No abstract available.
DNA*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of IVIG infusion on renal function in VLBW infants. IVIG has been proved quite safe in neonates given prophylactic and therapeutic doses. But nephrotoxicity is not recognized as adverse in IVIG therapy, only several previous adult cases have been noted. METHODS: For a total of ten VLBW infants who had not been received any medication except parenteral nutrition, vitamin and Fe supplements was assigned for study. To observe changes in renal function after preventive dose of IVIG administration(500mg/kg, 1dose) serum BUN and creatinine, 2-microglobulin( 2-MG) and N-acetyl- -D-glucosaminidase(NAG) were obtained prior to study and 1, 3 and 7 days after infusion. RESULTS: 1) There were no elevation of serum BUN and creatinine after IVIG administration, 2) There was transient increase of urine NAG from 1.1+/-0.7 u/mg creatinine before infusion to 2.7+/-5.3 u/mg creatinine on the first day of infusion, which was not statistically significat, decreasing to pretreatment level on the 3rd and 7th days after infusion. 3) There was transient increase of urine 2-MG from 294.6+/-223.8 microgram/mg creatinine before infusion to 680.0+/-108.9 microgram/mg creatinine on the first day and 416.0+/-246.3 microgram/mg creatinine on 3rd day after infusion, which was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that prophylactic dose of IVIG in VLBW infants does not cause clinically significant impairment of renal function. but mild increment of urine NAG and 2-MG may suggest the possibility of renal tubular damage. Based on these results, further evaluation of the effect of IVIG on renal function in VLBW infant is recommended.
Acetylglucosaminidase ; Adult ; Creatinine ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Vitamins

This study empirically examined the actual level of elementary school children's knowledge of nutrition and the extent of current nutrition education for the children through the use of textbooks. Two or three classes were sampled from each of six schools, respectively, in Gangneung; of the 562 questionnaires that were distributed, 537 were returned and used for analysis. Respondents were all sixth-graders, on average boys and girls were 153.02+/-8.19cm and 152.79+/-7.15cm in height and 45.27+/-10.32kg and 43.33+/-7.46kg in weight, respectively, which was consistent with others' research. Most children had two siblings and a working mother, considered that they were well off, and their mother prepared meals. Children regularly had breakfast and dinner, although more children had dinner than breakfast. As a whole, their knowledge of the main nutrients contained in foods was lower than their general knowledge of nutrition. There were significant differences in knowledge of the main nutrients contained in foods, with girls showing more knowledge than boys (p<0.01). Most of them learned about nutrition at school, followed by home. At school, Practical Technology classes taught them the most about nutrition. Although Physical Education classes were expected to teach about nutrition in a quantitative way, they accounted for just 4.7% of the overall knowledge. As for the children's understanding of nutrition education through use of a textbook at school, just 19% of the students gained a very good understanding. As for interest in nutrition education at school, 22.2% of the students had no interest, while girls were more likely to have their interest in nutrition education at school affected by knowledge of nutrition than boys. For both boys and girls, the most desired method of education was cooking practice. More research across subjects is necessary so that nutrition education concentrated on the curriculum for fifth-graders can be provided by stages from the lower grades. Since cooking practice or games were preferred, it is necessary to develop nutrition education methods to incite active interest rather than passive education.
Breakfast ; Child ; Cooking ; Curriculum ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Eating* ; Education* ; Female ; Gangwon-do* ; Humans ; Meals ; Mothers ; Physical Education and Training ; Siblings

A modern development of ambulatory ECG monitoring gave great advances in the diagnosis and evaluation of various cardiac conditions. Fifteen cases of ischemic heart disease, 11 cases of nonischemic heart disease, 5 cases of noncardiac disease and 9 cases of normal healthy subjects were studied from January 1980 to July 1981 in national Medical Center, with the following results: 1) The heart rate was decreased during night time, with less decreasing tendency in patients with ischemic heart disease. 2) Among 30 cases, including 12 patients with ischemic heart disease, who didn't show arrhythmia on routine 12 lead ECG, 12 cases, including 6 patients with ischemic heart disease, showed arrhythmia on Holter monitoring. 3) Among 5 cases with ischemic heart disease who showed premature ventricular contraction on day time monitoring, 2 cases didn't show premature ventricular contraction on nigh time monitoring. 4) The S-T segment and T wave were changed during night time in 2 cases with ischemic heart disease and in 2 normal subjects. From these results, we could assert that Holter monioring or ambulatory ECG tracing would be a good method for diagnosis and evaluation of ischemic heart disease, and other cardiac conditions. Several another studies with this equipment have to be performed and would give more distinctive outcomes.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory* ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Ventricular Premature Complexes

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of malocclusion or orthodontic treatment on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adults. METHODS: The sample consisted of 860 adults (378 men and 482 women, aged 18-39 years) who were clinically evaluated for malocclusion or orthodontic treatment experience. Participants were divided into 4 groups as follows: normal occlusion, malocclusion, fixed treatment, and retention. OHRQoL was assessed with the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ). RESULTS: The malocclusion group and the fixed treatment group had significantly higher OHIP-14 scores than the normal occlusion group and the retention group (p < 0.001). The malocclusion group had the highest PIDAQ score, while the normal occlusion group and the retention group had the lowest PIDAQ score (p < 0.001). Women had higher OHIP-14 and PIDAQ scores than men. A significant positive correlation was found between OHIP-14 and PIDAQ scores (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Malocclusion has a negative impact on OHRQoL, but this could be improved in adults through orthodontic treatment. These OHRQoL questionnaires can provide additional useful information on specific aspects of orthodontic patients' psychological state.
Adult* ; Esthetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion* ; Oral Health ; Psychology ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

To investigate the risk factors and clinical characteristics of postrenal transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM), we reviewed the records of 177 renal allograft recipients in Maryknoll Hospiatal whose allografts had functioned longer than 6 months. Nineteen patients (10.7%) developed PTDM at 5.0+/-7.8 (1-52) months; 9 (47%) of these within 1 month. PTDM patients were older than nondiabetic renal transplants (42+/-2 vs 37+/-1 years, P<0.05). Body mass index tended to be higher in PTDM (23.5+/-1.0 vs 21.8+/-0.3kg/m2, P=0.09). Number of acute rejections (0.6+/-0.2 vs 0.5+/-0.1) and serum creatinine at 1 year after transplantation (1.2+/-0.8 vs 1.3+/-0.3mg/dL) were not different. Fasting (103.6+/-10.4 vs 84.4+/-1.6mg/dL, P<0.05) and postprandial (189.2+/-24.8 vs 118.6+/-2.3 mg/dL, P<0.01) blood sugars, measured before transplantation, were higher in PTDM. CsA blood level at 1 month posttransplantation was higher in PTDM (350+/-34 vs 279+/-8ng/mL, P<0.05). Fasting serum insulin was significantly higher (28.2+/-12.2 vs 7.3+/-2.0 microunit/dL, P<0.05) and serum C-peptide tended to be higher in PTDM patients compared with euglycemic renal recipients (6.3+/-1.6 vs 3.8+/-0.9ng/dL, P=0.08). All the PTDM patients were treated by either insulin or oral agent; 15 of 19 required no treatment after 4.7+/-6.9 months. In conclusion, prevalence of PTDM was 10.7%. PTDM patients were older. Body mass index was tended to be higher. Fasting and postprandial blood sugars, measured before transplantation, were higher in PTDM. Faslting serum insulin was higher and C-peptide tended to be higher in diabetics. These results suggested that increased insulin resistance plays a major role in the pathogenesis of PTDM.
Allografts ; Blood Glucose ; Body Mass Index ; C-Peptide ; Creatinine ; Cyclosporine ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Fasting ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors*

No Abstract available.
Academic Medical Centers* ; Infection Control*

BACKGROUND: Medication adherence (MA) is poor among patients with chronic illnesses, such as those involving the risk factors of stroke. However, the impacts of poor MA on the modifiable risk factors of stroke are not well known. METHODS: We evaluated the MA for the control of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and previous ischemic stroke among consecutive patients with ischemic stroke within 7 days of symptom onset. Nonadherence was defined as taking doctor-prescribed medications for less than 3 weeks during the previous month. Demographic data, risk factor profile, stroke mechanism, and baseline score on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were compared among patients with nonadherence and those without. RESULTS: Among 1133 patients with at least one medicated risk factor, the rates of nonadherence in hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and previous ischemic stroke were 18.5%, 15.3%, 30.3%, and 28.1%, respectively. Overall, 27.4% of patients with more than one risk factor presented nonadherence, with a predilection toward being male (male, 63.9% vs. female, 56.1%, p=0.02) and younger (mean age 64.9 years vs. 66.4 years, p=0.01). Stroke severity according to MA did not differ using either crude analysis (NIHSS score: 5.5+/-5.9 vs. 5.4+/-5.5, p=0.71) or multivariable analysis after log transformation. The prevalence of nonadherence was low for large-artery disease and small-vessel occlusion, and high for cardioembolism. CONCLUSIONS: Prestroke poor MA for the major risk factors was common among patients with chronic illnesses, and was more frequent in younger male patients. Stroke severity was not affected by MA during the month preceding stroke.
Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Male ; Medication Adherence ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Stroke

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Tetanus is a fatal disease and various complications affect its prognosis. In Korea, tetanus cases have been reported, but no studies, thus far, have examined its complications. We investigated the complications of tetanus and analyzed the risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia, one of most common complications of tetanus. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical features, treatment, and complications of 42 patients diagnosed with tetanus at Chonnam National University Hospital from January 1999 through June 2008. The severity of tetanus was assessed using the APACHE II and Ablett scores. We compared two groups, one with nosocomial pneumonia and the other without it, and analyzed the risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia. RESULTS: Forty-two patients (13 men, 29 women) were enrolled. Only three of them had received a primary tetanus vaccination; the others had not received primary or booster vaccinations. Twenty-one patients needed mechanical ventilation. The most common infectious complication was pneumonia (47.4%), followed by blood stream (15.8%) and urinary tract (13.2%) infections. Regarding noninfectious complications, dysautonomia was also common, including fluctuating blood pressure (31.6%), arrhythmias (26.3%), and cardiac arrest (7.9%). Nosocomial pneumonia was associated with autonomic disturbance (OR=32.0, 95% CI 1.9-524.2; p=0.005) and length of stay in the intensive care unit (OR=1.145, 95% CI 1.02-1.29; p=0.024) in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS:Careful monitoring and treatment of complications are essential in managing tetanus, along with specific therapy for tetanus itself. Education and tetanus immunization are important for preventing the disease, especially in high-risk areas.
APACHE ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Immunization ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Pneumonia ; Primary Dysautonomias ; Prognosis ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Rivers ; Tetanus ; Urinary Tract ; Vaccination

The rates and severity of Clostridium difficile infections, including pseudomembranous colitis, have increased markedly. However, there are few effective treatments for refractory or recurrent C. difficile infections and the outcomes are poor. Fecal microbiota transplantation is becoming increasingly accepted as an effective and safe intervention in patients with recurrent disease, likely due to the restoration of a disrupted microbiome. Cure rates of >90% are being consistently reported from multiple centers. We cured a case of severe refractory C. difficile infection with fecal microbiota transplantation in a patient colonized by vancomycin-resistant enterococcus.
Clostridium difficile* ; Colon* ; Enterococcus* ; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous ; Humans ; Microbiota*