The purpose of this study was to investigate degree of the health promoting behavior and self-esteem of nursing college students, and to ide tify the relationship between self-esteem and the health promoting behavior. The sample consisted of 122 college nursing students and 100 university nursing student The instruments for this study were structured questionnaire which included health promoting behavior practice level(60 items), self-esteem(10), sociodemographic characteristics (10). Data were collected from September 14 to September 28, 1998 and analyzed by SAS rogram t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regreacion. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The results of the comparison between the two groups were not significantly different for self-esteem and health promoting behavior and socio-demographic characteristics. The average score for the health promoting behavior was high 162.5(total 240). and self-esteem was high, too 30.5(total 40). In the subcategories the highest practice level was "personal hygiene(3.30)", and the lowest level was "health management(1.57)". 2. Health promoting behavior was significantly correlated with self-esteem(r = .4970, p= .0001). 3. Self-esteem was the main factor predicting health promoting behavior and accounted for 24. 69% among variance. 4. There was a statistically significant the difference on health promoting behavior according to "personality"(t=2.58, p=.0l06), "residence pattern"(F=2.90, p=.0360) and on self-esteem according to "religion"(t=-2.20, p=.0291) and, "personality"(t = 4.40, p= .0001). In conclusion, there was not a significant difference between those of college nursing students and university nursing students on self-esteem and the health promoting behavior. Self-esteem correlated with health promoting behavior positively, and was identified to be an important variable that contributed to health promoting behavior.
Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Core hypothermia after induction of anesthesia results from an core-to-peripheral redistribution of body heat and a loss of body heat to environment. The purpose of this study is finding body temperatures during operation by either general of epidural anesthesia and evaluates content of total body heat. METHODS: We measured tympanic membrane temperature, 4 point skin temperature (mid calf, mid thigh, upper extremity, nipple). And we calculate mean skin temperature, mean body temperature, total body heat content changes based on tympanic membrane temperature and 4 point skin temperature. RESULTS: Tympanic membrane temperature of the first group decreased significantly after 10 minutes of induction (p<0.005), the second group decreased after 45 minutes of induction. Although upper extremity temperature has continuously increased as time passed, there was no significant difference in both group. Lower extremity temperature has significantly increased after 30 minutes of induction in the first group, and the second group has significantly increased after 10 minutes of induction (p<0.05). Mean skin temperature hasdecreasd temperaturily in both group after 10 minutes of induction and increased as time passed. Mean body temperature of the first group has significantly decreased after 10 minutes of induction (p<0.05) and second group has no significant changes. Total body heat content has continuously decreased after induction with no significance. CONCLUSIONS: General anesthesia reveals more significant decrease than epidural anesthesia. Both groups show significant decrease of body temperature after induction. We think that we need to close attention to temperature changes after induction for preventing possible side effects due to core hypothermia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Anesthesia, General* ; Body Temperature Changes* ; Body Temperature* ; Hot Temperature ; Hypothermia ; Lower Extremity ; Skin Temperature ; Thigh ; Tympanic Membrane ; Upper Extremity

The several Chinese herbs such as Soon-Ki-Hwal-Hyul-Tang, Bo-Yang-Hwan-O-Tang, Seong-Hyang-Jeong-Ki-San, So-Hap-Hyang-Won and O-Yak-Soon-Ki-San were extracted with water and then lyophilized. For identification of the effect of extracted herbs, they were medicated to 103 patients of cerebrovascular accident for 4 week. They were hospitalized in D-Oriental Medical Hospital from April to August in 1999. The herbs were extracted with water and lyophilized and then, used as samples. The medical history of each patient was detected and analyzed from their medical records. The results were as follows: 1) Each sample (Soon-Ki-Hwal-Hyul-Tang, Bo-Yang-Hwan-O-Tang, Seong-Hyang-Jeong-Ki-San, and O-Yak-Soon-Ki-San) was statistically significant differences of systolic blood pressure(t=4.22, P=0.0004: t=3.44, P=0.0028: t=2.11. P=0.0463: t=3.23, P=0.0052). The statistically significant difference of diastolic blood pressure showed by medicated with Soon-Ki-Hwal-Hyal-Tang, Seong-HyangJeong-Ki-San, and O-Yak-Soon-ki-San(t=2.13, P= 0.0459: t=2.68, P=0.0136: t=3.12, P=0.0066). 2) The statistically significant difference of the arm/leg-ROM showed by medicated with Soon-Ki-Hwal-Hyul-Tang, Bo-Yang-Hwan-O Tang, So-Hap-Hyang-Won(t =4. 74/4. 95, P=0.0002/0.0001: t=2.25/2.44, P=0.0368/0.0248: t=585/6.76, P=0.0001/0.0001). 3) In the verbal disorder, Soon-Ki-Hwal-Hyul-Tang, Bo-Yang-Hwan-O-Tang had statistically significant differences(t=4.50, P=0.0002: t=3.32, P=0.0036) 4) In the conscious disorder, Soon-Ki-HwalHyul-Tang, Bo-Yang-Hwan-O-Tang, Seong-Hyang =-Jeong-Kj-San, and So-Hap-Hyang-Won had statistical1y significant differences(t =6.32, P = 0,0001: t=8.32, P=0.000l: t=3.74, P=0.0012: t=5.14, P=0.0001). 5) Bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAEC) were cultured in DMEM treating 0.01mg/ml. and 0.1mg/ml of each lyophilized samples for 24 hours, In BAECs were treated by 5 kinds of samples, the effect of So-Hyap-Hyang-Won induced syncytium of adjacent endothelial cells. It may induce the recovering of the damaged blood vessels in cerebrovascular accidental patient by angiogensis of endothelial cells. Therefore, it suggests that the medication of So-Hap-Hyang-Won will help to nursing care for cerebrovascular accidental patients.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Vessels ; Endothelial Cells ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Nursing Care ; Stroke* ; Water

No abstract available.
Paget Disease, Extramammary

PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify the relationship between belief, knowledge, and practice about oral health care of middle-aged women, and to prepare baseline data for developing a dental health education and promotion program. METHOD: For the survey, 120 individuals(middle-aged women) were chosen by convenience sampling and agreed to participate in the study. Their belief, knowledge, and practice about oral health care were measured. For descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Tukey and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used with SPSS Win 14.0. RESULT: The level of belief and practice about oral health care was middle for the subjects. However, the level of knowledge about oral health care was relatively high. The level of practice about oral health care related to characteristics of subjects showed significant differences according to level of education and oral health status. There was no significant correlation between the level of practice and the belief about oral health care. The practice about oral health care showed a significant positive correlation with knowledge. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate a need for the development of oral health care programs that is effective in improving belief, knowledge, and practice about oral health care reported by middle-aged women.
Female ; Health Education, Dental ; Humans ; Oral Health

We reported a case of subchorionic placental cyst with maternal floor infarction in 32-year-old multigravida. In this case the infant without growth retardation was delivered at fuU term by repeat cesarean section. A 5.8*5cm placental cyst detected prenatally by ultrasound was shown subsequentty to be a subchorionic cyst without thrombohematoma. The cyst was unilocular and attached near the cord insertion, and it contained straw-colored fluid. There was no other placental abnormalities except placental inFarction on matemal floor with fibrin deposition. It is necessary to differentiate placental cystic lesions by ultrasonographic and pathologic examination because placental abnormalities could be associated with perinatal complications.
Adult ; Cesarean Section, Repeat ; Female ; Fibrin ; Humans ; Infant ; Infarction* ; Placenta ; Ultrasonography

Milk of calcium located in the breast is typically a benign entity. However, carcinoma may incidentally arise adjacent to or even within milk of calcium. Consequently, the characteristics of all observed calcific particles should be carefully analyzed. In this study, we report a case of carcinoma presented as malignant microcalcifications mixed within milk of calcium in a breast.
Breast Neoplasms/*chemistry/radiography ; Calcium Carbonate/*analysis ; Carcinoma, Ductal/*chemistry/radiography ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Middle Aged

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare entity of all soft tissue sarcomas. It has four different types of glandular, melanocytic, rhabdomyoblastic, and epithelioid. Epithelioid MPNST is composed of predominantly epithelioid cells. In contrast, typical MPNST is consisted of spindle cells, which is arranged in a fascicular or whirling pattern. A 33-old man showed two skin-color to reddish brown protruding nodules on the left thigh. Microscopically, one nodule was made up of epithelioid cell, primarily. In addition, the other nodule was composed of epithelioid cells and spindle cells, which also showed Antoni A and B. Immunohistochemical study showed the cells being positive for S-100 protein (weak and focal) and neuron-specific enolase, and negative for HMB-45, smooth muscle actin. Herein, we report a case of two different forms of malignant nerve sheath tumor on the left thigh, which was not associated with neurofibromatosis-1.
Actins ; Epithelioid Cells ; Muscle, Smooth ; Nerve Sheath Neoplasms ; Neurilemmoma ; Neurofibromatoses ; Peripheral Nerves ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Prognosis ; S100 Proteins ; Sarcoma ; Thigh

BACKGROUND: Pelviscopic techniques have rapidly increased in therapeutic procedures as well as diagnostic procedures because of the many benefits associated with much smaller incisions than traditional open techniques. But the deliberate pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide during pelviscopic surgery may cause some problems-hypercarbia, pneumomentum, subcutaneous or mediastinal emphysema, pneumothorax, hypoxemia, hypotension, cardiovascular collapse and cardiac dysrhythmia. METHOD: We observed the changes of blood pressure (systolic, mean, diastolic), pulse rate, PaCO2, PaO2, peak inspiratory airway pressure and expired tidal volume at 10 minute after induction of general anesthesia (control value), 30 minutes and 60 minutes after insufflation of CO2 and Trendelenburg position. RESULTS: The blood pressure, PaCO2 and peak inspiratory airway pressure were increased significantly than control values (p<0.05). The changes of pulse rate and expired tidal volume were not statistically significant in comparison to control values. The PaO2 was decreased significantly (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: To minimize the risk of CO2 retension and unstability of cardiovascular system during pelviscopy under the Trendelenburg position, we must monitor the vital signs and the arterial blood gas status continuously and carefully.
Anesthesia, General* ; Anoxia ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Pressure ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cardiovascular System ; Head-Down Tilt* ; Heart Rate ; Hypotension ; Insufflation* ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Pneumoperitoneum ; Pneumothorax ; Tidal Volume ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It has been reported that various inflammatory and immune reactions are involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. We tried to investigate whether the TNF receptor superfamilies are involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Thirteen carotid atheroma specimens(frozen sections : 10 cases, paraffin section : 5 cases) were obtained from the patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy at Samsung Medical Center and one normal aortic tissue was obtained from a transplantation donor in brain death. In the carotid endarterectomy specimens and a normal aortic tissue , the expressions of R110(TR1), 139(TR2) and DR3(TR3), members of the TNF receptor superfamilies were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies. Simultaneously, we evaluated the expressions of foam cells, smooth muscle cells, T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis identified a strong expressions of foam cells and smooth muscle cells in all atheroma. But, the expression of T-lymphocytes was minimal and that of B-lymphocytes was rare. The expression of DR3(TR3) was seen in all atheroma as strongly positive. The expression of 139(TR2) was observed well in frozen sections, but not in paraffin sections. Whereas, that of R110(TR1) was observed in paraffin sections as weakly positive, but not in frozen section. The areas where the TNF receptor superfamilies were expressed correlated to the area of foam cell presence. The expression of DR3 also correlated with expression of smooth muscle cells. In normal aortic tissue, the expression of inflammatory cells or TNF receptor superfamilies was not observed except smooth muscle cells which were observed in normal artery. CONCLUSION: Foam cells and smooth muscle cells were abundantly present in atheroma. The TNF receptor superfamilies are expressed in the atheroma and the region of expression was coincident with the presence of foam cells.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; B-Lymphocytes ; Brain Death ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; Foam Cells ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Paraffin ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic* ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tissue Donors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*