We studied 21 neonates who required mechanical ventilation during study period in NICU OF Il Sin Christian Hospital with diagosis of prematurity, IRDS, pneumothorax and diaphragmatic hernia to evaluate the accuracy of pulse oximeter in predicting the arterial oxygen saturtion, hypoxia and hyperoxemia. We also studied whether the changes of birth weight, hematocrit, blood pressure and body temperature affect the accuracy of pulse oximeter. The results are 1) Linear regression analysis revealed a close correlation between in vivo pulse oximeter readings and in vitro SaO2 measurements in patients (Y=0.008X+12.34, r=0.946) 2) The changes of birth weight, hematocrit, blood pressure and body temperature did not affect the accuracy of pulse oximeter. 3) SpO2-PaO2 relationship was similar to the SsO2-PaO2 relationship. 4) When Nellcor N-100 pulse oximeter was setted at alarm limit 96% to avoid hyperoxemia, it identified 16 of 22 hyperoxemic instances (sensitivity 73%) and alarmed falsely in 48 of 92 nonhyperoxemic instances (specificity 59%).
Anoxia ; Birth Weight ; Blood Pressure ; Body Temperature ; Hematocrit ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Linear Models ; Oxygen* ; Pneumothorax ; Reading ; Respiration, Artificial

We retrospectively reviewed the MRI findings of 100 temporomandibular joints in 78 patients who had complained temporomandibular joint dysfunction. MRI findings were classified according to Wilke's staging criteria. And these findings were compared with arthrographic findings in 22 joints and surgical findings in 44 joints. According to Wilkes's staging. They were classified into 6 stages of abnormality: stage 0 (33 cases), stage I (19 cases), stage II (10 cases), stage III (18 cases), stage IV (6cases), stage V (14 cases). Among the 22 cases in which arthrography and MRI were done, both studies were well correlated in 10 joints. In 7 joints, MRI was superior to arthrography, which correctly demonstrated the meniscal displacement in 2 joints and . Meniscal deformity in 5 joints. In 5 joints, arthrography was superior to MR, which demonstrated the perforation (1 joint), adhesion (2 joint) and recapture of meniscus (2 joints). Compared with surgical findings, MRI correctly demonstrated the displacement of meniscus in all 44 joints. However, in case of the 10 meniscal perforation, MRI demonstrated the meniscal discontinuity in only 4 joints. Retrospective MR findings in 10 proven cases were the defect in posterior attachment in 4, far anterior meniscal displacement without recapture in 8m condylar spur in 4, and close bone to bone contact in 1. In conclusion, MRI as a primary Fiagnostic modality of temporomandibular joint derangment, is superior for the grading of displacement and deformity of meniscus but inferior for the evaluation of perforation, adhesion and recapture of meniscus to conventional arthrography. In case of the suspected meniscal perforation, arthrographic correlation is recommanded preoperatively.
Arthrography ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporomandibular Joint*

PURPOSE: To identify perceived importance and performance frequency of nursing interventions with nursing activities of 5 nursing interventions from the physiological domains of NIC used in the home health care nursing. METHOD: Five nursing interventions in the physiological domain of NIC were selected based on the previous finding. Data were collected from 85 nurses working in 54 home health care centers between August and October, 2004 using mailing survey(return rates : 41.5%). The questionnaire consisted of 96 nursing activities in 5 interventions with definitions, asking perceived importance and performance frequency of them. RESULT: Skin surveillance was perceived as the most important(3.52+/-0.36) intervention and also performed most frequently(4.43+/-0.45). All the nursing activities in skin surveillance appeared to be used frequently, which was rated over 4 out of 5 point Likert, while only 4 nursing activities in exercise therapy: joint mobility did. Correlations between perceived importance and performance frequency of 5 interventions were all significant (r=0.591-0.718, p=0.000). CONCLUSION: Identifying the use of particular interventions and nursing activities will help nurses simplify documentations and to deliver better care to the patients in home health care nursing.
Delivery of Health Care ; Documentation ; Exercise Therapy ; Home Health Nursing* ; Humans ; Joints ; Nursing* ; Postal Service ; Skin ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Humans ; Living Donors*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Living Donors*

The purpose of this study was to identify how students majoring in nursing perceive cause of cancers and the effects of diet for preventing cancers. Data for the study were collected by 651 nursing students, who were registered in the second and third year in three technical colleges and third and fourth year in two universities. The research instruments included items on general characteristics of subjects, items about the degree of perception of the frequency of cancer onset and items on the perception of mortality, risk factors, preventive diets, knowledge, and high risk factor for cancer in specific body areas. The findings of this study are as follows : 1. Almost all subjects(92.8%) reported that the frequency of cancer onset increases and that it is 93.9% for people over 40. Degree of perception about cancer mortality was low at 33.0%. 2. As far as the perception of risk factors for cancer onset was concerned, smoking, stress, heredity, family history, and alcohol were rated high, over 80.0%. Risk factor in clouding, virus, hormones, pesticides were rated as low. 3. As to the perception of risk factor for body area as associated with diet salted and scorched food were rated at 44.5% for stomach cancer, alcohol, 50.4% for liver cancer, smoking, 72.8% for lung cancer, pregnancy times, 25.3%, and marriage age, 23.0% for uterine cancer, and no delivery experience, 40% for breast cancer. 4. The knowledge score for cancer was between 12 and 36, with a mean score of 26.75(SD=4.13). There was a statistically significant difference between experience in caring for cancer patients during clinical practice and knowledge score(t=3.09, p=.002).
Breast Neoplasms ; Diet* ; Heredity ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Lung Neoplasms ; Marriage ; Mortality ; Nursing* ; Pesticides ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Students, Nursing ; Uterine Neoplasms

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of fat suppression technique for MR imaging of the knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight knees of 26 patients were imaged at a 1. 5 T MR system. Sagittal and coronal T2-Weighted spin echo images (SET2) and sagittal fat suppression SET2(FSSE) were obtained in all cases. We used a chemical shift imaging method for fat suppression. We compared FSSE with SET2 in terms of the conspicuity of lesions of menisci, cruciate ligaments, cartilage, bone and soft tissue of the knee. RESULTS: Meniscal lesions were detected on FSSE and SET2 as well. FSSE depicted the lesion more conspicuously in 6 cases. For the depiction of ACL tear, SET2 was superior to FSSE in 5 cases. FSSE was better for the visualization of the normal structure of cartilage and it also depicted the cartilaginous lesions more conspicuously in 3 cases. Though bone bruise could be detected on both techniques, FSSE was better. CONCLUSION: FSSE could provide the improved delineation of menisci, cartilage, bone bruise and other soft tissues except the injuries of anterior cruciate ligament. Although FSSE is a reliable method, it can not replace SET2. It may be used as a complemental method in the imaging of the knee.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Cartilage ; Complement System Proteins ; Contusions ; Humans ; Knee* ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

This study was conducted to compare the severity of cannulation pain in hemodialysis patients after topical application of EMLA cream and local injection of lidocaine and evaluated side effects and problems accompanied by the former. Twenty patients, who were on hemodialysis from September 1 to October 15, 1994 at the Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College, were divided into two groups of ten. To conduct a cross over study, two groups were placed on four repeated methods with lidocaine followed by four repeated methods with EMLA cream and vice versa, respectively, while the severity of cannulation pain was being measured according to a Visual Analogue Scale with each methods. The results are follows : 1) The scale of pain was recorded as 4.56+/-1.38 and 2.05+/-1.36 points for methods with lidocaine and EMLA cream, respectively, indicating the less severe pain with EMLA cream. 2) Local side effects such as itching(4 cases, 5.0%) and pallor(5 cases, 6.3%) were observed with methods with EMLA cream but disappeared before the completion of hemodialysis. 3) Problems associated with local lidocaine were pain at the injection of anesthetic (27 cases, 16.9%) and fear for needle insertion (6 cases, 3.8%). The most frequent problems with EMLS cream application were an inconvenience in use (11 cases, 6.9%) and tedious long pretreatment time (11 cases, 6.9%), those associated with inconvenience in cream applying procedures. 4) Twelve out of twenty patients(60.0%) responded with yes to a continued use of EMLA cream in spite of problems with cream application and economical difficulties in purchasing. These results indicate that 5% EMLA cream used as a local anesthetic in hemodialysis significantly reduces cannulation pain and lacks side effects, thus serving as a suitable method for the alleviation of cannulation pain and inconvenience in hemodialysis and the relief of psychological stress of nurses.
Catheterization ; Humans ; Lidocaine* ; Needles ; Renal Dialysis* ; Stress, Psychological

BACKGROUND: Multiple therapies involving ablative and nonablative techniques have been developed for the rejuvenation of photodamaged skin. Radiofrequency (RF) is emerging as a gentler, nonablative skin-tightening device that delivers uniform heat to the dermis at a controlled depth. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of bipolar radiofrequency (Polaris™) and 1,550-nm fractional erbium-glass laser (Mosaic™) for the treatment of photoaging using a randomized, split-face, patient- and evaluator-blind study. METHODS: We evaluated the clinical effects after the treatment of photoaging. Ten Asian women (Fitzpatrick skin type III to IV) underwent 9 weeks of treatment (3 sessions at 3-week intervals) with monotherapy (Polaris™) on one side of the face and combination therapy with non-ablative bipolar radiofrequency (Polaris™) and 1,550-nm fractional erbium-glass laser (Mosaic™) on the other side. RESULTS: Among 10 patients, 4 were male and 6 were female. Subjective and objective assessments showed that the combination therapy was more effective. As the number of the treatment sessions increased, there was an accompanying increase in the satisfaction level and efficacy. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that bipolar radiofrequency combined with 1,550-nm fractional erbium-glass laser could be effective treatment for photoaging.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Clothing ; Dermis ; Female ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Male ; Rejuvenation ; Skin

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Cerebral Infarction ; Hyperhomocysteinemia* ; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency* ; Vitamin B 12* ; Vitamins*