae. This case shows that SIADH can be caused by PS/MC (not accompanied by dehydration), even in patients without any underlying renal, heart, or liver diseases.
Citric Acid* ; Colonoscopy ; Detergents ; Eating* ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Hyponatremia* ; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome ; Kidney ; Liver Diseases ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Osmolar Concentration ; Plasma Volume ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Sodium ; Thyroid Gland ; Unconsciousness

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to correlate the CT and histopathologic findings of abscess wall. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT findings of 12 patients with pathologically proven brain abscess were retrospectively analyzed with particular attention to the thickness, smoothness and uniformity of enhancing abscess wall, and the results were correlated with histopathologic findings. RESULTS: Two patients with acute cerebritis showed an isodense ring on non-contrast CT(NCCT), but a true capsule formation could not be identified at pathologic examination. Six other patients with isodense ring on NCCT consisted of early to late cerebritis(3 cases), late cerebritis to early capsule(1 case), early capsule(1 case), and late capsule(1 case). These 6 cases showed ring enhancement on contrast enhanced CT(CECT) and true capsule formation pathologically. There was no isodense ring on NCCT in the remaining four patients. They consisted of early to late cerebritis(2 cases), late cerebritis(1 case), and late cerebritis to early capsule formation(1 case). These also showed ring enhancement on CECT and true capsule formation pathologically. CONCLUSION: We found that it is difficult to predict the exact stage of brain abscess on preoperative CT findings. It is suggested that clinical findings and sequential dynamic CT may provide more detailed informations for evaluation of abscess staging.
Abscess ; Brain Abscess* ; Brain* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of baclofen on the detrusor muscle isolated from rat. Rats (Sprague-Dawley) were sacrificed by decapitation and exsanguination. Horizontal muscle strips of 2 mm x 15mm were prepared for isometric myography in isolated muscle chamber bubbled with 95% / 5%-OZ / CO2 at 371C, and the pH was maintained at 7.4 Detrusor strips. contracted responding to the.. electrical field stimulation (EFS) by 2 Hz, 2U msec, monophasic square wave of 60 VDC. The initial peak of EFS-Induced contraction was tended to be suppresed by a,p-methylene-adenosine 5'-triphosphate (mATP), a partial agonist of purinergic receptor, and baclofen, a GABAB receptor agonist (statistically nonsignificant). The late sustained contraction by EFS was suppressed significantly (p < 0.05) by additions of atropione, a cholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonist and baclofen. The adenosine 5'-triphosphate-induced contraction was completely abolished by mA TP but not by baclofen. In the presence of atropine, the subsequent addition of acetylcholine could not contract the muscle strips: but the addition of acetylcholine in the presence of baclofen evoked a contraction to a remarkable extent.
Acetylcholine ; Adenosine ; Animals ; Atropine ; Baclofen* ; Decapitation ; Exsanguination ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Myography ; Rats* ; Receptors, Muscarinic

Therapeutic management of brain tumors is based on accurate knowledge of their size, location and histologic type. Stereotaxic cytology under CT guidance has been applied to the investigation of brain tumors, especially in the sellar turcica, third ventricle, and pineal regions. In the present case, the tumor protruded into the nasal cavity, so we were able to get cytologic material via fine needle aspiration.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Brain Neoplasms ; Nasal Cavity ; Pituitary Neoplasms* ; Third Ventricle

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the welfare status of nurses and the status of fixed night shifts and flexible work arrangements in both general hospitals and advanced general hospitals in Korea. METHODS: A total of 167 hospitals participated in this study, done from April to October 2018. RESULTS: There were 103 hospitals utilizing the fixed night shift system, 22 in the two-shift system, 3 in the fixed holiday shift, 79 in the fixed shift system, and 39 in the short-time working system. The average welfare benefits for nurses increased to 33.02 million won on average. However, welfare services for the nurses were poor: 41.8% of the respondents had a nurses' lounge, 81.7% were given dormitory space at their place of employment, 41.8% had access to welfare facilities, and 56.4% were provided with welfare support countermeasures. CONCLUSION: The results show an increasing trend of hospitals to utilize fixed night shift and flexible work arrangements. An institutional strategy at the national policy level should be established to implement flexible work arrangements including the fixed night shift system, which has a poor level of welfare.
Employment ; Holidays ; Hospitals, General ; Korea ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: In unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), the obstructed kidney is characterized by interstitial fibrosis and an increase in transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1. Interstitial expression of TGF-beta1 is important in tublointerstitial fibrosis. The objectives of this study is to make new ribbon-type antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) for TGF-beta1 which are resistant to exonuclease and to examine the effcets of TGF-beta1 on reducing tubulointerstitial fibrosis of the kidney. METHODS: We introduced a new ribbon-type antisense ODN for TGF-beta1 in rats using the UUO model to block interstitial fibrosis by tail vein injection. A combination of one antisense sequences for TGF-beta1 was adopted to construct a large antisense molecule with a loop and stem. Artificial viral envelope (AVE)-type hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposomes were used as a vector system for the delivery of antisense ODN. RESULTS: The levels of TGF-beta1 mRNA was decreased more in the cultured mesangial cells treated with ribbon-type antisense ODN than in that of a linear-type antisense ODN for TGF-beta1. TGF-beta1 mRNA was increased markedly in the interstitium of untreated obstructed kidneys. Northem analysis revealed that the levels of TGF-beta1 mRNA were decreased in the obstructed kidneys treated with antisense ODN. The fibrosis of the obstructed kidneys treated with ribbon-type antisense ODN was dramatically less than that of the untreated group. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that the introduction of new ribbon-type antisense ODN for TGF-beta1 may be a potential therapeutic maneuver for preventing interstitial fibrosis.
Animals ; Fibrosis ; Kidney ; Mesangial Cells ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides* ; Rats ; RNA, Messenger ; Sendai virus ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Transforming Growth Factors ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction* ; Veins