BACKGROUND: This study aims to obtain basic data regarding the proper maintenance and potential role of humidifiers in the development of nosocomial pneumonia. We investigated into a spectrum of bacteria that grew after disinfection in humidifiers that were used in intensive care units (ICUs). The bacteria were isolated at different time points after disinfection. METHODS: We randomly selected 6 humidifiers that were used in an ICU and conducted a series of bacterial culture studies at 24 hr, 48 hr, 72 hr and 168 hr after disinfecting the six humidifiers. The fluid from the humidifider was cultured in the same manner as the dialysate. RESULTS: No bacteria were isolated in most of the 6 humidifiers 24 hr after the disinfection of the instruments. Gram-negative bacilli such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Burkholderia cepacia, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were cultured at 48 hr after disinfection. CONCLUSION: Regular and thorough disinfection of humidifiers is necessary to prevent possible spread of infection via humidifiers in the ICU.
Acinetobacter baumannii ; Bacteria ; Burkholderia cepacia ; Disinfection ; Critical Care ; Intensive Care Units ; Pneumonia ; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

No abstract available.
Echocardiography* ; Heart Defects, Congenital*

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

Congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis (CSHRH) typically presents at birth or in the first few weeks of life as a widespread eruption of cutaneous red-brown papulonodules that resolve spontaneously without involvement of other organs. While multiple lesions are common, a solitary lesion is rare. We describe a solitary type of CSHRH in a full-term, male neonate. He had an erythematous papule with a yellowish crust on the left heel without any systemic symptoms. Four weeks later, the skin lesion had disappeared spontaneously.
Heel ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Parturition ; Skin

We present a case of accessory tragus (AT) which developed at an unusual site, the nasal vestibule, of a 1-day-old girl. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an accessory tragus that appears on the nasal vestibule.

PURPOSE: To determine impacts of symptom clusters, performance and emotional status on the quality of life of gynecologic cancer patients. METHODS: Subjects completed questionnaires consisting of four measurements: symptom cluster, performance and emotional status, and the quality of life. A total of 104 completed data sets were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and a multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 21.0 program. RESULTS: Fatigue was identified as the most prevalent symptom (77.9%) and sweating (2.08) as the most severe and uncomfortable symptom (1.80). Six symptom clusters, performance status, anxiety and depression were negatively correlated with quality of life. Four symptom clusters were positively correlated with performance status, and six symptom clusters were positively correlated with anxiety and depression. Factors affecting quality of life were abdominal discomfort cluster (β=−0.23, p=0.005), performance status (β=−0.20, p=0.020), and depression (β=−0.42, p < 0.001). The model was statistically significant explaining 42.5% of variance (F=26.369, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings supported that symptom clusters and depression negatively influence the quality of life and need to be addressed as we are caring for patients and promoting quality of life.
Anxiety ; Dataset ; Depression ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Sweat ; Sweating

The purpose of this study was to analyse the current adult nursing curriculum content in diploma and baccaleurate level nursing schools. The Study was initiated by the Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing and data were collected from these institutions from March 1997 to April 1998. The questionnaire was constructed after several meetings of researchers which included course description, objectives, conceptual framework, credits(theory and practicum), number of teaching staffs, content and hours for each content. The questionnaire was sent to all of the nursing schools(41 baccalaureate and 62 diploma) in the nation and the response rate were 53.7% in baccalaureate and 25.8% in diploma schools. Primary analysis was took place during summer workship of 1997 Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing. The second analysis was carried out after additional data of detailed content and hours in adult nursing course were obtained from the schools. The result of primary analysis were as below : 1) The consensus in philosophy of adult nursing was drawn. The client of adult nursing was defined as individual over 18 years who has psychological, physical, social and spiritual aspects and interacting with environment. The client is a member of family and community. The students who finished the course should be able to adapt nursing process to their clients, and improve quality of life. The client, nursing process and nursing were common concepts which included in their conceptual framework. 2) Theory credits ranged 9-18(mean 14.1), practicum credits ranged 5-12(mean 8.1). The number of teaching staffs ranged from 2-6(mean 3.2). 3) The content which most hours assigned to were neuro/endocrine(mean 30.8 hours) gastrointestinal(mean 28.4 hours), cardiovascular(mean 28.6 hours) and respiratory(mean 22.7 hours) systems. 4) Areas taught by other profession(mostly physician) were eye, ear, nose, throat integumentary, radiation therapy, neuromuscular, rehabilitation, respiratory physiology, male genitourinary, pathology and anesthesiology. 5) Contents overlap with other course content should be rearranged in each school curriculums. Improvement of RN national board examination is prerequsite in order to improve adult nursing education in Korea. The result of second analysis were as below : 1) Credits required for graduation were 130-175 in baccalaureate, 93-134 in diploma. Thirteen to Twenty-eight percent of total credits required for nursing major were credits of adult nursing. 2) Mean hours of total adult nursing lecture were 217 in baccalareuate and 212 in diploma. 3) Disease process occupied more hours than nursing process in adult nursing theory. It is suggested to include all nursing educational institutions in order to complete the survey, to delineate the core contents of adult nursing and rate of hours between theory and practise by Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing.
Adult* ; Anesthesiology ; Consensus ; Curriculum* ; Ear ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Nose ; Nursing Process ; Nursing Theory ; Nursing* ; Pathology ; Pharynx ; Philosophy ; Quality of Life ; Rehabilitation ; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena ; Schools, Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to investigate health problems of migrant workers in Korea. METHODS: The data were collected from the records of the medical history of 2,233 migrant workers who visited the community health clinic in Ansan city, Gyeonggi province from Jan. 2005 to Jan. 2007. The data were analyzed by SPSS. RESULTS: Men accounted for 56.4% of the total who participated in the study. Most of them were Chinese, Russian, and Bangladesh people. The 590 people out of all the migrant workers were employed in manufacturing industries and they comprised the largest percentage. The most commonly complained health problems were musculoskeletal (31.7%), digestive (20.7%), respiratory (12.5%), dermatologic (6.5%), cardiovascular (5.5%) and dental disorder (5.2%). The 1,853 (36.0%) workers were assumed to have hypertensive disorder and 1310 (11.1%) workers ,some diseases due to high cholesterol level. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to establish a public health care system to improve health and welfare of migrant workers. Furthermore, the communities need to draw their attention to this matter. And it is also necessary to make accurate research on their health and medical service.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bangladesh ; Cholesterol ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Public Health ; Transients and Migrants

PURPOSE: Bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-7, a member of TGF-beta1 superfamily, is an endogenous antifibrotic protein highly expressed in normal kidney. It is not known, however, whether human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) express BMP-7 or if BMP-7 protects against peritoneal fibrosis and by what mechanism. We examined the effect of BMP-7 overexpression in TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HPMC and in TGF-beta1 signaling in HPMC to elucidate the mechanisms of antifibrotic effect of BMP-7. METHODS: Growth arrested and synchronized HPMC were stimulated with 2 ng/mL of TGF-beta1 to induce EMT. HPMC were transiently transfected with adenovirus-mediated human BMP-7 (AdBMP-7) or with GFP (AdGFP). EMT was defined as downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA). RESULTS: HPMC constitutively expressed BMP-7 mRNA and protein. BMP-7 mRNA and protein expression were significantly inhibited by 50 mM D-glucose, 2x diluted commercial peritoneal dialysis solution, and 2 ng/ml of TGF-beta1. Transfection of AdBMP-7 resulted in 2.5-fold increase in BMP-7 mRNA expression in HPMC. TGF-beta1 significantly decreased E-cadherin and increased alpha-SMA expression in GFP transfected cells. BMP-7 overexpression effectively reversed TGF-beta1-induced E-cadherin and alpha-SMA expression and significantly suppressed TGF-beta1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3, ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK in HPMC as compared to GFP transfected cells. CONCLUSION: BMP-7 is an endogenous antifibrotic protein and downregulation of BMP-7 in HPMC by high glucose, PD solution, and TGF-beta1 may permit the development of peritoneal fibrosis during long-term PD. Our data demonstrate that BMP-7 overexpression reverses TGF-beta1-induced EMT of HPMC and consequent peritoneal fibrosis possibly through inhibition of Smad2/3 and MAPK phosphorylation.
Actins ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7* ; Cadherins ; Down-Regulation ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Glucose ; Humans ; Kidney ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Peritoneal Fibrosis ; Peritoneum* ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Messenger ; Transfection ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Up-Regulation

PURPOSE: This study was to evaluate the characteristics of selective spinal anesthesia using 1 mg of bupivacaine combined with fentanyl or sufentanil in elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six patients were randomized into two groups. The Fentanyl group received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.2 mL+fentanyl 20 microg+5% dextrose 1.4 mL, and the Sufentanil group received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.2 mL+sufentanil 5 microg+5% dextrose 1.7 mL intrathecally. Intraoperative and postoperative characteristics were evaluated. Patient satisfaction was assessed postoperatively. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients in each group completed the study. The median peak sensory block level was similar between two groups, but sensory regression time was longer in the Sufentanil group than the Fentanyl group (p=0.017). All patients were able to move themselves to the bed without any aid when they arrived at the admission room. Pain scores were lower in the Sufentanil group than the Fentanyl group at postoperative 6, 12, and 18 hours (p=0.001). Compared to the Fentanyl group, the Sufentanil group required less postoperative analgesia (p=0.023) and the time to the first analgesic request was longer (p=0.025). Twenty-four of 26 patients (92.3%) in each group showed "good" satisfaction level. CONCLUSION: Selective spinal anesthesia using 1 mg of bupivacaine with fentanyl or sufentanil provided appropriate sensory block level with spared motor function for transurethral resection of the prostate in elderly patients. Intrathecal sufentanil was superior to fentanyl in postoperative analgesic quality.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Analgesics, Opioid/*administration & dosage ; Anesthesia, Spinal/*methods ; Anesthetics, Local/*administration & dosage ; Bupivacaine/*administration & dosage ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Fentanyl/*administration & dosage ; Humans ; Injections, Spinal ; Male ; Patient Satisfaction ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate/*surgery ; Sufentanil/*administration & dosage ; Time Factors ; *Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Treatment Outcome