The subjects of this study were 100 elderly people who were over 60 years of age and had chronic pain. The study examined the matter of quality of life and self-efficacy of elderly patients with chronic pain including the influence of related factors on these variables. Also, by examining their relation, it provides basic data for the development of efficient nursing interventions for the elderly patients with chronic pain. The tools were the general self-efficacy scale by Sherer & Maddux(1982) and a specific self-efficacy Scale(Lorig et al, 1989) modified to better suit the subjects of this study. The quality of life scale by You-Ja Ro(1988) modified to better suit the subjects of this study was used. The data were collected from August to October 1999. Four researchers and two research assistants developed a data collection protocol subjected to a pilot study for confirmation of validity. In this study, the research assistants read the questionaire to the subjects and recorded the responses themselves. The interviews lasted 40-50 minutes on an average. The data thus collected were analyzed in terms of t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, using the SAS PC program. The major findings are as follows: 1) For self-efficacy it was found that males had higher self-efficacy than females for specific self-efficacy. But for general efficacy, males and females showed similar results. The the quality of life was found to be higher for males than females. 2) A positive correlation was identified between the specific self-efficacy, general self-efficacy and quality of life. 3) The general characteristics affecting the self-efficacy of elderly patients with chronic pain were employment, age, level of education, spouse, economic status and income. Self-efficacy was higher among those who were employed, aged between 66-70, well-educated, married and rich or having their own income. 4) The general characteristics affecting the quality of life of elderly patients with chronic pain were lodging with children, religion, level of education and economic status. The quality of life was higher among those who lived with their children and were Buddhists, were well-educated and rich.
Aged* ; Child ; Chronic Pain* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Employment ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nursing ; Pilot Projects ; Quality of Life* ; Spouses

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether polymorphisms of gene encoding CYP1B1 is associated with the risk of endometriosis in Korean women. METHODS: We investigated 199 patients with histopathologically confirmed endometriosis rAFS stage III/IV and 183 control group women who were surgically proven to have no endometriosis. The genetic distribution of four different CYP1B1 polymorphisms at G119-T, G432-C, T449-C, and A453-G were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism of PCR products. RESULTS: We found no overall association between each individual CYP1B1 genotype and the risk of endometriosis. The odds ratio of genotype GG/GC+GG/TC+TT/AA compared to GG/CC/CC/AA (reference) was calculated as 2.06 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.003~4.216. CONCLUSIONS: This results suggest that CYP1B1 genetic polymorphism may be associated with development of endometriosis in Korean women.
Endometriosis* ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Odds Ratio ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the relationship between sexual permissiveness, family function and parent-adolescent communication among adolescents. METHOD: A descriptive correlation approach was used and the participants were 956 male and female students. Data were collected by questionnaire survey using convenience sampling. The instruments were the Family APGAR Questionnaire by Smilkstein(1978), PAC by Olson and Barnes(1982), and the Premarital Sexual Permissiveness Questionnaire by Reiss(1967). Data were analyzed using the SPSS 10.0 program with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, t-test, and ANOVA. RESULTS: Family function was significant according to school record, economic status, living arrangement of parent. Parent-Adolescent Communication was significant according to religion, economic status, having a boy/girl friend, and experience of sexual intercourse. Sexual permissiveness was significant for all except economic status. Correlation among the variables showed that parent-adolescent communication was negatively correlated to sexual permissiveness(r=-.127, p=.000) and positively to family function(r=.368, p=.000). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that parent-adolescent communication and family function are associated with sexual permissiveness, and the findings of this study are expected to make a contribution to creating an ideal sexual culture for youth.
Adolescent* ; Coitus ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Male ; Parents ; Permissiveness* ; Residence Characteristics ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Asphyxia*

Localized pulmonary amyloidosis is a rare disease characterized by a deposition of amyloid limited to the lungs. We report a case of primary tracheobronchial amyloidosis which resulted in collapse of left lung and was confirmed by the Congo-red staining.
Amyloid ; Amyloidosis* ; Lung ; Rare Diseases

Localized pulmonary amyloidosis is a rare disease characterized by a deposition of amyloid limited to the lungs. We report a case of primary tracheobronchial amyloidosis which resulted in collapse of left lung and was confirmed by the Congo-red staining.
Amyloid ; Amyloidosis* ; Lung ; Rare Diseases

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between fatigue, sleep disturbance, and gestational stress in women during late stage of pregnancy. METHODS: This study was conducted with 113 healthy pregnant women at gestational age greater than 27 weeks who were registered at community health centers and received prenatal care. A structured questionnaire regarding fatigue, sleep disturbance, and gestational stress was used. The data was analyzed using a t-test, an ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The subjects with unplanned pregnancies and irregular exercise patterns showed a higher level of fatigue than those with planned pregnancies and regular exercise patterns. Pregnant women with caffeine intake manifested higher levels of gestational stress and sleep disturbance than those without. The levels of sleep disturbance and gestational stress increased as the fatigue levels increased. The fatigue levels increased with increased levels of sleep disturbance. CONCLUSION: Planned pregnancy, regular exercise patterns, and caffeine intake were related with fatigue, sleep disturbance, and gestational stress in women during late stages of pregnancy. Fatigue, sleep disturbance, and gestational stress had close associations to each other. In the future, such results should guide development of nursing intervention programs for women in late stages of pregnancy.
Caffeine ; Community Health Centers ; Family Planning Services ; Fatigue* ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Nursing ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Unplanned ; Pregnant Women* ; Prenatal Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sleep Wake Disorders

No abstract available.
Animals ; Horns* ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn*

This study is to define the caring experience of mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus children, by finding core category, contextual factors, intervening factors, and the patterns of caring, and to develop a practice theory on it. Research method followed grounded theory methodology by Strauss and Corbin. Subjects were six mothers, whose children have had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus for 4 months to 14 years by the interview time. They were selected by theoretical sampling. Data were collected from September, 1995 to January, 1996. Interview were done by long interview took 50 minutes to 2 hours. Content of interview was recorded and transcribed later. Based on the results of previous interview, content of next interview was planned until data reached to the saturation point. Results were as follows : One hundred and forty concepts were found. These concepts were grouped into thirty-three categories, and then to ten categories. Mothers with diabetic child were revealed to face "being overwhelmed by burden". Overwhelming by burden is found to be progressed through the cycle production-coping-decrease or in crease process. Mothers showed four patterns of adaptation in caring the diabetic children. 1) If mothers felt large amount of overwhelming by burden because of difficulty of caring and unsympathizing but they had sufficient support, no condition of the child, and their coping mechanism was positive, most of them overcome with strong will, but some fell into burnout. 2) If mothers felt large amount of overwhelming by burden because of difficulty of caring, unsympathizing, insufficient support, serious condition of the child, and their coping mechanism was negative, they fell into burnout by coping with feeling. 3) In mothers felt small amount of overwhelming by burden because of little difficulty of caring and sympathizing, sufficient support, no serious condition of the child, but their coping was negative, most of them fell into burnout by coping with feeling, but some overcome. 4) If mothers felt small amount of overwhelming by burden because of little difficulty of caring and unsympathizing, sufficient support, no serious condition of the child, and their coping was positive, they overcome with strong will. On the basis of the above result, in order to help mothers take good care of their children, nursing assesment and intervention on life readjustment, and getting support should be required. Especially, through understanding mothers' personalities, individual support consistent with each of them should be required. Therefore education, counseling, mutual support and exchange of information will have to be accomplished.
Child* ; Counseling ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* ; Education ; Equidae ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Nursing

Purpose: Despite advances in neonatal care, extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) remains common in preterm infants. This retrospective single-center study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of EUGR in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods: Data were collected concerning VLBW infants with gestational age (GA) <32 weeks between 2011 and 2020. EUGR was defined as a decline in weight z-score >1.2 from birth to discharge, using Fenton growth charts. Results: Among 331 eligible preterm infants, the prevalence of EUGR at discharge was 71.6%. Infants with EUGR had lower GA and birth weight than those without EUGR. They also underwent prolonged durations of parenteral nutrition, invasive ventilation, and hospitalization. Neonatal morbidities, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis, gastrointestinal surgery, sepsis, and parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis were more prevalent in the EUGR group. Multivariate analysis identified lower GA and longer time to reach full enteral feeding as independent risk factors, whereas maternal use of antenatal steroids and history of gestational diabetes mellitus were independent protective factors for EUGR. Conclusion As VLBW infants are at a high risk of EUGR, continuous attention and efforts to achieve early full enteral nutrition are required to decrease the incidence of EUGR.