PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of simulation-based education for delivery nursing performed in Korea and its effects. METHODS: report was prepared by guidelines presented by PRISMA group. The key words used for search were 'delivery nursing and simulation', 'obstetric nursing and simulation', or 'integrated nursing and simulation'. A total of 13 studies published in South Korea from 2012 to 2015 were included in the final analysis. The R with the 'metafor' package was used for the analysis. RESULTS: This study found that simulation-based education for delivery nursing was effective in improving clinical performance, clinical judgement, communication skills, confidence, knowledge, learning attitude, satisfaction, and self-efficacy and in reducing practice stress. CONCLUSION: This study reaffirms the effect of simulation-based education for delivery nursing. In order for nursing students to equip more flexible practice capability in this rapidly changing clinical field, the use of simulation-based learning is considered now almost essential. The result of this study can be used as a reference for evidence-based education for delivery nursing.
Education* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Learning ; Nursing* ; Republic of Korea ; Students, Nursing

The autoinfective filariform larva of Strongyloides stercoralis causes hyperinfection in immunosuppressed hosts. Here we report on the case of a male patient who was admitted to the emergency room at Gwangju Veterans Hospital with a complaint of dyspnea, and who was receiving corticosteroid therapy for asthma. Many slender larvae of S. stercoralis with a notched tail were detected in Papanicolaou stained sputum. They measured 269 +/- 21.2 micrometer in length and 11 +/- 0.6 micrometer in width. The esophagus extended nearly half of the body length. The larvae were identified putatively as autoinfective third-stage filariform larvae, and their presence was fatal. The autoinfective filariform larva of S. stercoralis has not been previously reported in Korea.
Aged ; Animals ; Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Larva ; Male ; Sputum ; Strongyloides/growth & development/*isolation & purification ; Strongyloidiasis/*etiology ; Superinfection/*parasitology

PURPOSE: This study was to evaluate the characteristics of selective spinal anesthesia using 1 mg of bupivacaine combined with fentanyl or sufentanil in elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six patients were randomized into two groups. The Fentanyl group received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.2 mL+fentanyl 20 microg+5% dextrose 1.4 mL, and the Sufentanil group received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.2 mL+sufentanil 5 microg+5% dextrose 1.7 mL intrathecally. Intraoperative and postoperative characteristics were evaluated. Patient satisfaction was assessed postoperatively. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients in each group completed the study. The median peak sensory block level was similar between two groups, but sensory regression time was longer in the Sufentanil group than the Fentanyl group (p=0.017). All patients were able to move themselves to the bed without any aid when they arrived at the admission room. Pain scores were lower in the Sufentanil group than the Fentanyl group at postoperative 6, 12, and 18 hours (p=0.001). Compared to the Fentanyl group, the Sufentanil group required less postoperative analgesia (p=0.023) and the time to the first analgesic request was longer (p=0.025). Twenty-four of 26 patients (92.3%) in each group showed "good" satisfaction level. CONCLUSION: Selective spinal anesthesia using 1 mg of bupivacaine with fentanyl or sufentanil provided appropriate sensory block level with spared motor function for transurethral resection of the prostate in elderly patients. Intrathecal sufentanil was superior to fentanyl in postoperative analgesic quality.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Analgesics, Opioid/*administration & dosage ; Anesthesia, Spinal/*methods ; Anesthetics, Local/*administration & dosage ; Bupivacaine/*administration & dosage ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Fentanyl/*administration & dosage ; Humans ; Injections, Spinal ; Male ; Patient Satisfaction ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate/*surgery ; Sufentanil/*administration & dosage ; Time Factors ; *Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: This study was to evaluate the characteristics of selective spinal anesthesia using 1 mg of bupivacaine combined with fentanyl or sufentanil in elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six patients were randomized into two groups. The Fentanyl group received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.2 mL+fentanyl 20 microg+5% dextrose 1.4 mL, and the Sufentanil group received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.2 mL+sufentanil 5 microg+5% dextrose 1.7 mL intrathecally. Intraoperative and postoperative characteristics were evaluated. Patient satisfaction was assessed postoperatively. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients in each group completed the study. The median peak sensory block level was similar between two groups, but sensory regression time was longer in the Sufentanil group than the Fentanyl group (p=0.017). All patients were able to move themselves to the bed without any aid when they arrived at the admission room. Pain scores were lower in the Sufentanil group than the Fentanyl group at postoperative 6, 12, and 18 hours (p=0.001). Compared to the Fentanyl group, the Sufentanil group required less postoperative analgesia (p=0.023) and the time to the first analgesic request was longer (p=0.025). Twenty-four of 26 patients (92.3%) in each group showed "good" satisfaction level. CONCLUSION: Selective spinal anesthesia using 1 mg of bupivacaine with fentanyl or sufentanil provided appropriate sensory block level with spared motor function for transurethral resection of the prostate in elderly patients. Intrathecal sufentanil was superior to fentanyl in postoperative analgesic quality.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Analgesics, Opioid/*administration & dosage ; Anesthesia, Spinal/*methods ; Anesthetics, Local/*administration & dosage ; Bupivacaine/*administration & dosage ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Fentanyl/*administration & dosage ; Humans ; Injections, Spinal ; Male ; Patient Satisfaction ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate/*surgery ; Sufentanil/*administration & dosage ; Time Factors ; *Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Treatment Outcome

Prostatic adenocarcinoma cells can be detected in urine cytology specimens when the tumor extends to the bladder mucosa. We report a case of prostatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed by urine cytology. A 70-year-old man presented with urinary frequency and low back pain. On rectal examination, a nodular mass was palpated in the left side of prostate. Bone scan revealed multifocal hot lesions suggesting metastasis. Urine cytology revealed hypocellular smear on clean or bloody background. Tumor cells were mainly arranged in syncytial or papillary clusters which occasionally contained foci of luminal formation. The cytoplasm of tumor cells was finely granular. The nuclei of tumor cells revealed evenly distributed fine chromatin and large prominent nucleoli without nuclear pleomorphism. In needle biopsy specimen of prostate, tumor cells were detected in entire prostatic tissue with extension to pericapsular soft tissue. The tumor cells infiltrated individually or in a cord-like fashion with foci of cribriform pattern. Inconspicuous nuclear pleomorphism and prominent nucleoli were also noted.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Aged ; Biopsy, Needle ; Chromatin ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Mucous Membrane ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Phenobarbital ; Prostate ; Urinary Bladder

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with community and hospital onset MRSA isolated from patients admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital. METHODS: The study was carried out on MRSA isolated from clinical specimens of patients admitted into the wards and the intensive care unit in a 2,200-bed tertiary care teaching hospital from January 1st through December 31st, 2007. In order to identify the risk factors associated with MRSA acquisition, the medical records were reviewed. All statistics were computed using SPSS version 14.0. RESULTS: Of the 835 MRSA isolates, 179 (21.4%) were CO-MRSA and 656 (78.6%) were HO-MRSA. Of the 179 CO-MRSA isolates, 6 (3.4%) were CA-MRSA. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a history of using medical device or antibiotics within 1 year before the isolation of MRSA were significant risk factors for HO-MRSA, and a history of hospitalization within 1 year before the isolation of MRSA was a significant risk factor for CO-MRSA. Analysis on the antibiotics administered within 1 year before the isolation of MRSA showed that levofloxacin, macrolides, 1st generation cephalosporins, 3rd generation cephalosporins, 4th generation cephalosporins, vancomycin, metronidazole, and carbapenem were all significant risk factors for HO-MRSA and that TMP/SMX was a significant risk factor for CO-MRSA. Of the 6 (3.4%) CA-MRSA isolates, 1 (16.7%) was the pathogen responsible for soft tissue infection. No patients died from the CA-MRSA infection. CONCLUSION: MRSA isolated from clinical specimens of patients admitted into the wards and the ICU in a tertiary care teaching hospital was usually HO-MRSA, CO-MRSA and HO-MRSA usually had at least one of the risk factors associated with MRSA acquisition, and CO-MRSA was mainly HACO-MRSA.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cephalosporins ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Logistic Models ; Macrolides ; Medical Records ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Metronidazole ; Ofloxacin ; Risk Factors ; Soft Tissue Infections ; Tertiary Healthcare ; Vancomycin

BACKGROUND: Semantic dementia (SD) is a temporal variant of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), which is characterized by naming difficulty, decreased comprehension of words, prosopagnosia and object visual agnosia. We report clinical features, neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings of 4 patients with SD. METHODS: Of 55 patients diagnosed as having FTLD between Jan 1995 and May 2001 at Samsung Medical Center, four patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of SD proposed by consensus on FTLD diagnostic criteria. We investigated their clinical features such as presenting symptoms and abnormal behaviors, neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings. Neuropsychological tests included the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery, the Korean-version of Western Aphasia Battery and Hanja reading and writing. All patients underwent brain MRI and FDG-PET. RESULTS: All of the patients showed naming difficulty as a presenting symptom. Language assessments showed severe naming and compre-hension difficulties with preserved fluency and repetition, which were compatible with transcortical sensory aphasia. Whereas Hangul reading aloud and writing were intact, three patients were impaired at Hanja reading and writing. Other neuropsychological tests were remarkable for prosopagnosia, object visual agnosia and memory loss. Brain MRI showed asymmetric temporal atrophies, mainly left antero-inferior temporal cortices. FDG-PET also showed hypome-tabolism in bilateral anterior temporal lobes, more severe on the left. CONCLUSIONS: Our SD patients had characteristic neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings, which can be differentiated from other neurodegenerative diseases. We also found Hanja alexia and agraphia in SD patients, which has not been reported yet.
Agnosia ; Agraphia ; Aphasia ; Aphasia, Wernicke ; Atrophy ; Brain ; Comprehension ; Consensus ; Dyslexia ; Frontotemporal Dementia* ; Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mass Screening ; Memory Disorders ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neuroimaging* ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Prosopagnosia ; Semantics* ; Seoul ; Temporal Lobe ; Writing

In order to identify novel proapoptotic genes, we screened approximately 1,000 hypothetical genes whose functions are completely unknown. After these genes were transiently expressed in HeLa cells, their nuclei images were captured using automated high-speed fluorescence microscope, through which the ratio of apoptotic nuclei was estimated. We selected genes that induce greater than 3-fold increase in apoptotic nuclei compared to that of the vector control. The candidate proapoptotic genes were sequenced and their effects on cell death were further confirmed by the additional assay, DNA fragmentation ELISA. Finally, we were able to identify 4 full-length hypo-thetical genes with proapoptotic activity.
Apoptosis ; Cell Death ; DNA Fragmentation ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fluorescence ; HeLa Cells ; Humans

BACKGROUND: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a prototype compound of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, produces diverse biologic effects. Although nephrotoxicity of aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzo[a]pyrene(BP) is well known, little is known about the effects of TCDD on renal function. Thus, the present study examined the effects of TCDD on cell viability, proliferation, and extracellular matrix(ECM) synthesis by glomerular mesangial cells, LLC-PK1 cells representing proximal tubular epithelial cells, and MDCK cells representing distal epithelial cells and compared with the effects of BP. METHODS: Quiescent cells were incubated with serum free media containing different concentrations of TCDD(1-100 nM) and BP(3 and 30 micro M) for 24- 96 hours. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release and [3H]-thymidine incorporation, respectively. Secreted fibronectin was measured by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: When cells were continuously exposed to TCDD, LDH release significantly increased in MMC, LLC-PK1, and MDCK in a dose- and a time- dependent manner. [3H]-Thymidine incorporation was increased in MMC and LLC-PK1 but decreased in MDCK by TCDD. Contrary to TCDD, 30 micro BP significantly inhibited [3H]-thymidine incorporation in MMC and MDCK but not in LLC-PK1. Both TCDD and BP increased fibronectin secretion by MMC, LLC-PK1, and MDCK cells, suggesting that TCDD and BP may cause renal fibrosis leading to loss of renal function. CONCLUSION: These data provide experimental evidence that TCDD can alter cell viability and proliferation and increase ECM synthesis by renal cells which may lead to renal injury.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Survival ; Culture Media, Serum-Free ; Epithelial Cells* ; Fibronectins ; Fibrosis ; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic ; Lactic Acid ; LLC-PK1 Cells ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Mesangial Cells ; Swine ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin

BACKGROUND: Several studies have found an association between decreased respiratory function and renal impairment in those with chronic kidney disease. The relationship has not been investigated for healthy smokers. The aim of this study was to examine the association between respiratory function and renal function according to smoking status in Korean male population. METHODS: From the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), we enrolled 1246 male participants who were 40 years or older. As a cross-sectional study, the association between respiratory function and renal function were analysed depending on the' smoking status. Pearson correlation analysis was used to find the association between respiratory function and renal impairment. Covariance Analysis allowed to compare renal function (albuminuria, eGFR) with respiratory function (FEV1, FVC) according to smoking status. RESULTS: Regardless of smoking status, there was a negative correlation between respiratory function (FEV1 and FVC) and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (LogUACR), and positive correlation between respiratory function (FEV1 and FVC) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Smokers have lower FEV1 and FVC in case they have albuminuria, after adjusting for covariant (P=0.012, P=0.010, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory function was significantly lower in male smokers with albuminuria. Primary care physicians need to recognize that albuminuria may accompany with decreased respiratory function and to detect renal function impairment earlier in male smokers.
Albuminuria* ; Creatinine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male* ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Smoke* ; Smoking*