This study was designed to identity the degree of burden felt by mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome. Also, relations between the subject characteristics and burden were investigated to provide basis data for their family health and nursing intervention. The study subjects were composed of 70 mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients whose children were hospitalized in 2 Pediatric wards of University Hospital in Seoul and 1 in Pusan from Mar. 2nd, 1998 to May. 30th in the same year. The questionnaires were used which dealt with burden of mothers. the questionnaires for this study designed and used by researcher placed their basis in burden Measurement Instrument developed by Montgomery et. al(1985) and the reliability of the used instrument was .78. The data analysis was done by SPSS, t-test, ANOVA and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results of were as follows. 1. Mean score of burden of subjects was 60.82(Maximum 86, standard deviation 1.244). 2. Of the mothers characteristics, the score of burden was high in case of no religion and low income. 3. Of the patients characteristics, the score of burden ranked as high in MCNS, doing oral therapy and injection therapy at the same time, and negative perceived patients' condition. 4. The degree of burden felt by mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome was significantly predicted by the level of pt's diagnosis(11%), pt's condition(8%), economic state(6%) and pt's sex(5%), respectively. In conclusion to above study, the researcher suggests that the development of instrument for measurement of burden is in much need. Relations between burden and social support should be studied to lessen burden of mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome.
Busan ; Child* ; Family Health ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Nursing ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This is descripitive study conducted to identify educational needs of mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients and the degree of the importance of educational activity perceived by nurses who look after nephrotic syndrome patients. The study subject were composed of 60 mothers & 63 nurses of nephrotic syndrome patients whose children were hospitalized in 2 Pediatric wards of University Hospital in Seoul and 1 in Pusan from Mar. in 1997 to July 1997. A questionnaire for this study was item Kikert type 5 point scale, developed on the basis of previous literature and researcher's clinical experience and the reliability of the used instruments was alpha=.97. The data analysis was done by SAS. t-test, and ANOVA were done to determine the effect of general characteristics of subjects on their educational needs. T-test was done to measure relations between the degree of educational needs and importance of educational activity. The results were as follows. 1. The Educational needs of mothers ranked as the highest in home care. 2. In character of mothers, the degree of education, economic state, the number of child and occupation was significant in statistically. 3. The importance of educational activity of nurses ranked the highest in diagnosis and treatment of the disease. 4. The educational needs of nephrotic syn, children' mother and importance of nurses were different in diagnosis and treatment of the disease and home care. On the basis of these results, we suggest as follows. 1. It is proposed that nurses use these results of the study actively for the educational program for Nephrotic Syndrome patients and their mothers. 2. It is suggested to make a comparative study of the degree of nurses' understanding of the importance on educational items with the instruments of this study.
Busan ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Education* ; Home Care Services ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Occupations ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to verify the factors that determines burnout of nurses in emergency department. METHODS: The survey was given to 170 ED nurses which are located in Busan from July 1st to August 31st of 2012. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression using SAS 9.2 program. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in burnout depending on gender, position, workplace satisfaction, job satisfaction. Significant positive correlation between compassion fatigue and burnout was found. Also significant negative correlation was found between self-esteem, compassion satisfaction and burnout. Factors influencing burnout were self-esteem, compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue with R2 value 58.0%. CONCLUSION: Considering these results, it seems that great efforts will be needed for reducing burnout by mitigating the emergency nurses' compassion fatigue and introducing programs to increase the self-esteem and compassion satisfaction.
Busan ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Empathy* ; Fatigue* ; Job Satisfaction

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify the attitudes of adolescent girls towards menstruation, peri-menstrual symptoms, and coping. METHODS: A convenience sample of 521 adolescent girls was obtained from two middle schools and two high schools in M city. Data were collected through questionnaires about menstrual attitudes, menstrual symptoms, and coping. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: Subjects showed both negative and positive attitudes toward menstruation. There were significant correlation between attitudes toward menstruation and peri-menstrual symptoms. Subjects having a positive attitude toward menstruation needed a nursing mediator to provide relief for menstrual symptoms during the peri-menstrual period. Attitudes toward menstruation explained 11.0% variance of menstrual symptoms, and factor 4, in particular, (event whose onset can be predicted and anticipated) correlated strongest with menstrual symptoms and explained 21.5% variance of menstrual symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that evidence-based strategies for positive attitudes toward menstruation, menstrual symptom, and coping should be included in a comprehensive approach to a nursing intervention to help adolescent girls.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Menstruation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between empowerment and performance of infection control by emergency department nurses. METHOD: Participants were 190 nurses working in emergency departments in 14 hospitals located in Busan. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients with SPSS PC+ WIN 12.0 were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were significant differences in empowerment by years in ED (emergency departments) and position. There was a significant differences in performance of infection control by position. There were significant differences in empowerment by infection control-related characteristics and by regular conference for infection control. There was a significant and positive relationship between empowerment and performance of infection control in ED nurses. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that improvement in the level of ED nurse's empowerment would lead to an increase in the performances of infection control.
Cross Infection ; Emergencies ; Emergency Nursing ; Infection Control ; Power (Psychology)

The purpose of this study was to explore the health and illness concepts of hospitalized children. The subjects were 129 hospitalized children from 3 to 12 years old in one general hospital. Data were collected through semistructured interviews by authors. This study was conducted from Jun. 1, 2000 to Dec. 31, 2000. Data were coded and categorized by content analysis. The results were as follows: 1.Perceived health concept were physical well- being, food, exercise, powerfulness, emotional stability, obeidence, cleanliness, sleep and ability of social adaptation. 2. Perceived health behavior to maintain health were food, treatment, exercise, cleanliness, obeidence, sleep, emotional stability, powerfulness and psychological stability, physical well-being. 3.Perceived prevention of illness were food, cleanliness, treatment, exercise, obedience, sleep, powerfulness, psychological stability, emotional stability, recreation and ability of social adaptation. 4.Perceived causes of illness were illness, trauma and food. 5.Perceived treatment of illness were treatment, sleep, rest, food, obedience, emotional stability, psychological stability, cleanliness, exercise and powerfulness.
Child ; Child, Hospitalized* ; Health Behavior ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Recreation ; Child Health

This study was carried out to offer the basic data for more qualitative lives of the middle-aged women through their health maintenance and control. So, the researcher reviewed and analyzed the health problems of the middle-aged women, the differences of main symptoms in each subject, positive rates in screening tests, the difference of screening tests with age and the correlation of obesity and blood pressure with screening tests. All subjects were 218 women(40-59 years) who had a check-up at a comprehensive health check-up center in K University Hospital in Seoul from July 1, 1998 to August 31, 1998. Questionnaires were developed to get subjects, general characteristics, main symptoms, medical examination and diagnosed disease by the researcher referring through the questionnaires of comprehensive health check-up center and the medical recorders where used as a tool of study. The researcher analyzed the data with SPSS PC+; the distribution of the subjects, general characteristics and main symptoms with percentage; the difference between main symptoms and screening tests with X2-test, ANOVA. The results are as follows. 1) Among the age distribution, most were 40-45 years old and unemployed. 2) The most common complaints were indigestion in digestive system, cough in respiratory system, heart beat in cardiovascular system, general sweat in endocrine system, edema in urinary system, easy bruise in hematologic system, backache in musculoskeletal system, headache in psychoneurologic system, lochia in gynecology, itch in dermatology system, eye ball pain in visual system and tinnitus in auditory system. 3) In main symptoms according to age, the 40-45 age group had a higher rate of complaints in digestive system and gynecology than other age group ; the 46-49 age group in endocrine system. 4) The main symptoms according to diagnosis had no difference statistically. 5) The screening tests which showed high rates of abnormality were mammography(the highest), abdominal ultrasonography, upper gastrointestinal series/gastrofiberscopy, PFT. In all age group the highest rate of abnormality was seen n mammography. 6) In screening tests according to age, the 46-49 age group showed higher positive rates of pap smear, blood sugar test, urine test than any other age group; the 50-55 age group showerd higher positive rates of obesity, BP, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasonography, ESR, SGOT, CRP and urine micro. 7) In correlation of obesity with screening test, the obesity group showed higher positive rates of blood pressure, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasonography, HCT and CRP than the normal weight group. 8) In correlation of blood pressure with screening test, the hypertension group showed higher positive rate of obesity, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasonography, pap smear and blood sugar than the normal blood pressure group. In conclusion, the middle-aged women have various physical symptoms and affected by age. The obesity and BP have an important effect on the health of the middle aged women. Therefore, this study is considered significant as data for qualitative lives of the middle-aged women playing an important part of family health care by catching of their health problem complaints for prevention of disease and promotion of health.
Age Distribution ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Back Pain ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular System ; Contusions ; Cough ; Dermatology ; Diagnosis ; Digestive System ; Dyspepsia ; Edema ; Endocrine System ; Family Health ; Female ; Gynecology ; Headache ; Health Promotion ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Mammography ; Mass Screening ; Medical Records ; Middle Aged ; Musculoskeletal System ; Obesity ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Respiratory System ; Seoul ; Sweat ; Thorax ; Tinnitus ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: This study was designed to identify the relationship between self reported climacteric symptoms, self concept and depression in middle aged women. METHOD: Data were collected through self- reported questionaires which were constructed to include a climacteric symptoms, self-concept and depression of middle-aged women scale. The subjects for this study were 102 women between 40-59 years of age living in P city. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient. RESULTS: The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1)The relationship between self reported climacteric symptoms and self concept was statistically significant with a negative correlation (r=-0.4862, P0.001). The relationship between self reported climacteric symptoms and depression had a statistically significant positive correlation (r=0.5393, P<0.001). The Relationship between self- concept and depression had a statistically significant negative correlation (r=-0.3769, P<0.001). 2) General characteristic variables significantly related to self reported climacteric symptoms were age (F=3.13, P<0.05) and frequency of pregnancy (F=3.24, P<0.05). General characteristic variables significantly related to frequency of self-concept were age (F=3.13, P<0.05), education level (F=2.97, P<0.05) and occupation (t=1.84, P<0.05). General characteristic variables significantly related to depression were age (F=3.12, P<0.05) and number of children (t=3.59, P<0.05). 3)The obstetrical characteristic variable significantly related to self-reported climacteric symptoms was the frequency of pregnancy (t=3.24, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study shows possible implications for nursing intervention for middle-aged women's health to prevent and relieve climacteric symptoms.
Child ; Climacteric* ; Depression* ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nursing ; Occupations ; Pregnancy ; Self Concept* ; Self Report ; Women's Health

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken in order to examine the factors related to sexual satisfaction in climacteric women. METHOD: This was a descripitive correlation study. The subjects were 544 women in climacteric stage. Data were analyzed a using of descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with a SPSS WIN11.0. RESULTS: The predictors of sexual satisfaction were age, education, marital status, family income, number of delivery, hormone therapy, body image, state anxiety, trait anxiety, spouse support. These factors explained 57.6% of the total variance. CONCLUSION: These finding suggest the need to develope nursing strategy to improve the sexual satisfaction in climacteric women. To improve the climacteric women's sexual satisfaction, the above major influencing factors should be considered.
Anxiety ; Body Image ; Climacteric* ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Nursing ; Sex Factors ; Spouses ; Statistics as Topic

The purse of this to identify whether ethical values of Korean nurses are deontological or utilitarian. Nurse's ethical value questionnaire was developed from review of the literature and inter view of nurses in the clinical settings. Ethical problems are categorized into four areas 1) human life 2) nurse-patient relationship 3) nurse-nursing task relationship 4) nurse-collegue relationship. The data were obtained from 250 nurses in the clinical settings from Jun. to July in 1998 using the ethical value questionnaire developed by Lee(1990). The analysis of data was done by Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test and anova. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The ethical values of human life slightly took up the position of utilitarian. 2. The ethical value of nurse-patient relationship slightly took up deontological position. 3. The ethical value of nurse-nursing task relationship slightly took up the deontological position. 4. The ethical value of nurse-collegue relationship greatly took up the deontological position. 5. The ethical values of nurses related to demographic characteristics of age, marital status, position. Therefore it is suggested that new strategies and continuing education programs be established to help clinical nurses formulate higher ethical values.
Education, Continuing ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Surveys and Questionnaires