PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the effects of a prepared childbirth education on the knowledge and delivery participation levels of the spouses of primiparas. METHOD: The study's subjects were a convenience sample of 126 spouses, consisting of an experimental group of 74 educated for prepared childbirth for 10 hours. This study was measured by using a 41-item measurement instrument for knowledge of childbirth that was devised from Kang's(1981) instrument and a 23-item measurement instrument for measuring delivery levels which was developed through clinical experiences. The data gathered as analyzed by using SPSS WIN10.0. RESULT: There were no significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in homogeneity concerning the general characteristics of the spouses of primiparas. The first hypothesis, which stated that the level of knowledge of childbirth in the experimental group who received prepared childbirth education would be higher than in control group, was statistically supported by the Compared Independent Sample t-test(t=17.92, p=.000). The second hypothesis, which stated that the level of participation of delivery in the experimental group who received prepared childbirth education would be higher than in the control group, was also statistically supported (t=28.87, p=.000). The third hypothesis, which stated that there would be a correlation between the level of knowledge and the level of participation in the experimental group who received prepared childbirth education, showed a high positive correlation(r=.810, p=.000). CONCLUSION: The above results indicate that the increase of knowledge through prepared childbirth education in the spouses of primiparas has a high correlation with delivery partici- pation levels which engenders physical and moral support for primiparas at delivery. Additionally, a varied prepared childbirth education acts as an effective means to increase under- standing and support for primiparas couples who experience tension, anxiety and fear due to an unprepared delivery in Korea.
Anxiety ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Korea ; Parturition* ; Prenatal Education* ; Spouses*

Intestinal malrotation is a constellation of a wide spectrum of embryologic failures of rotation and fixation of the gut, resulting in a narrow-based attachment of the mesentery and the presence of abnormal peritoneal (Ladd's) band. These abnormalities predispose to midgut volvulus, intestinal obstruction and internal herniation. We experienced a case of intestinal malrotation complicated by midgut volvulus in a 4-year-old girl who presente with abdominal pain, abdominal distension and melena. The diagnosis was made by abdominal CT scan, which showed "whirl sign." The diagnosis was confirmed by surgery. A brief review of literature ensues.
Abdominal Pain ; Acidosis ; Acidosis, Renal Tubular* ; Adolescent ; Alkalies ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Chest Pain ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis* ; Exanthema ; Female ; Fever ; Fibrosis ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hypergammaglobulinemia ; Hypokalemia ; Intestinal Volvulus* ; Leukopenia ; Liver Diseases ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Lymphopenia ; Melena ; Mesentery ; Molecular Weight ; Multiple Myeloma ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Neutrophils ; Potassium ; Prednisolone ; Proteinuria ; Thyroid Diseases ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

Intestinal malrotation is a constellation of a wide spectrum of embryologic failures of rotation and fixation of the gut, resulting in a narrow-based attachment of the mesentery and the presence of abnormal peritoneal (Ladd's) band. These abnormalities predispose to midgut volvulus, intestinal obstruction and internal herniation. We experienced a case of intestinal malrotation complicated by midgut volvulus in a 4-year-old girl who presente with abdominal pain, abdominal distension and melena. The diagnosis was made by abdominal CT scan, which showed "whirl sign." The diagnosis was confirmed by surgery. A brief review of literature ensues.
Abdominal Pain ; Acidosis ; Acidosis, Renal Tubular* ; Adolescent ; Alkalies ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Chest Pain ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis* ; Exanthema ; Female ; Fever ; Fibrosis ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hypergammaglobulinemia ; Hypokalemia ; Intestinal Volvulus* ; Leukopenia ; Liver Diseases ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Lymphopenia ; Melena ; Mesentery ; Molecular Weight ; Multiple Myeloma ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Neutrophils ; Potassium ; Prednisolone ; Proteinuria ; Thyroid Diseases ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

No abstract available.
Family Practice* ; Humans ; Internship and Residency*

The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix had shown an increasing tendency, and which is related to the increased use of oral contraceptives or prevalent in human papillomavirus infection. Endocervical glandular dysplasia or adenocarcinoma in situ are occasionally associated with squamous neoplasms of the uterine cervix. This study was aimed to evaluate the histologic features and the incidence of endocervical glandular lesions associated with squamous neoplasms, the presence of human papillomavirus infection-suggesting histologic findings in adjacent squamous neoplasms and the immmunohistochemical findings of endocervical glandular lesions for carcinoembryonic antigen. The materials used were 105 cases of microinvasive and invasive squamous cell carcinoma, and 83 cases of squamous intraepithelial lesions which are consisted of 142 radical or total hystrectomy products and 46 conization or loop excision products. The results are as follows; 1. Among 188 cases, six cases(3.2%) had shown foci of high grade glandular dyaplasia, and 19 cases(10.1%) revealed the areas of low grade glandular dysplasia. There was no adenocarcinoma in situ case. 2. In four of six high grade glandular dysplasia cases, microinvasive or invasive squamous cell carcinomas were associated. In low grade glandular dysplasias, sqaumous intraepithelial lesions were occcupying 68.4%. 3. HPV infection-suggesting histologic findings had accompanied all high grade glandular dysplasia cases and in 17 cases(89.5%) of 19 low grade glandular dysplasias. 4. In 2 of 5 high grade glandular dysplasias and in 1 of 19 low grade glandular dysplasias, the immunohistochemical reaction for carcinoembryonic antigen was similar to that of adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, the clinicopathologic importance of endocervical glandular lesions associated with squamous neoplasms of the uterine cervix should be kept in mind, and further study for the relationship between endocervical glandular lesions and human papillomavirus infection or hormonal influence will be continued.
Humans ; Incidence ; Adenocarcinoma

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a structural model including relevant factors to identity the variables that affect school adjustment in juvenile delinquents. On the basis of a review of the literature on school adjustment of juvenile delinquents and on Bronfenbrenner's bio-ecological model, a hypothetical model was developed by setting home environmental factors (e.g.,economic conditions, parent child communication, parenting attitudes, peer relationships, and academic stress) as exogenous variables, and personal factors (e.g., ego identity and psychological well-being) as endogenous variables. METHODS: Data were collected from January 29 to March 3, 2015 by a survey of 206 students attending junior high and high schools in City B. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS and Amos 22.0 software. RESULTS: The verification of the hypothetical model indicated a good fit for the model: χ²=0.009 df=13, χ²/df=2.161, GFI=0.97, AGFI=0.90, RMESA=0.07, CFI=0.98, TLI=0.95, and RMR=0.01. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that ego identity and parent-child communication do not directly affect school adjustment of juvenile delinquents but influence it depending on the psychological well-being of delinquents. High levels of psychological well-being, better economic conditions, better parent-child communication, and low academic stress were abserved to contribute to better school life. Therefore, to improve the school adjustment of juvenile delinquents, appropriate measures need to be taken and programs need to be designed for improving ego identity and parent-child communication, thus promoting psychological well-being.
Child ; Ego ; Humans ; Juvenile Delinquency ; Models, Structural ; Parenting ; Parents

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Hypertension*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the significance of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS) by following-up cervical cytologic smears or histologic finding. METHODS: Two hundred fifty three cases were diagnosed as ASCUS on cervical cytologic smears from January, 3, 1997 to september, 16, 1998 at cytopathology laboratory, College of Medicine, Keimyung Univemity. These cases were evaluated by cervical smears or subsequent biopsies. RESULTS: The results were as follows, On repeat cervical smears, inflammation was 19.7%, normal was 11,1% and HSIL was 1.6%. On histologic diagnosis, CIS was 13,4%, cervicitis was 12,6%, invasive cervical cancer was 4.0%, and severe dysplasia was 3.2%. CONCLUSION: A diagnosis of ASCUS on smears need careful follow-up.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Inflammation ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Uterine Cervicitis ; Vaginal Smears

The purpose of this study was to identify the care needs of family-caregivers to the patients with stroke. Subjects were 115 family-caregivers caring for the patients while they were in-patients or out-patients with stroke in two general hospitals and one oriental medicine hospital located in Seoul and Kwang-Ju. The instrument used for this study was made by the researcher on the basis of results of literature review and interviews with family-caregivers, composed of 35 items. Internal validity by calculation of cronbach's alpha with data of respondents was 0.91, which was regarded as high. The Data were analyzed by SAS program, with percentage, mean, t-test, and ANOVA. Factor structures of care needs of family-caregivers were elicited by factor analysis(PCA, Varimax rotation). Datum collection had been from July 1 to August 14, 1997. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score of the sum of the care needs of family-caregivers was 3.96 and the highest-mean item was 'need for immediate care(M=4.77)', and the lowest-mean item was 'need for chaplian's visit(M=2.82)'. 2. Care needs of the family-caregivers were: Need to be informed of the disease, treatment and care; need of education and assistance related to physical functional level; need of social support and consultation; need of management of nursing problem related to immobility; need of appreciation; need of the way to communicate with patients; need of immediate care and help. The highest mean factor was the 'need for immediate care and help(M=4.74)', and the lowest mean factor was the 'need of appreciation(M=3.58)'. 3. The variables influencing the degree of care needs perceived by family-caregivers to the patients with stroke were as follows: There were significant differences between need to be informed of the disease, treatment and care and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's sex(p=.0178), caring period(p=.0223) and patient's suffering period(p=.0244). There were significant differences between need of education and assistance related to physical functional level and general characteristic factors, which were patient's paralysis(p=.0177), patient's ADL dependency(p=.0032). There were significant differences between need of social support and consultation and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's sex(p=.0055), occupation(p=.0159), religion(p=.0093) and patient's sex(p=.0134). There was significant difference in the degree of need of management of nursing problem related to immobility, according to the patient's ADL dependency(p=.0493). There were significant differences between need of appreciation and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's age(p=.0107), sex(p=.0133), and patient's age(p=.0338). There were significant differences between need of the way to communicate with patient and general characteristic factors, which were general characteristic factors, which were patient's paralysis(p=.0002) and aphasia(p=.0001). There were significant differences between need of immediate care and help and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's caring period(p=.0162) and patient's suffering period(p=.0116). 4. The mean score of patient's ADL dependency was 3.38 and the highest-mean item was 'ascending and descending stairs(M=4.12)', and the lowest-mean item was 'drinking(M=2.60)', There was no significant difference in the degrees of care needs related to the patient's ADL dependency. 5. The highest information source of family-caregivers was from the doctors about the disease, treatment and care(26.1%). The second highest one was from mass media(20.8%), and the third one was from the nurses. The above findings may be used as the basic data to seek more efficient way of elevating nursing practice and quality for family-caregivers to the patients with stroke.
Activities of Daily Living ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Gwangju ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Nursing ; Outpatients ; Seoul ; Stroke*

4 weeks of arrested embryos.The AAH expression was found to have the similar result as HIF-1?'s.Conclusions The expression level of HIF-1? and AAH in villi of missed abortion patients is much lower than that of normal early pregnant women.HIF-1? and AAH have a function of supporting normal pregnancy,so their low expression may be an important cause of missed abortion.