PURPOSE: This study was done to build and verify a model of clinical nurses' turnover intention using organizational characteristics, job satisfaction and job embeddedness. METHODS: The study participants were 389 hospital nurses. SPSS and AMOS 22.0 program were used to analyze the data and the modeling of turnover intention. RESULTS: A total of 41% of turnover intention was explained by job satisfaction, job embeddedness and organizational characteristics. Nurses with higher job satisfaction and job embeddedness showed lower turnover intention, while organizational characteristics had an indirect effect on their turnover intention. It was found that organizational characteristics had positive effects on both job satisfaction and job embeddedness, and job embeddedness played a mediating role between organizational characteristics and turnover intention. CONCLUSION: To reduce nurses' turnover intention, hospitals' organizational characteristics should be considered. Nurse managers should strive to increase nurses' job satisfaction and job embeddedness through an understanding of the factors of organizational characteristics such as organizational fairness, nursing work environment, motivation, organizational citizenship behavior, and transformational leadership.
Health Facility Environment ; Humans ; Intention* ; Job Satisfaction* ; Leadership ; Models, Structural* ; Motivation ; Negotiating ; Nurse Administrators ; Nursing ; Organization and Administration ; Personnel Turnover

No abstract available.
Humans ; Biomarkers, Tumor*

School Lunch Program (SLP) should provide adequate and qualitative nutritional food for student's growth and proper food habit. With this fact, this study divided 524 middle school students who resided in Jeonju, Jellabukdo into two groups, SLP or non SLP according to whether they were provided SLP or not. Then this research estimate each group's nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitude, dietary behavior, balance of three meals, and health checking their clinical symptom to investigate the effects of the SLP. This research applied anthropometric data, questionnaires and food intake data using 24 hours recall method. Each group's age average was same as 14.0 years old respectively. The average score of nutritional knowledge and condition of balance of lunch were significantly higher in SLP group than those of non-SLP group, although, there were no significant differences in the scores of nutritional attitude, dietary behavior, and balance of breakfast and dinner within both groups. This research showed that SLP had positive role on nutritional knowledge and balanced lunch. However, current SLP is not sufficient to cause change the nutritional attitude and dietary behavior. To make more applicable and effective result of SLP leading nutritional attitude changes and development of appropriate dietary behavior, certain level of nutritional education to the student may be important.
Breakfast ; Eating ; Education ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Lunch* ; Meals ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor*

PURPOSE: To examine the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the adapted Illness Intrusiveness Rating Scale (a-IIRS). The a-IIRS is a modified version of the original IIRS that measures illness-disruptions to daily life in patients with diverse diagnoses. While the psychometric properties of the original IIRS have been validated, no study has been conducted to validate the Korean version of a-IIRS. METHODS: After translation and back-translation processes, the Korean version of a-IIRS was developed. A pilot test was conducted with 10 patients with chronic diseases. A convenience sample of 380 patients with diabetes, hypertension, and/or arthritis was used. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, known-group technique, hypothesized relationships, internal consistency, and item analysis were tested. RESULTS: Three factors were extracted from principal components analysis with varimax rotation: Relationships and Personal Development, Instrumental Life, and Intimacy. Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the good fit of the three-factor model. Illness intrusiveness was significantly different among the study subjects categorized into three groups according to different health status: poor, fair and good. The instrument was positively correlated with the scales of fatigue and depression. The tool demonstrated high internal consistency with adequate item-total correlations. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are consistent with previous study results on IIRS and support the reliability and validity of the Korean version of a-IIRS. The instrument is culturally relevant for Korean patients with chronic diseases. Health care professionals need to consider illness intrusiveness when caring for patients with chronic diseases and promote their quality of life.
Arthritis ; Chronic Disease ; Delivery of Health Care ; Depression ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Korea ; Psychometrics ; Quality of Life ; Reproducibility of Results ; Weights and Measures ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Communication in hospitals is one of the major factors in patient safety. So, the purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between intra-organizational communication satisfaction and the safety attitude of nurses in hospitals. METHOD: A descriptive survey design with convenience sampling was used. Data collection was done using a self-report questionnaire answered by 278 nurses from one university hospital located in Kyeoung-gi Province, Korea. RESULT: Intra-organizational communication satisfaction positively correlated with safety attitude (r=.747, p<.01). Among the 6 sub dimensions of safety attitude, perceptions of management (r=.675, p<.01), job satisfaction (r=.640, p<.01) and teamwork climate (r=.600. p<.01) were strongly related to intra-organizational communication satisfaction. Multiple regression analysis was done to identify explanation power of intra-organizational communication satisfaction against safety attitude. The model was significant (F=48.540, p<.01). Intra-organizational communication satisfaction accounted for 60.9% of variance in safety attitude (Adj R2=.609). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that higher levels of intra-organizational communication satisfaction promote positive safety attitude in hospital nurses and that communication media quality is an important factor in patient safety attitude. Therefore, developing interventions to revitalize intra-organizational communication level based on communication media quality will help in the construction of positive safety attitude in nurses.
Climate ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Job Satisfaction ; Patient Safety

The estrogen receptor (ER) is present in a wide variety of mammalian tissues and is required for the physiological responses of estrogen, including estrogen-induced tissue-specific changes in gene expression. But most of our knowledge on the regulation of ER mRNA levels comes from in vivo steroid replacement experiments or cancer cell lines that express the ER. Thus the present study was attempted to determine 1) the anterior pituitary ER mRNA levels during rat estrous cycle 2) if estradiol itself directly modulates the ER mRNA levels in cultured rat anterior pituitary using RT-PCR method. In rats with 4 day estrous cycle, the ER mRNA levels in anterior pituitary gland reached to maximum at proestrus 11:00h just before serum estradiol concentration showed the highest. From then, the ER mRNA levels gradually declined during the rest of the proestrus. On the other hands, in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells, the ER mRNA levels were significantly decreased by the treatment of estradiol. These results indicate that the surge of estradiol was proceeded by the increase in pituitary ER mRNA levels during the proestrus and in cultured anterior pituitary cells, estrogen might be involved in the down-regulation of the ER mRNA levels.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Down-Regulation ; Estradiol ; Estrogens* ; Estrous Cycle ; Gene Expression ; Hand ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior* ; Proestrus ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger*

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D plays an important role in skeletal growth and maintenance and in the prevention of various diseases. We investigated the relationship between vitamin D intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean adults aged ≥ 50 years using the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was conducted in 1,808 subjects aged ≥ 50 years with BMD data in Korea. Dietary vitamin D levels were assessed by the 24-hour recall method. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We investigated general characteristics and the association between these characteristics, vitamin D status, and BMD. RESULTS: Vitamin D intake was significantly lower in the osteoporosis group among women (P < 0.05). Among all subjects, the higher the serum 25(OH)D concentration, the higher the whole-body total BMD (WBT-BMD), femoral total hip BMD, and femoral neck BMD (P < 0.01). In the serum vitamin D-deficient group of both the total population and women, serum 25(OH)D concentration was associated with WBT-BMD (P < 0.05). Among women with a calcium intake < 537.74 mg/day, BMD of those with a vitamin D intake > 2.51 µg/day (average intake of women) was higher than that of women with a vitamin D intake ≤ 2.51 µg/day (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Korean adults should increase their BMD by increasing serum 25(OH)D concentration. Furthermore, increasing vitamin D intake could improve BMD, especially in Korean women who consume less calcium than the estimated average requirement.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adult ; Bone Density ; Calcium ; Female ; Femur Neck ; Hip ; Humans ; Korea ; Methods ; Nutrition Surveys ; Osteoporosis ; Vitamin D ; Vitamins

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships among critical thinking disposition, general self-efficacy, leadership and clinical competence, and identify the factors influencing clinical competence in nursing students. METHODS: In this descriptive study, 153 nursing students (from 2nd to 4th school year) of a university in South Korea were enrolled in December 2010. The instruments for this study were the Korean versions of the Critical Thinking Disposition Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Leadership Inventory, and Clinical Competence Scale. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, MANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression with PASW 18.0 software. RESULTS: The mean scores (ranging from 1 to 5) in nursing students for critical thinking disposition, general self-efficacy, leadership, and clinical competence were 3.44, 3.51, 3.55, and 3.42, respectively. Positive correlations were found for clinical competence with critical thinking disposition, general self-efficacy, and leadership. The strongest predictor of clinical competence was leadership. In addition, leadership, nursing school year, and subjective academic achievement accounted for 34.5% of variance in clinical competence. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that developing leadership, critical thinking disposition, and self-efficacy in undergraduate nursing education is important to improve clinical competence of nursing students.
Achievement ; Clinical Competence ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Leadership ; Linear Models ; Republic of Korea ; Schools, Nursing ; Students, Nursing ; Thinking

Prematurity is the main cause for respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) in neonates. The goal in the treatment of RDS is to maintain respiration with adequate oxygenation. ETS needs to be performed to remove lung secretions in the ventilated premature infants with RDS. Oxygen saturation(SpO2) and heart rate(HR) were compared in 22 premature infants with RDS using two types of ETS: open ETS versus close ETS. The results showed there was no significant difference in the SpO2 and HR returned to the baseline within 1 minute after suctioning. But in some case, there was a significantly greater incidence in the decrease of SpO2 below 90% occurred in the open ETS than in the close ETS. It implies that closed ETS may be beneficial to premature infants who tend to develop desaturation easily.
Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Lung ; Oxygen* ; Respiration ; Suction