No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Interleukins* ; Sepsis* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

School Lunch Program (SLP) should provide adequate and qualitative nutritional food for student's growth and proper food habit. With this fact, this study divided 524 middle school students who resided in Jeonju, Jellabukdo into two groups, SLP or non SLP according to whether they were provided SLP or not. Then this research estimate each group's nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitude, dietary behavior, balance of three meals, and health checking their clinical symptom to investigate the effects of the SLP. This research applied anthropometric data, questionnaires and food intake data using 24 hours recall method. Each group's age average was same as 14.0 years old respectively. The average score of nutritional knowledge and condition of balance of lunch were significantly higher in SLP group than those of non-SLP group, although, there were no significant differences in the scores of nutritional attitude, dietary behavior, and balance of breakfast and dinner within both groups. This research showed that SLP had positive role on nutritional knowledge and balanced lunch. However, current SLP is not sufficient to cause change the nutritional attitude and dietary behavior. To make more applicable and effective result of SLP leading nutritional attitude changes and development of appropriate dietary behavior, certain level of nutritional education to the student may be important.
Breakfast ; Eating ; Education ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Lunch* ; Meals ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine whether symptoms of urinary urgency increase according to the severity of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). For this purpose, we recruited women with symptoms of mixed as well as pure SUI and compared the clinical characteristics of each subgroup. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 241 female patients who were diagnosed with SUI and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with only SUI were categorized as group 1. Patients with MUI were categorized as group 2. Clinical and urodynamic differences between the 2 groups were compared. RESULTS: The proportion of Stamey grade was significantly different between the 2 groups: grade 1 SUI was higher in group 1, but grades 2 and 3 SUI were higher in group 2. The incidence of urgency was proportional to the degree of Stamey grade (23.5% in grade 1, 36.9% in grade II, and 60.0% in grade III). In the urodynamic study, the presence of detrusor overactivity was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (25.9% vs. 49.4%). Other clinical parameters were also significantly different between the 2 clinical groups: Q-tip angle (group 1: 42.1degrees, group 2: 28.6degrees, p<0.05), maximal urethral closure pressure (group 1: 54.7 cmH2O, group 2: 44.1 cmH2O, p<0.05), maximal bladder capacity (group 1: 356.3 ml, group 2: 282.0 ml, p<0.05), and bladder volume at first desire (group 1: 144.6 ml, group 2: 123.2 ml, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: According to this analysis, the more serious the symptoms of SUI, the higher the incidence of urinary urgency.
Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urinary Incontinence, Urge ; Urodynamics

OBJECTIVES: This study is to offer basic data to understand the relationships between mental health, level of depression, and internet addiction of high school students in farming communities for developing a mental health management program for adolescents. METHODS: The survey was carried out on a convenience sample of 299 high school students in farming communities during May of 2008. Data analysis procedure included chi-square -test, t-test, Pearson correlation among Adolescent Mental Health & Problem-behavior Screening Questionnaire (AMPQ), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and Scales of Internet addiction (K-scales). RESULT: First, the level of mental health according to the AMPQ for subjects from this study showed problematic behavior was lower when compared to other researches. There were statistically significant differences according to the school type for externalization problems and overall problematic behavior. Based on gender, it was even more problematic for male students in regards to externalization problems. Secondly, the level of depression was relatively low : 5.1% for potential risk and 0.3% for high risk. Thirdly, a total of 96.9% were considered normal for Internet addition levels. 1.7% for potential risk, 1.4% for high risk; however, there was no statistically significant difference between each variable. Fourthly, there was a strong relationship between subjects AMPQ, level of depression and Internet addiction. As depression worsens, Internet addiction also becomes stronger. CONCLUSION: There is a need for awareness of the mental health of adolescents and precautionary measures, the development of a program for early treatment, adequate management, and decisions on the direction of treatment.
Adolescent ; Depression ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Mental Health ; Rural Population ; Statistics as Topic ; Weights and Measures ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to verify the algorithm on bio-signals for a home-health management system. METHODS: A methodological study was done to verify the blood pressure and blood sugar algorithm to deliver tailored patient information. The verifying process was as follows: Step 1; development of the algorithm through a literature review, Step 2; programming the algorithm using Microsoft SQL Server 2005 and Visual Studio 2005, Step 3; Reviewing of the algorithm by examining results from the home-health management system and experts' evaluation Step 4; evaluating the agreement of the algorithm by comparison between results from the home-health management system and intended results using bio-signal data set, and completion of the algorithm. RESULTS: Discordance rate between results from the home-health management system and intended results for blood pressure and blood sugar were 5.72% and 2.04%, respectively. Also, discordance rate between results from the home-health management system and experts' evaluation of blood pressure and blood sugar were 30.38% and 20.41%, respectively. All discordance were revised until all the researchers reached agreement. CONCLUSION: The home-health management system with an accurate algorithm on bio-signals can contribute to promote clients' health and reduce the cost of medical services.
Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Dataset ; Humans ; Methods

BACKGROUND: After the World-Wide-Web(www) appeared, history has abruptly fallen in the new era of the Internet. In Korea, after the first medical internet site appeared, there was a major development in the WWW. But the quality and quantity of the web-page remains in infancy. Therefore, through the analysis of the Korean medical internet sites on present status, directions for development of Korean medical internet sites can be made. METHODS: From April 1st, 1999 to June 30th, 1999 in the Korean web sites, we visited 1044 sites. They included "Medmark Korea" representing medical search engine, "Eulji medical library" in the Eulji Medical College Hospital, and the medical sites of the "Yahoo Korea", "naver.com", and "simmani.com". Through this internet search, the information about locations, first publication year, classification by characteristics of homepage, speciality, web service form was obtained. Among these sites, acquireing from insufficient source further, questions were sent to the webmasters of 143 websites by e-mail. The questions included 7 items on the characteristic of webmasters, 8 items on the general characteristics of internet sites, 8 items on the contents, and their own comments. RESULTS: The occupation of webmasters was as follows: were physicians 94.4%, were male. According to age distribution, those in their thirties was 48.2%, and forties, 33.3%. Amone the 521 websites confirmed, there were 44 sites in 199 151 in 1996, 237 in 1997, and 79 in 1999. According to the distribution of location, metropolitan areas including Seoul, Inchon, Kyonggi occupied 68.9% among total. The main portion of the intentional visitors was ordinary people comprising 39.2%, members 9.8%, and physicians 7.7%. Concerning the purposes of publication, 38.7% of websites intended for health education to citizens, 31.0% for publicity of hospital or organizations, and 15.5% for exchange of information between members. For the most significant contents, 26.6% focused on the common-sense health issues, 35.7% on exchange of special medical information, 8.4% on education data for medical students, and 13.3% on publicity of hospitals. For the update interval, 22.0% renewed their sites within 1 week, 22.7% in 1 month, 23.4% in 3 months, and 20.6% in 6 months. For the effectiveness of homepage, the rate of `good' and `very good' response was 52.8%. CONCLUSION: Our investigation, showed that medical internet sites are lead by those in their thirties and forties. Web sites was concentrated to metropolitan areas where informational infrastructure was well developed. It is emphasized that efforts to informationalization by are needed by, governmental medical database systems should be established, and that the guidelines which enables validity of medical information should be set forth.
Age Distribution ; Classification ; Education ; Electronic Mail ; Gyeonggi-do ; Health Education ; Humans ; Incheon ; Internet* ; Korea* ; Male ; Occupations ; Publications ; Search Engine ; Seoul ; Students, Medical

No abstract available.

Accessory breast is an ectopic breast tissue from developemental remnants. It sometimes begins to make symptoms, pain and swelling, during premenstrual period or pregnancy. For it has been known as a rere condition, it has occasionally misdiagnosed as a abnormal mass, such as lymphadenitis or hidradenitis. We have analyzed 52 accessory breast tissues prospectively, to document the characteristic findings of accessory breast. In summary, the characteristic sonographic findings of accessory breast were the presence of breast tissue superficial to the axillary fascia or underlying fascia if not in axilla, resembling the patient's own breast pattern, the presence of converging appearance of dilated ducts, presence of nipple and/or areola, the obliteration of inner wall of dermis, the obliteration of sucutaneous fat layer, and the downward displacement of axillary fascia or underlying fascia if not in axilla wighout interruption.
Axilla ; Breast* ; Dermis ; Fascia ; Hidradenitis ; Lymphadenitis ; Nipples ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Mucopolysaccharidosis II*

No abstract available.
Mucopolysaccharidosis II*