The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of self-care activities of stroke patients, the family burden, and the educational needs of primary caregivers. A descriptive survey research was conducted in 97 stroke patients and their respective primary caregivers. Data were collected the using 26th to by interviews a structure questionnare from July August 5th, 1999. NIH stroke status was 12.15+/-8.40, the degree of self-care activities of stroke patients was 26.85+/-9.39. The score of objective burden of primary caregivers was 31.24+/-4.81 and subjective burden was 24.30+/-6.99. The score of the educational needs was 89.78+/-9.99. We present several imformations about clients from these scores as follows: The patients were convalescent and their depentant level of self-care was middle range: The objective burden was higher than the subjective burden: And the educational needs of family caregivers were very high. The Elain Mattis Educational Wants of Family Caregivers of Disabled Adults Questionnaire was used to assess the educational needs of primary caregivers of stroke patients. The results of this research are offered to help nurses understand the feelings of uncertainty about the new and unexpected role that family caregivers face and to help nurses meet the needs of families preparing to care stroke survivors at home.
Adult ; Caregivers* ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Care* ; Stroke* ; Survivors ; Uncertainty

PURPOSE: This qualitative study aimed to understand the experiences of reorganization of everyday lives among the women with chronic health problem. METHODS: In this study, the approach and its process of sociology of everyday lives were adopted. Data for the study came from 6 informants and 9 family members of the informants by interview and participant-observation from January, 2004 to May, 2006. Qualitative content analyzing methods were adopted. RESULTS: Informants' everyday lives were reorganized as follows. During the experiences of shock from unpleasant and unclear symptoms of their body, their sight fixed on the body part. Their time also fixed on a point of present. They started to wander from medical care to folk and lay care. After they were informed that the health problem could not be treated completely, they reduced the world of everyday life and protected themselves from the chaotic unfamiliar world by setting -a- side duties as a family member and severing unessential social relationship. As they achieved a skill for managing their health problem, they gained their former pattern of everyday lives as a woman, a family member, and a social member. Finally, they created a new life world. CONCLUSION: We need more study on the development of an adaptive strategy by the informants, to intervene in the crisis of everyday life.
Female ; Humans ; Lymphedema* ; Shock ; Sociology

No abstract available.
Angiomyoma* ; Vulva*

No abstract available.
Angiomyoma* ; Vulva*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of simulation-based education for delivery nursing performed in Korea and its effects. METHODS: report was prepared by guidelines presented by PRISMA group. The key words used for search were 'delivery nursing and simulation', 'obstetric nursing and simulation', or 'integrated nursing and simulation'. A total of 13 studies published in South Korea from 2012 to 2015 were included in the final analysis. The R with the 'metafor' package was used for the analysis. RESULTS: This study found that simulation-based education for delivery nursing was effective in improving clinical performance, clinical judgement, communication skills, confidence, knowledge, learning attitude, satisfaction, and self-efficacy and in reducing practice stress. CONCLUSION: This study reaffirms the effect of simulation-based education for delivery nursing. In order for nursing students to equip more flexible practice capability in this rapidly changing clinical field, the use of simulation-based learning is considered now almost essential. The result of this study can be used as a reference for evidence-based education for delivery nursing.
Education* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Learning ; Nursing* ; Republic of Korea ; Students, Nursing

OBJECTIVE: The tripartite model categorizes symptoms of depression and anxiety into three groups: 1) non-specific general distress that is shared between depression and anxiety, 2) depression-specific symptoms that include low positive affect and loss of interest, and 3) anxiety-specific symptoms that include somatic arousal. The Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (MASQ) was developed to measure these three factors of depression and anxiety. The purpose of the present study was to test the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the MASQ (K-MASQ) in adolescents. METHODS: Community-dwelling adolescents (n=933) were randomly assigned to two groups. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted in each group to identify the factor structure of the K-MASQ. The reliability and validity of the K-MASQ were also evaluated. RESULTS: Our results support the three-factor structure of the K-MASQ in adolescents. However, we found that the specific items of each factor differed from those of the original MASQ. That is, the depression-specific factor was only related to low positive affect and not loss of interest, and the anxiety-specific factor included more items related to general somatic symptoms of anxiety. The reliability and validity of the K-MASQ were found to be satisfactory. CONCLUSION: The K-MASQ supports the tripartite model of depression and anxiety and has satisfactory reliability and validity among Korean adolescents. The K-MASQ can be used to distinguish unique symptoms of depression and anxiety in Korean adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Anxiety* ; Arousal ; Depression ; Humans ; Korea ; Psychometrics ; Surveys and Questionnaires* ; Reproducibility of Results

This study was to investigate dietary habit for residents in the rural area of Chonnam, Muan. The subjects were composed of 61.2% male and 38.3% female (510 adults). In regularity of meal time, 56.3% of the subjects had meals regularly. The older people were significantly higher than the younger people at regular intervals of meal times (p < 0.0001). The majority of the subjects had appropriate meal amounts. 73.5% of the subjects had balanced diets. Unbalanced diet was higher in younger people than in older people. The highest frequency to dining out was once a month and the lower age was significantly higher than older age (p < 0.001). When dining-out, the most important criteria for selecting a meal was the taste of food. 62.4% of the subjects ate meat and greasy animal food more than once a week. The younger in age and higher in educational levels have increased meat intake frequency. In the eating methods of animal fat, 37.5% of the subjects were high by eating generally untouched. The older in age, lower in education level have more increased animal fat intake frequency. 60.7% of the subjects took snacks. The kinds of snacks were fruits, coffee, alcoholic drinks, candies and confectioneries, drinkables and tea, milk and dairy products, in order. Consequently, nutrition education is for them with special emphasis on regularity of meal times, unbalanced diets, dining-out and snacks to the younger people, whereas it is the necessary eating methods of animal fat and snacks to the older people.
Alcoholics ; Animals ; Candy ; Coffee ; Dairy Products ; Diet ; Eating ; Education ; Female ; Food Habits* ; Fruit ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do* ; Male ; Meals ; Meat ; Milk ; Snacks ; Tea

The effect of the cooling rate on changes in hardness, flexural strength, and microstructure of zirconia core ceramics was investigated during simulated porcelain firing without layering porcelain on the zirconia core ceramic. Three cooling rates were tested: 227.5 ℃/min, which is the rate suggested by the manufacturer, Stage 0 (taking the ceramic out of the firing chamber immediately after firing and bench cooling to room temperature), and Stage 3 (cooling to 600 ℃ with the firing chamber closed and then bench cooling to room temperature (33 ℃/min)). In the Stage 0 group and the group cooled at the rate suggested by the manufacturer, the hardness increased compared to the group before firing (p<0.001). The hardness of the Stage 3 group was not different from that of the group before firing (p>0.05). The grain size of the specimen groups whose hardness increased after firing was reduced by recrystallization, but the Stage 3 group had coarsened grains. In all test groups before and after firing, only the tetragonal phase was observed. In particular, a metastable phase (T’) in which the axial ratio (c/a ratio = c/√ 2a) was closer to 1 coexisted with the tetragonal phase. The flexural strength of the zirconia core did not exhibit a significant difference with respect to the cooling rate (p>0.05).

The effect of the cooling rate on changes in hardness, flexural strength, and microstructure of zirconia core ceramics was investigated during simulated porcelain firing without layering porcelain on the zirconia core ceramic. Three cooling rates were tested: 227.5 ℃/min, which is the rate suggested by the manufacturer, Stage 0 (taking the ceramic out of the firing chamber immediately after firing and bench cooling to room temperature), and Stage 3 (cooling to 600 ℃ with the firing chamber closed and then bench cooling to room temperature (33 ℃/min)). In the Stage 0 group and the group cooled at the rate suggested by the manufacturer, the hardness increased compared to the group before firing (p<0.001). The hardness of the Stage 3 group was not different from that of the group before firing (p>0.05). The grain size of the specimen groups whose hardness increased after firing was reduced by recrystallization, but the Stage 3 group had coarsened grains. In all test groups before and after firing, only the tetragonal phase was observed. In particular, a metastable phase (T’) in which the axial ratio (c/a ratio = c/√ 2a) was closer to 1 coexisted with the tetragonal phase. The flexural strength of the zirconia core did not exhibit a significant difference with respect to the cooling rate (p>0.05).

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was the development of a comprehensive nursing intervention program for the client with acute lymph stasis and stage I lymphedema. METHOD: The Quasi-experimental design using a non-equivalent control group was used. The subjects were 22 stroke patients with lymph stasis in the control group and 23 patients in the experimental group. The complex physical therapy of Casley-Smith was carried out to the control group for 10 hours, and comprehensive nursing intervention for the experimental group was carried out for 60 minutes. The data for this study was gathered from Feb. 2002 until June 2002 and pertains knowledge about lymphedema, self-care for managing lymphedema, and circumferences of affected limbs. Data was analyzed by mean, standard deviation, x2-test, and t-test. RESULT: The changes in knowledge about lymphedema, self-care practices, and circumference of affected limbs after nursing intervention did not show significant differences between control group and experiment group. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that comprehensive nursing intervention had more efficiency than complex physical therapy in the treatment of edema for stroke patients because of it's simplicity and time saving. Thereby, the comprehensive nursing intervention program developed in this study would be a useful therapy for the clients with lymph stasis and early stage lymphedema.
Edema ; Extremities ; Humans ; Lymphedema* ; Nursing* ; Self Care ; Stroke