OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate a conduction block of the median nerve at the flexor retinaculum (FR) in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), comparison of potentials obtained with stimulation of median nerve at the wrist and the palm may be required. METHOD: To determine the severity and incidence of conduction block in patients with CTS, seventy hands of neurologically healthy adults (mean age, 48 years) as control, and seventy hands of patients with CTS (mean age, 51 years) were tested. We performed median motor and middle finger recorded antidromic sensory conduction study with stimulation of the wrist and palm of a distance of 5 cm. The negative peak spike duration and baseline to peak amplitude of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP), and sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) with wrist and palm stimulations were measured. From these values, the wrist to palm duration ratio and amplitude ratio were obtained. RESULTS: The criteria of median motor nerve conduction block were a wrist to palm amplitude ratio of less than 0.7 and a wrist to palm duration ratio of less than 1.13. The criteria of median sensory conduction block were a wrist to palm amplitude ratio of less than 0.61 and a wrist to palm duration ratio of less than 1.33. In the patient group, 10 hands (14.3%) showed motor conduction block and 12 hands (17.1%) showed sensory conduction block and 3 hands (4.3%) showed both. The wrist to palm amplitude ratios of CMAP and SNAP in the patient showing conduction block were 0.6+/-0.1, and 0.4+/-0.2, respectively. There was no correlation between palm CMAP or SNAP amplitude and respective wrist to palm ratios. CONCLUSION: Comparison of the amplitude and duration of CMAP or SNAP obtained with stimulation of both wrist and palm may be able to differentiate between conduction block and axonal degeneration. These values may be useful in planning treatment and predicting outcome.
Action Potentials ; Adult ; Axons ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Median Nerve ; Neural Conduction ; Wrist

No abstract available.
Epidemiologic Studies* ; Mumps*

BACKGROUND: Epidural pain control has been used extensively for postoperative pain management, but nausea, vomiting and pruritus associated with morphine and fentanyl administration remain intractable problems. The aim of this study is to find the optimal epidural droperidol dosage for reducing the side effects of epidural morphine and fentanyl. METHODS: 140 patients randomly sampled and undergoing vaginal total hysterectomy were divided into 7 groups. Groups I and IV, and groups II and V, and groups III and VI, received 5 mg, 3.75 mg, 2.5 mg of droperidol by 2-day infusion pump through the indwelling epidural catheter, respectively. Group IV, V, VI patients received 1.25 mg of bolus droperidol through the indwelling epidural catheter at the time of peritoneal closure. As group VII was the control group, these patients received only epidural analgesics (morphine 10 mg, fentanyl citrate 300 microgram and 0.05% bupivacaine 100 ml) by 2-day infusion pump. RESULTS: Droperidol significantly reduced the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea, vomiting and itching sensation compared with the control group but verbal rating scale (VRS) of sedation was increased with the dosage of droperidol. There was no significant difference in the intensity of analgesia between the there groups. CONCLUSIONS: An effective epidural droperidol dosage for reducing postoperative nausea, vomiting and pruritus due to epidural pain control is 2.5 mg by 2-day infusion pump.
Analgesia ; Analgesics ; Bupivacaine ; Catheters ; Droperidol* ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Incidence ; Infusion Pumps ; Morphine* ; Nausea* ; Pain Management* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Pruritus* ; Sensation ; Vomiting*

BACKGROUND: Epidural pain control has been used extensively for postoperative pain management, but nausea, vomiting and pruritus associated with morphine and fentanyl administration remain intractable problems. The aim of this study is to find the optimal epidural droperidol dosage for reducing the side effects of epidural morphine and fentanyl. METHODS: 140 patients randomly sampled and undergoing vaginal total hysterectomy were divided into 7 groups. Groups I and IV, and groups II and V, and groups III and VI, received 5 mg, 3.75 mg, 2.5 mg of droperidol by 2-day infusion pump through the indwelling epidural catheter, respectively. Group IV, V, VI patients received 1.25 mg of bolus droperidol through the indwelling epidural catheter at the time of peritoneal closure. As group VII was the control group, these patients received only epidural analgesics (morphine 10 mg, fentanyl citrate 300 microgram and 0.05% bupivacaine 100 ml) by 2-day infusion pump. RESULTS: Droperidol significantly reduced the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea, vomiting and itching sensation compared with the control group but verbal rating scale (VRS) of sedation was increased with the dosage of droperidol. There was no significant difference in the intensity of analgesia between the there groups. CONCLUSIONS: An effective epidural droperidol dosage for reducing postoperative nausea, vomiting and pruritus due to epidural pain control is 2.5 mg by 2-day infusion pump.
Analgesia ; Analgesics ; Bupivacaine ; Catheters ; Droperidol* ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Incidence ; Infusion Pumps ; Morphine* ; Nausea* ; Pain Management* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Pruritus* ; Sensation ; Vomiting*

BACKGROUND: Perioperative hypothermia is a common problem during both laparotomy and laparoscopic surgery. Hypothermia during laparoscopic surgery is related to the use of irrigation fluid and the large volume of CO2 for maintaining pneumoperitoneum. The aim of this study is to estimate whether the use of warm irrigation fluid can reduce the incidence of hypothermia and the decrease of body temperature. METHODS: Forty-two female patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n = 20) was given an ambient temperature irrigation fluid and group 2 (n = 22) a warm irrigation fluid. The core esophageal body temperatures of all the patients were measured every 10 minutes for 70 minutes. Body temperature 10 minutes after induction was a control value. The degree of body temperature decrease was measured, and the incidence of hypothermia was recorded. RESULTS: The incidences of hypothermia in group 2 were decreased significantly 60 and 70 minutes after induction, compared with those of group 1. The degree of body temperature decrease was revealed to be significantly different between the two groups starting 50 minutes after induction. CONCLUSIONS: The use of warm irrigation fluid during laparoscopic surgery can reduce the incidence of hypothermia and degree of body temperature decrease.
Body Temperature* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Incidence ; Laparoscopy* ; Laparotomy ; Pneumoperitoneum

BACKGROUND: Perioperative hypothermia is a common problem during both laparotomy and laparoscopic surgery. Hypothermia during laparoscopic surgery is related to the use of irrigation fluid and the large volume of CO2 for maintaining pneumoperitoneum. The aim of this study is to estimate whether the use of warm irrigation fluid can reduce the incidence of hypothermia and the decrease of body temperature. METHODS: Forty-two female patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n = 20) was given an ambient temperature irrigation fluid and group 2 (n = 22) a warm irrigation fluid. The core esophageal body temperatures of all the patients were measured every 10 minutes for 70 minutes. Body temperature 10 minutes after induction was a control value. The degree of body temperature decrease was measured, and the incidence of hypothermia was recorded. RESULTS: The incidences of hypothermia in group 2 were decreased significantly 60 and 70 minutes after induction, compared with those of group 1. The degree of body temperature decrease was revealed to be significantly different between the two groups starting 50 minutes after induction. CONCLUSIONS: The use of warm irrigation fluid during laparoscopic surgery can reduce the incidence of hypothermia and degree of body temperature decrease.
Body Temperature* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Incidence ; Laparoscopy* ; Laparotomy ; Pneumoperitoneum

A 53-year-old female admitted for multiple rib fracture, hemoptysis and dyspnea due to traffic accident. High resonance CT of the chest revealed bronchiectasis in left lower lobe. She presented for left lower lobectomy with the consent of her. A day before the operation, right internal jugular vein catheter was placed using anterior approach, and free blood flow was achieved. 2 hours after the procedure, she complained of mild chest pain and dyspnea but it was thought to reflect the rib fracture, and then 2 liters of fluid was administered through internal jugular vein catheter. Conducting anesthesia, thiopental sodium and succinylcholine chloride was administered through this route. But loss of consciousness of the patient didn't occur. The chest x-ray taken in OR showed hydrothorax on right pleural cavity.
Accidents, Traffic ; Anesthesia ; Bronchiectasis ; Catheters* ; Chest Pain ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Hydrothorax* ; Jugular Veins* ; Middle Aged ; Pleural Cavity ; Rib Fractures ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental* ; Thorax ; Unconsciousness

In the case of edentulous patients, the total amount of occlusal force is dispersed by the keratinized gingiva during mastication, in result, causing lower masticatory and chewing efficiency. In particular, the mandibular area has more side effects such as pain than the maxilla has. It gets worse when the patient has more absorption of alveolar bone, but the implant treatment is often interrupted due to the existence of the inferior alveolar nerve. In this case, a patient treated with the all-on-4 method by placing the implant in the anterior part of mandible and with the conventional complete denture for the maxilla has maintained without complications and was satisfied with the restoration both functionally and esthetically.
Absorption ; Bite Force ; Denture, Complete ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Mandible ; Mandibular Nerve ; Mastication ; Maxilla ; Methods

Karyotype analysis by G-anding is the standard method for identifying numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations in cytogenetic laboratories. However, the origins of marker chromosomes, subtle translocations, or complex chromosomal rearrangements are often difficult to identify with certainty. Cross-pecies color banding is a new FISH-ased screening technique that enables the generation of a specific color banding pattern for each human chromosome based on the genomic homologies between man and various species of apes. We report application of Cross-pecies color banding (RxFISH) to characterize the chromosomal rearrangements of one leukemia sample the G-and karyotype of which were incomplete. The combination of G-anding and RxFISH in this case study yielded additional information beyond that obtained by either technique used alone in determining the precise breakpoints in complex chromosomal rearrangements.
Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human ; Cytogenetics ; Hominidae ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Leukemia ; Mass Screening

Karyotype analysis by G-anding is the standard method for identifying numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations in cytogenetic laboratories. However, the origins of marker chromosomes, subtle translocations, or complex chromosomal rearrangements are often difficult to identify with certainty. Cross-pecies color banding is a new FISH-ased screening technique that enables the generation of a specific color banding pattern for each human chromosome based on the genomic homologies between man and various species of apes. We report application of Cross-pecies color banding (RxFISH) to characterize the chromosomal rearrangements of one leukemia sample the G-and karyotype of which were incomplete. The combination of G-anding and RxFISH in this case study yielded additional information beyond that obtained by either technique used alone in determining the precise breakpoints in complex chromosomal rearrangements.
Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human ; Cytogenetics ; Hominidae ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Leukemia ; Mass Screening