Background : The incidence of anemia in the female athlete is high, and anemia causes not only a decrease in performance, but also various subjective symptoms. It is said that the cause of hemolysis -a type of anemia- is a decrease in antioxidants and an increase in the reactive oxygen species caused by exercise. Purpose : This study investigated the effect of acute exercise on hemolysis and oxidative stress in female athletes. Methods : On the basis of basal body temperature (BBT) data and urinary ovulation tests of the subjects (age 20.5±1.0 yr ), they were divided into two groups : eumenorrheic athletes (Eu, n=12) group, and irregular menstrual athletes (Am, n=9). The subjects performed an acute period of exhausting exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Lactate, hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, serum estradiol, haptoglobin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined in blood samples collected at rest and after exercise. Results : Lactate increased and hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, haptoglobin decreased after exercise in both the Eu and Am groups (p<0.05). However, serum TBARS did not show a significant change after exercise in both the Eu and Am groups. Conclusion : These results suggest that hemolysis may have developed, because haptoglobin decreased as a result of acute exercise. However, it is thought that the effect of oxidative stress is small because TBARS were not changed by acute exercise in both Eu and Am groups. In addition, there was no significant correlation between hemolysis and estrogen.

No abstract available.
Glomerulonephritis*

No abstract available.
Choriocarcinoma* ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy*

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging ) had been the most up-to-dated modality in evaluating white matter disease in recent years, whereas US (ultrasonogram) has been used extensively in diagnosis of neonatal PVL(periventricular leukomalacia) conventionally. We evaluated the diagnostic value of MRI by reviewing the MR findings and correlation of MR and US of PVL in II preterm infants. Evaluation criteria were MR signal intensity and discrimination of PVL on each pulse sequences land comparision between MR and US findings performed simultaneously, on the extent of PVL, size of the largest cyst and detectability of hemorrhagic lesion. MR findings of 11 cases of PVL were of low signal patterns on T1WI (T1weighted image) in 7, low signal patterns of PDWI (proton density weighted image) in 9, iso signal patterns on T2WI(T2weighted image) in 8 and low signal patterns on STIR(short time inversion recovery) in 7 cases. The lesions of 11 PVL were well discriminated in all 11 cases of T1WI, 7 cases of STR, 5 case of PDWE and 2 cases of T2WI. The lateral ventricle was diffuse dilated (n=1) and focally dilated (n=3) in atrial area. In the comparative study, MR presented more extensive lesions in 7 cases, larger cysts in 6 cases out of 7 PVL and more definitive hemorrhage in 3 cases out of 4 cases than sonography. In conclusion MR was more valuable than sonography in evaluating the extent of lesions, size of the largest cystic lesion and detetion of hemorrhage. TIWI and STIR images were more useful in detection of PVL than T2WI and PDWI.
Diagnosis ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Lateral Ventricles ; Leukoencephalopathies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

No abstract available.
Membranes* ; Pregnancy* ; Rupture*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Pepsinogen A*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of recovery from disease in the patients doing a kind of Buddhist meditation, and to develop a grounded theory about meditation. METHOD: Data was collected by an in-depth interview using tape-recordings from sixteen participants doing meditation. The data was analyzed using the grounded theory method proposed by Strauss and Corbin(1998). RESULT: The core category was discovering the true self. The participants began to do meditation because of their disease. They experienced obstacles due to incomplete religious acceptance. However, their faith grew gradually based on religious experiences that were indescribable. Finally, they entirely trusted the inner healer, which is emphasized in meditation. The strategies that they used were self reflection and seeking help for accepting deep meditation. They were stabilized in physical, psychological and social daily living. The processes of discovering the true self were identified as entering religious discipline, embodying religious discipline, self-accomplishing religious faith, and recovering mind-body health. CONCLUSION: This study provided the understanding of mind-body integration. Empirical research may be needed to prove scientifically the effects of meditation.
*Mind-Body Relations (Metaphysics) ; Middle Aged ; *Meditation ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; *Convalescence ; Buddhism ; Aged ; Adult

After aseptic or septic meningitis, some neurologic complications such as convulsions, delirium, rigidity, cerebral infarctions and cerebral hemorrhage can be developed. The cerebral infarction after meningitis is caused by arterial or venous occlusions. Involvement of small perforating arteries leads to ganglionic infarcts while severe sapsm of major vessels may lead to massive infarctions in the distribution of middle and/or anterior cerebral arteries. Cortical venous and/or dural thrombosis (especially in the superior sagittal sinus) produces typical features, including multiple areas of white matter hemorrhagic infarction. These neurologic complications are common in bacterial meningitis and very rare in aseptic meningitis. We experienced a case of cerebral infarction in MCA/ACA territory and subdural hemorrhage in occipital lobe after aseptic meningitis in 10 month-old-boy. We report a case with a brief review of related literature.
Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Arteries ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Delirium ; Ganglion Cysts ; Hematoma, Subdural* ; Infarction ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Aseptic* ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Occipital Lobe ; Seizures ; Thrombosis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the patient controlled analgesics (PCA) education program (including practicum) on post-op pain suffered by patients who have undergone gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. METHODS: The research was designed for a nonequivalent control group before and after the test design. The subjects of this study were 54 in all and were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The program consisted of a brochure for PCA use and a practicum with an actual PCA instrument. Data were collected with questionnaires and observations and were analyzed on the basis of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi2 and t-test. RESULTS: Complaints regarding pain by the experimental group were significantly less than those of the control group in both post-op 24-hour and post-op 48-hour reporting. The experimental group pressed the PCA button much less frequently than the control group in post-op 24 hours. However, there were no significant differences in side effects between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, this PCA education program can be useful in the clinical nursing field and helpful for patients who use PCA.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Analgesics ; Education* ; Humans ; Laparoscopy* ; Nursing ; Pamphlets ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis*

Diabetes mellitus is the prevalent disease among older adults. The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate the nutrition education program for diabetes mellitus patients aged 60 and over. The one group pretest and posttest design was employed to evaluate the program effectiveness. Nutrition education program for diabetes mellitus patients was carried out at the public healthy center in Guri city. The 38 out of 63 patients completed education program. They received four sessions of group education during four weeks. Nutrition education materials (booklet, leaflet) for older adults were provided to participants. Data about blood glucose, blood pressure, nutrition and diabetes mellitus knowledge, dietary behavior, dietary intake by 24-hour recalls were collected before and after nutrition education to evaluate the program effectiveness. All data were statistically analyzed using SAS package (ver.8.2) and significant difference was evaluated by chi-square-test, paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Study results showed that blood pressure and blood glucose were slightly decreased after nutrition education but they did not reach statistical significance. There were positive changes in nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior. The total score of nutrition and diabetes knowledge increased significantly (p < 0.001), and the total score of dietary behavior was improved (p < 0.05) after nutrition education. Dietary intakes of most of nutrients examined were not significantly different between preand post-test. Based on study results, it appears that nutrition education program for the aged diabetes mellitus patients might effectively increase nutrition knowledge, dietary behavior and diet quality. This nutrition education program can be used at the public health centers or senior centers for the management of diabetes mellitus for older adults.
Adult ; Aged ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diet ; Humans ; Phenothiazines ; Program Evaluation ; Public Health