No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell*

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify the attitudes of adolescent girls towards menstruation, peri-menstrual symptoms, and coping. METHODS: A convenience sample of 521 adolescent girls was obtained from two middle schools and two high schools in M city. Data were collected through questionnaires about menstrual attitudes, menstrual symptoms, and coping. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: Subjects showed both negative and positive attitudes toward menstruation. There were significant correlation between attitudes toward menstruation and peri-menstrual symptoms. Subjects having a positive attitude toward menstruation needed a nursing mediator to provide relief for menstrual symptoms during the peri-menstrual period. Attitudes toward menstruation explained 11.0% variance of menstrual symptoms, and factor 4, in particular, (event whose onset can be predicted and anticipated) correlated strongest with menstrual symptoms and explained 21.5% variance of menstrual symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that evidence-based strategies for positive attitudes toward menstruation, menstrual symptom, and coping should be included in a comprehensive approach to a nursing intervention to help adolescent girls.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Menstruation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Gentamicins* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a single-strand RNA virus in the Flaviviridae family, it was recently identified from the plasma of a patient with chronic hepatitis. HOV infection may cause acute and chronic liver disease by blood transfusion, drug addicts, hemophilia, and multiple sexual partners. But clinical significance of infectious pathway is still unclear. In this report, we amplified HGV RNA by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) by primers within the highly conserved 5'-noncoding region (NCR) and used restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method for the polymorphism analysis of amplified HGV gene. HGV was shown to be present in 7 of 78 (9.0%) from HCV RT-PCR positive serum samples and 5 of 58 (8.6%) from HCV RT-PCR negative serum samples. From the RFLP method HGV divided into four genotypes in 12 positive samples. Therefore, HGV genotype was distributed at least four different types in Korea.
Blood Transfusion ; Drug Users ; Flaviviridae ; GB virus C* ; Genotype ; Hemophilia A ; Hepatitis* ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver Diseases ; Plasma ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length* ; RNA ; RNA Viruses ; Sexual Partners

One of the important activities nursing is the alleviating of discomfort including pain as providing comfort to patient. Postoperativediscom has been underestimated because it is only a part of postoperative physiological process and disappear in time. The study was designed to investigate the effect of relaxation technique on postoperative discomfort of patients with lumbosacral back pain. A total of 40 patients were selected as a subject from August 12th to October 10th 1995 who had been hospitalized at NS and OS nursing units in K medical center. Of them twenty were in the experimental group and the remaining twenty were in the control group in convenience sampling. The tools for study were Relaxation technique, designed to use postoperative setting adequately by Park, and Postoperative Discomfort Scale. The data were analyzed by use of t-test an x2 test. The study was concluded as follows : The main hypothesis, that "the experimental group who used relaxation technique will express a lesser score of postoperative discomfort than the control group who did not use relaxation technique" is divided into seven sub-hypotheses. Hypothesis 1, that "the experimental group will express less postoperative pain than the control group"was supported(t=-7.52, p=0.000). Hypothesis 2, that "the experimental group will express less postoperative feeling of unpleasantness than the control group"was supported(t=-7.04, p=0.000). Hypothesis 3, that "the experimental group will express less postoperative immobilization discomfort than the control group"was supported(t=-6.66, p=0.000). Hypothesis 4, that "the experimental group will show fewer nonverbal expressions of postoperative distress than the control group"was supported(t=-3.75, p=0.01). Hypothesis 5, that "the experimental group will use analgesic medication less frequently than the control group" was supported(t=-4.15, p=0.000). Hypothesis 6, that "the experimental group will have less change in vital sings between the pre and postoperative periods than control group"was supported only for respiratory rate(t=-4.06, p=0.000). Hypothesis 7. that "the experimental group will express less postoperative voiding difficulty than the control group"was not supported(t=0.06, p=0.951). As a result, this study showed that relaxation technique has the effect to postoperative discomfort of the patients with lumbosacral back pain, so the researcher thought it is enable for nurses to help patients undergoing postoperative discomfort.
Back Pain* ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Nursing ; Pain, Postoperative ; Physiological Processes ; Postoperative Period ; Relaxation*

Estrogen and progesterone receptors exist in the epithelial and stromal cells of the endometrium. Proliferative disorders of the endometrium may be associated with autocrine and paracrine actions of estrogen and progesterone in epithelial and stromal cells. This study was performed to evaluate the differences estrogen and progesterone receptor(ER/PR) expression in the epithelial and stromal cells of endometrial hyperplasias and adenocarcinomas using immunohistochemical methods. Immunohistochemical analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) was done to evaluate a possible correlation between PCNA and hormone receptor expression. Evaluation was based on samples from 31 simple hyperplasias, 30 complex hyperplasias, and 32 adenocarcinomas. The immunohistochemical expression of ER, PR and PCNA in epithelial and stromal cells were examined according to a scoring system based on the percentage of positive cells and the staining intensity. The results were as follows; 1) The expression of ER and PR in epithelial cells showed a graded, significant decreases in simple hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma, in that order(ER: P=0.008, PR: P= 0.026). 2) PR expression in the stromal cells showed a significant decrease between hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma(P=0.003). The difference in ER expression was not significant. 3) In stromal cells, the decrease in PR expression was more prominent than the decrease in ER expression when complex hyperplasia was compared to simple hyperplasia. 4) The PCNA expression in simple and complex hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma was not higher than the expression of PCNA in nomal proliferative endometrium. There was no significant difference in PCNA expression between simple and complex hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma(P=0.073). 5) A negative correlation between PCNA and ER/PR expression was not demonstrated in simple and complex hyperplasia, or in adenocarcinoma. Endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma are probably related to a paracrine action of estrogen and progesterone in epithelial and stromal cells. A progressive loss of PR expression in stromal cells may induce abnormal proliferation of endometrium due to a disrupted hormonal balance.
Adenocarcinoma

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Vaccination*

Hyperkeratosis of the renal pelvis and ureter is a rare condition and is explained by the metaplastic change from transitional to cornified squamous epithelium. This lesion is frequently associated with, and perhaps caused by chronic urinary infection, but potentially premalignant, accompaning with carcinoma in about 10 to 20 per cent of the cases at the time of diagnosis. A case of hyperkeratosis of renal pelvis & ureter which was clinically suspected of carcinoma in a 49-year old woman with a long history of chronic pyelonephritis is presented with review of literature.
Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult*

Pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis is a rare disease of haphazard overproliferation of smooth muscle from perilymphatics, peribronchial and perivascular regions of the lung that leads to chylous effusion, hemoptysis, spontaneous pneumothorax and pulmonary insufficiency. The disease only affects women of child-bearing age. There is presently no successful therapy and most of the patients die within 10 years of diagnosis. We experienced a case of pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis in a 30-year-old woman who had suffered from three episodes of spontaneous pneumothorax for 4 years. Open lung biopsy was performed. Microscopically, abnormal excess proliferation of smooth muscle tissue was identified in the wall of perivascular lymphatic channels as well as around small bronchi, and more distal air spaces. Varying sized cytic spaces Iined by cuboidal cells were also present. Tamoxifen, given if February 1991, did not influence the course of her disease. She died of respiratory failure at age of 31 in April 1991.
Female ; Humans ; Biopsy