BACKGROUND: The incidence of colorectal polyps have been reported to be increasing in those aged 30-40 years who consume fast food, have low physical activity, and use alcohol and cigarettes. We analyzed the characteristics and risk factors of colorectal polyps in asymptomatic adults in Jeju Island. METHODS: Data on 1700 individuals who underwent a screening colonoscopy from 1 July, 2010 to 30 June, 2012 were analyzed based on age, gender, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood tests, and behavioral habits including alcohol use, smoking, and exercise. RESULTS: The prevalence of colorectal polyps, including adenomatous and hyperplastic, is 43.1% and is higher in males (P<0.001). The prevalence according to age group shows increasing by age (P for trend<0.001). The most common histologic type of polyp is adenomatous in the <50 years and >50 years age groups, 27.3% and 45.3% respectively. And the percentage of adenomatous polyps has shown an increasing trend along with increasing number and size of polyps (P for trend<0.001). BMI, waist circumference (WC), fasting blood sugar, and triglyceride were higher in males with polyps than males in the control group. BMI and WC were higher and HDL-cholesterol was lower in females with polyps. The incidence of colorectal polyps was higher in male and female smokers (P<0.001 and P=0.035 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that older age, male gender, obesity, and smoking are risk factors for colorectal polyps. The prevalence of colorectal adenomatous polyps is 27.3% in <50 yrs, 33.4% in the 40s. For early detection and treatment, we recommend a screening colonoscopy for those with risk factors.
Adenomatous Polyps ; Adult ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Colonoscopy ; Fast Foods ; Fasting ; Female ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Motor Activity ; Obesity ; Polyps* ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tobacco Products ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference

As 8 year old boy with a tracheal cannula because of tracheal stenosia was admitted for tracheal raconstruction. The tracheal stenosis site was 2cm below the tracheal soma and 4cm above the carina. The stenotic area was 5mm in diameter and 1.5cm in length. After proper premedication, anesthesia was induced with intramuscular ketamine and maintained mainly with 0.1% ketamine intravenous drip infusion and supplemented by small amounts of muscle relaxants and N2O EKG, direct arterial pressure and arterial blood gas tensions were monitored during anesthesia. Tracheal segmental resection and reconstruction were performed without serious hypoxia and hypercarbia. Anesthetic management for possible risk during operation was discussed and the literature reviewed.
Anesthesia* ; Anoxia ; Arterial Pressure ; Carisoprodol ; Catheterization* ; Catheters ; Child* ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Ketamine ; Male ; Premedication ; Tracheal Stenosis*

The use of steroid preparations by the external route was first employed in 1953 by Lievre. Since then a number of similar series have been published which confirm the value of the method. The present study was carried out in Wonju Christian hospital over a 4 year period. Of a total of 141 patients complaining of back pain and sciatica were treated by epidural in-jection .of methyl-prednisolone acetate(Depo-Medrol). The results were encouraging and this treatment seems to be a valuable adjunct to the management of lumbosciatic syndrome.
Back Pain* ; Epidural Space* ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Sciatica*

To compare the first report of our anesthetic experiences with 16,457 Cases performed by the Department of Anerthesiology of Wonju Christian Hospital, Wonju Medical College, Yonsei University, from Nov. 1959 to Dec. 1977 which was published in 1980, the anesthetic experiences of 12,608 cases performed from Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1982 were analyzed, according to age, sex, department, physical status, emergency Procedureornotn, anesthetic agent, complication, and in addition, the ratio of medical insurance patients after enforcement of medical insurance patients. The results are as follows; 1) The number of cases receiving anesthesia tended, to increase year by year and the rate of increasi was remarkable for female patients. 2) Sexual distribution was 6049 males(48.0%), and 6559 females(52.0%). 3) 44.4% of patients were in the 2nd to 4th. decade of life and the patients over 60 years had increased markedly, 4) Among the departments General Surgery accounted for 30.7%, aner Obstetric sand Gynecology for 30.0%. 5) General anesthesia was use in 76.2% and regional anesthesia 23.8%. 6) The main anesthetic agent was halothane(47.9%). 7) Emergency operations were 37.6%, of the total. 8) Medical insurancs patients have increasied remarkably year by year. 9) Cardiac arrest in the operating room and the recovery room consisted of 4 cases. (0.032%).
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Conduction ; Anesthesia, General ; Emergencies ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Gynecology ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Insurance ; Operating Rooms ; Recovery Room ; Silicon Dioxide

OBJECTIVE: To monitor the changes of autonomic nervous function before and after foot bathing through autonomic function tests using electrophysiological instrument. METHOD: Twenty five healthy adults took a foot bathing through popular 'foot bath' for 30 minutes at 43degrees C. Autonomic tests were performed three times before foot bathing, immediately and 15 minutes after foot bathing. Sympathetic skin response (SSR) and blood pressure after sustained grip for sympathetic tone, heart rate variation during deep breathing and Valsalva maneuver for parasympathetic tone (Expiratory/Inspiratory (E/I) ratio, Valsalva ratio) were measured. RESULTS: SSR amplitudes in one hand decreased significantly during foot bathing (p<0.05) and did not return to their initial levels within 15 minutes after foot bathing. But, blood pressure after sustained grip, E/I ratio and Valsalva ratio did not show statistical difference (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Heat therapy through foot bathing in normal adults reduced sudomotor response to electrical stimuli, which can be considered as reduction of specific sympathetic nervous function. We propose that foot bathing could be promising one of partial heat therapies for pain without cardiovascular complications unlike conventional whole body bathing.
Adult ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Baths ; Blood Pressure ; Foot ; Galvanic Skin Response ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Heart Rate ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Respiration ; Skin ; Valsalva Maneuver

The current patient management system has several limitations. To develop the critical pathway (CP) as a cost-effective method via continuous patient management, we investigated the medical records of 77 patients who underwent FP chemotherapy in Seoul National University Hospital from Feb, 1 to 28, 1999. And the pilot study was done to 12 patients admitted to undergo the FP chemotherapy. 1. The vertical contents in the CP consisted of 7 items; assessment, activity, diet, IV therapy, medication, education and evaluation. The duration of the horizontal axis was 6 days from admission to discharge. 2. The medical performance according to the vertical axis in the preliminary CP, consisted of 72 , and modified to 74 items in the final form of CP. 3. The nursing record consisted of a vertical axis of 4 items; assessment, IV therapy, medication and education. The duration of the horizontal axis was 6 days from admission to discharge of hospital days.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Critical Pathways* ; Diet ; Drug Therapy* ; Education ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Nursing Records* ; Nursing* ; Pilot Projects ; Seoul

BACKGROUND: Establishment of a national reference panel for syphilis antibodies is necessary to evaluate the performance of in-vitro diagnostic tests for syphilis and to verify test quality. This study aimed to establish a national reference panel for syphilis antibodies, to assess the suitability of a panel for non-treponemal and treponemal testing, and to assess the reactivity of the various tests currently in use. METHODS: Treponemal pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA)-positive and -negative fresh frozen plasma samples were obtained. After the fresh frozen plasma was converted to serum by defibrination, the samples were pooled. Two candidate reference standards containing no syphilis antibodies and 10 candidate reference standards containing syphilis antibodies were prepared on the basis of reactivity in the TPPA assay. Candidate reference standards were tested by three laboratories using five non-treponemal tests and four treponemal tests. RESULTS: All three laboratories reported positive non-treponemal test results for the mixed-titer performance panel (MP)/6-MP/12. MP/1, MP/2, and MP/3 were negative for non-treponemal tests. MP/4 and MP/5 were reported either as positive or negative according to the laboratories. All laboratories reported positive TPPA results for MP/3-MP/12 and negative results for MP/1 and MP/2. No significant difference was detected among the treponemal testing results in three laboratories. CONCLUSIONS: We established 12 candidate national reference standards containing various concentrations of syphilis antibodies. A collaborative study using nine tests demonstrated that 12 candidate national reference standards presented consistent results, except a few assays with low sensitivity, and thus could be used as a national reference panel for syphilis antibody testing.
Agglutination ; Antibodies* ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Korea* ; Plasma ; Syphilis*

This study compared the dentin shear bond strengths of currently used dentin bonding agents that were irradiated with an LED (Elipar FreeLight, 3M-ESPE) and a halogen light (VIP, BISCO). The optical characteristics of two light curing units were evaluated. Extracted human third molars were prepared to expose the occlusal dentin and the bonding procedures were performed under the irradiation with each light curing unit. The dentin bonding agents used in this study were Scotchbond Multipurpose (3M ESPE), Single Bond (3M ESPE), One-Step (Bisco), Clearfil SE bond (Kuraray), and Adper Prompt (3M ESPE). The shear test was performed by employing the design of a chisel-on-iris supported with a Teflon wall. The fractured dentin surface was observed with SEM to determine the failure mode. The spectral appearance of the LED light curing unit was different from that of the halogen light curing unit in terms of maximum peak and distribution. The LED LCU (maximum peak in 465 nm) shows a narrower spectral distribution than the halogen LCU (maximum peak in 487 nm). With the exception of the Clearfil SE bond (P < 0.05), each 4 dentin bonding agents showed no significant difference between the halogen light-cured group and the LED light-cured group in the mean shear bond strength (P > 0.05). The results can be explained by the strong correlation between the absorption spectrum of camphoroquinone and the narrow emission spectrum of LED.
Absorption ; Dentin* ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Humans ; Molar, Third ; Polytetrafluoroethylene