PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to determine factors influencing quality of caregiving by caregivers for the elderly with dementia. METHODS: Data were collected from 87 caregivers for elders with dementia who had visited in Busan Metropolitan Center for Dementia and D-University hospital outpatient center from July 10 to September 30, 2015. A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess the severity of the elders' dementia and knowledge of dementia, burdens and quality of caregiving by the caregivers. The SPSS 21.0 version program was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression. RESULTS: Significant predictors of quality of caregiving by caregivers included caregivers' burdens (explanation power 25%), knowledge of dementia (explanation power 4%) and levels of education (explanation power 3%). These factors explained 32.3% of the variances in quality of caregiving. CONCLUSION: Burdens on caregivers were a major factor that decreased quality of caregiving, and knowledge of dementia was a factor that increased it. These findings show that educational programs and intervention for reducing burdens and improving knowledge of dementia are necessary to improve quality of caregiving by caregivers.
Aged ; Busan ; Caregivers* ; Dementia* ; Education ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Quality of Health Care ; Statistics as Topic

Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP) is a systemic small vessel vasculitis characterized by cutaneous purpura, arthritis, abdominal pain and nephritis. The characteristic rash of HSP consists of palpable purpura on the buttocks and lower extremities. Bullous lesions often appear in adults with HSP, whereas they are very rare in children with HSP. In this case report, the patient presented with arthralgia and abdominal pain and had hemorrhagic bullae as a prominent manifestation of the disease. The skin biopsy of the patient revealed typical leukocytoclastic vasculitis of dermal vessels and prominent IgA and fibrinogen deposits on capillary walls by direct immunofluorescence. We confirmed the diagnosis of HSP and observed improvement of clinical symptoms and signs within a few days after corticosteroid treatment. We therefore report a case with a review of the literature.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Arthralgia ; Arthritis ; Biopsy ; Blister ; Buttocks ; Capillaries ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Exanthema ; Fibrinogen ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Lower Extremity ; Nephritis ; Purpura ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch* ; Skin ; Vasculitis

Diabetes is a rapidly increasing heath care problem all over the world due to increased prevalence during past decade. Diabetic nephropathy develops in 25-30% of patients with type 1 diabetes and is the leading cause of end stage renal disease. Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by persistent proteinuria, decline in renal function, hypertension and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Early detection of diabetic nephropathy risk is an important goal because early diagnosis and treatment prevent advanced renal damage and other diabetic complications. Increased urinary albumin excretion rate is widely accepted as the first clinical sign of diabetic nephropathy. However, reduced glomerular filtration or hypertension could be the first manifestation in some diabetic patients. We need improved markers and predictors of diabetic nephropathy risk. We report a case of diabetic nephropathy and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) without microalbuminuria occcured in type 1 diabetic patient.
Diabetes Complications ; Diabetic Nephropathies* ; Early Diagnosis ; Filtration ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Mortality ; Prevalence ; Proteinuria

This study was performed by a comparative analysis of nutritional knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrient intakes of dietitians and non-dietitians. The subjects of this study were 103 dietitians and 166 non-dietitians working in the Chonnam area. The general characteristics, nutrition knowledge and dietary attitudes of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, and nutrient intakes were examined using 24-hour recall method. The results were as follows: Dietitian group (15.17+/-3.88) scored significantly (p < 0.0001) higher than non-dietitian group (13.34+/-3.31) in nutrition knowledge. Dietitian group (69.58+/-10.67) scored significantly higher on dietary attitudes than the non-dietitian group (63.97+/-11.18). The correlation between nutritional knowledge scores and dietary attitudes scores were statistically significance on job, age (20~39), education level (below university), marital status and work experience (2~5, above 10). The dietitian group was significantly higher than the non-dietitians in body weight and BMI of anthropometric data. The prevalence of obesity was 5.8% from the dietitian group and 6.6% from the non-dietitian group when judged by BMI and therefore obesity rate was significaltly (p < 0.001) different between the two groups. In case of the dietitian group, the average intake of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, niacin, vitamin E, phosphorous, zinc were above the Korean RDA whereas the average intake of vitamin C, calcium, iron, folic acid were below the Korean RDA. The average intake of most nutrients, except vitamin B1, vitamin B6, phosphorus, were below the Korean RDA in the non-dietitian group. Therefore the non-dietitian group needs nutrition education in order to improve their nutritional status.
Ascorbic Acid ; Body Weight ; Calcium ; Education ; Folic Acid ; Iron ; Jeollanam-do* ; Marital Status ; Niacin ; Nutritional Status ; Nutritionists* ; Obesity ; Phosphorus ; Prevalence ; Thiamine ; Vitamin A ; Vitamin B 6 ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins ; Zinc ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The Pediatric Risk of Mortality(PRISM) III score was developed from the Physiologic Stability Index(PSI) to assess pediatric ICU mortality and Provide an objective data as a severity index. Although the PRISM score has been applied to many comparisions and analyses in previous studies, there are few reports applied to pediatric intensive care patients in Korea. To evaluate the effectiveness of the PRISM III score as a severity index for expecting mortality and find important variables influencing mortality, we applied this scoring scale to pediatric neurologic patients admitted to the ICU and analyzed the data statistically. METHODS: Data collection was done by careful review of medical records and scored each clinical variable. The outcome at discharge was determined as non-survival, survival, and hopeless discharge. Determination of mortality in the hopeless discharge group was done within 48 hours after discharge by telephone interview. The study populations were classified into four groups; CNS infection(26 patients), acute encephalopathy(31 patients), status epilepticus(35 patients) and cerebrovascular disorder(4 patients). The difference of the PRISM III score between the survival group and non-survival group was compared by using the nonparametric Mann~Whitney test in the entire study population and for each diagnostic group. To confirm the degree of fitness between the actual mortality and Predicted mortality, the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, a multiple logistic regression model was used. All clinical variables used for scoring were compared for survivals and non-survivals by the Chi-square test. f values <0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The PRISM III score was significantly higher in the non-survival groups than in the survival group. Predicted mortality from the PRISM III score has fitted to actual mortality According to the results of analyses in each diagnostic groups, the PRISM III score was higher in non-survivals of the acute encephalopathy and CNS infection groups, but statistically insignificant in the cerebrovascular disorders and status epilepticus groups. The important variables of the PRISM III score associated with mortality were mental state, Pupil reflex, systolic blood pressure, acidosis, blood sodium level blood creatinine level, blood glucose level, and PT/PTT. , CONCLUSION: The PRISM III score is helpful in predicting mortality in pediatric intensive care neurologic patients, especially those in the acute encephalopathy or the CNS infection groups. However, this score was not useful in the status epilepticus group, and insignificant in cerebrovascular group. Due to the smallness of the study group, more massive and comprehensive studies are needed as a follow up to this study.
Acidosis ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Creatinine ; Data Collection ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Critical Care* ; Interviews as Topic ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Medical Records ; Mortality* ; Pupil ; Reflex ; Sodium ; Status Epilepticus

PURPOSE: This study aimed at not only suggest some ideas useful in planning and doing the safety education in the elementary schools in the near future putting into test the safety education proposal which has been developed by researchers in accordance with the national 7st education courses but also improve health of the children through taking right safety knowledge and sound safety attitude. METHOD: For this study 140 student are selected from 3-5th grade of the elementary school in Kyoungki-Do and Kwangwon-Do and have been taught the safety education during 10weeks, 10times. RESULT: 1) After the safety education, knowledge about the injury prevention of the children show to be significantly different from that they had before(t=-9.156, p=.000). 2) In order to look into any effect of the attitude about injury prevention after the safety education there were significant difference(t=-3.755, p=.000).CONCLUSION: As the findings of the study indicating that safety education expand the correct knowledge about injury prevention and have more affirmative and sound attitude about injury prevention. So it may be concluded that, safety education have the positive effect both knowledge and attitude about injury prevention among elementary school children.
Child* ; Education* ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Child Health

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of different isolation policies in reducing the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in hospital in-patients. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the effectiveness of an isolation policy on transmission of MRSA in the 745-beds hospital. First period, all patients with MRSA (March - July 2000) were not isolated Second period, strict isolation policies were performed (August 2000 - January 2002). All patients with MRSA were isolated in separated room, hand hygiene using alcohol handrub, gowning and g1oving, apply of MRSA notice sticker, criteria in isolation remove, separated disinfection and wastement. Third period, semi strict isolation policies were performed (February 2002 - August 2005). Some patients with MRSA were isolated in separated room and others were admitted in general ward for bed shortage. Only some practices were performed in hand washing and separated disinfection in general ward. RESULTS: The rates of MRSA nosocomial infection per patients during 1st, 2nd, and 3rd surveillance were reported 0.56, 0.23, and 0.42 (P<0.05). Patient-days rate of MRSA nosocomial infection during 1st, 2nd, and 3rd surveillance were reported 0.62, 0.27, and 0.38 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: With many different isolation policies, it was possible to reduce nosocomial infection of MRSA. In this study, strict isolation policies (2nd period) were the most effective practices in reducing MRSA infection.
Cross Infection ; Disinfection ; Hand Disinfection ; Hand Hygiene ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infection Control ; Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Patients' Rooms ; Prospective Studies

Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS) with intravascular extension is very rare, with only 26 cases having been reported. We experienced a case of LGESS with inferior vena cava (IVC) extension. A 60-year-old female presented with left leg edema. She had a history of total hysterectomy, and was diagnosed of leiomyoma at that time. On imaging study, tumor masses were located around both common iliac veins (CIV), and within the CIV and IVC. The pelvic masses on both side and IVC mass were resected, and then the patient received adjuvant hormonal therapy and radiotherapy over the remnant pelvic masses. LGESS with IVC extension is difficult to distinguish from intravascular leiomyomatosis. LGESS is a malignant disease and commonly recurs, even in early stages. Accurate diagnosis, complete resection, proper adjuvant therapy and close follow-up are very important.
Diagnosis ; Edema ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Iliac Vein ; Korea ; Leg ; Leiomyoma ; Leiomyomatosis ; Middle Aged ; Radiotherapy ; Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal* ; Vena Cava, Inferior*

No abstract available.
Insect Bites and Stings*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between satisfaction in major, career decision-making self-efficacy and career identity of nursing students. METHODS: Data were collected from 543 students by means of self reported questionnaires about satisfaction in major, career decision-making self-efficacy and career identity from November 26 to 30, 2012. RESULTS: The average score of satisfaction in major, career decision-making self-efficacy and career identity of nursing students was 3.56 on a 5 point-scale, 3.28 on a 5 point-scale, and 2.65 on a 4 point-scale respectively. There were significant correlation between satisfaction in major, career decision-making self-efficacy and career identity of nursing students. Career identity could be explained 26.2% by satisfaction in major, career decision-making self-efficacy, admission motivation, and school grade. CONCLUSION: Career identity was correlated with satisfaction in major and career decision-making self-efficacy in nursing students. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective intervention program to improve nursing students's satisfaction in major, career decision-making self-efficacy and career identity.
Humans ; Motivation ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Report ; Students, Nursing*