No abstract available.
Human Growth Hormone* ; Humans*

Sick neonates often require periodic small volume transfusion (10mg/kg) to replace blood draw for laboratory monitoring during their hospital stay. The effect of packed red cel transfudion on the hematocrit, potassium, ionized calcium, acid base status, glucose and indirect bilirubin was investigated in 25 transfusions. Analysis of transfused blood by the age of the red cells, older red cells (more than 5 days old, 13+/-7 days) showed increased potassium (27.2+/-14.1mEq/L vs 11.3+/-4.9mEq/L), decreased bicarbonate (14.4+/-2.6mEq/L) and glucose (130+/-28mg/dl vs 203+/-93mg/dl) compared with newer red cells (less than 5 days)(p<0.05). No significant changes occured in hematocrit and pH. Inspite of these results, the transfusion of the older red cells did not affect the older red cells did not affect the serum potassium, ionized calcium, pH, bicarbonate, glucose and indirect bilirubin level in neonates. The hematocrit of infants increated significantly after transfusion from 29.6%+/-4.3% to 38.3%+/-6.1%(mean+/-SD)(P<0.05). Transfusion of older red cells seemed to be as equally effective as newer ones. The valus of hematocrit obtained immediately after transfusion does not show any differences compared to those obtained 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours after transfusion. The result in the study indicate that there was no adverse effect after transfusion with packed red cell more than 5 days old and no significant difference in hematocrit observed between 0 to 24 hours following transfusion. Therfore old red cell more than 5 days can be used safely for sick neonatal transfusion and the stored donor blood can be optimzed for repeated blood transfusion.
Bilirubin ; Blood Transfusion ; Calcium ; Glucose ; Hematocrit* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Length of Stay ; Potassium ; Tissue Donors

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore nursing students' experiences of observing surgeries in the operating room. METHODS: The data were collected through written scripts of nursing students who participated in the operating room practice. Data were analyzed via qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Five themes emerged from the data: ‘preparing with the thrilled hearts toward unknown area’, ‘drawing back in front of the mirror of realities’, ‘becoming an audience at a lifesaving orchestra’, ‘reaching a tipping point of knowing’, and ‘redrawing the trajectory of dream to be a nurse. CONCLUSION: This study will prove helpful in describing their needs for systemic and emotional support. Findings indicated that major contributions of surgical observations to nursing students are more integrated understandings of nursing and the determinations of their career preferences.
Dreams ; Heart ; Humans ; Nursing ; Operating Rooms ; Qualitative Research ; Students, Nursing ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It has been reported that various inflammatory and immune reactions are involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. We tried to investigate whether the TNF receptor superfamilies are involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Thirteen carotid atheroma specimens(frozen sections : 10 cases, paraffin section : 5 cases) were obtained from the patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy at Samsung Medical Center and one normal aortic tissue was obtained from a transplantation donor in brain death. In the carotid endarterectomy specimens and a normal aortic tissue , the expressions of R110(TR1), 139(TR2) and DR3(TR3), members of the TNF receptor superfamilies were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies. Simultaneously, we evaluated the expressions of foam cells, smooth muscle cells, T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis identified a strong expressions of foam cells and smooth muscle cells in all atheroma. But, the expression of T-lymphocytes was minimal and that of B-lymphocytes was rare. The expression of DR3(TR3) was seen in all atheroma as strongly positive. The expression of 139(TR2) was observed well in frozen sections, but not in paraffin sections. Whereas, that of R110(TR1) was observed in paraffin sections as weakly positive, but not in frozen section. The areas where the TNF receptor superfamilies were expressed correlated to the area of foam cell presence. The expression of DR3 also correlated with expression of smooth muscle cells. In normal aortic tissue, the expression of inflammatory cells or TNF receptor superfamilies was not observed except smooth muscle cells which were observed in normal artery. CONCLUSION: Foam cells and smooth muscle cells were abundantly present in atheroma. The TNF receptor superfamilies are expressed in the atheroma and the region of expression was coincident with the presence of foam cells.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; B-Lymphocytes ; Brain Death ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; Foam Cells ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Paraffin ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic* ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tissue Donors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

No abstract available.
Anemia, Aplastic* ; Hepatitis*

This is a case report of a cystic hygroma with polycystic kidney in a fetus which was suspected by ultrasonography and was confirmed by autopsy. Recently, we have experienced this case in 25-year old woman repeatedly and we report that with a brief review of relevant literature.
Adult ; Autopsy ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Lymphangioma, Cystic* ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases* ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to explore the experience of university students who witnessed of school violence during their formative years. METHODS: The participants in this study included 30 university students who had witnessed school violence. Analysis of the data was performed using content analysis according to Downe-Wamboldt. Data were collected from September 2015 to February 2016. RESULTS: Based on this study, there were four domains of school violence including witnessing, type of reaction, aftermath and future measures. According to the analysis, these four domains were classified into 13 variables, 32 categories and 73 significant statements. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that further research is needed to develop measures to address problems that have developed for students who have witnessed school violence.
Humans ; Violence*

This study was performed to compare the refractive effect and visual outcome of Excimer laser radial keratotomy(RK) with those of central photorefractive keratectomy(PRK) for myopia correction. The myopic eyes were subdivided into mild(-2.75D), moderate(-3.00 ~ -5.75D) and severe(>-6.00) myopia. In 54 eyes treated with RK 3 eyes(5.6%) were mild, 26 eyes(48.1%) were moderate and 25 eyes (46.3%) were severe myopic eyes. In 518 eyes treated with central PRK 10 eyes(1.9%) were mild, 214(41.3%) were moderate and 294(56.8%) were severe myopic eyes. Mean reduction of refractive power measured with skiascope following RK and central PRK in mild, moderate and severe myopia were 1.42 +/- 0.85D and 3.19 +/- 0.84D, 2.07 +/- 1.75D and 4.66 +/- 1.90D, and 2.54 +/- 2.45D and 7.54 +/- 2.81D, respectively. Mean reduction of keratometric diopter following RK and central PRK in mild, moderate and severe myopia were 2.00 +/- 1.05D and 3.66 +/- 1.03D, 1.90 +/- 1.05D and 4.83 +/- 1.99, and 1.52 +/- 2.54D and 5.58 +/- 3.46D, repectively. Uncorrected visual acuity following RK and central PRK in mild. moderate and severe myopia were 0.73 +/- 0.19 and 0.91 +/- 0.26, 0.43 +/- 0.30 +/- and 0.79 +/- 0.24, and 0.20 +/- 0.13 and 0.66 +/- 0.28, respectively. In conclusion, refractive effect and visual outcome of central photorefractive keratectomy was better than the those of radial keratotomy for correction of myopia; especially high myopic eyes.
Keratotomy, Radial* ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Myopia* ; Photorefractive Keratectomy* ; Visual Acuity

Both Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) are important genital mycoplasmas which are found in the cervix, vagina and the urogenital tracts of females. It has been associated with various disease states including non-gonococcal urethritis, spontaneous abortion, low birth weight and chorioamnionitis. Moreover they can be transmitted up to 40% of infants born to infected mothers. The culture methods which is commonly used for the determination of above mycoplasmas requires special culture media and can take up to 7 days. Recently the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been successfully applied for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, M. hominis and U. urealyticum were determined using PCR in 70 vaginal swabs and 48 urine samples. In a total of seventy vaginal swabs, thirteen (18.5%) and twenty four (34.3%) samples were positive for M. hominis and U. urealyticum, respectively. In forty eight urine samples, M. hominis and U. urealyticum were found in 3 cases (6.3%), respectively. Among vaginal swab and urine samples, one case was found to be coinfectious state. Amplified DNA bands were more frequently found in vaginal swabs than urine samples. This study shows that PCR is a relatively simple, fast and practical tool for the detection of M. hominis and U. urealyticum in a clinical materials instead of culture method.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Cervix Uteri ; Chorioamnionitis ; Culture Media ; DNA ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Mothers ; Mycoplasma ; Mycoplasma hominis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Pregnancy ; Ureaplasma urealyticum ; Urethritis ; Vagina

We report a rare case of primary glomerular disease with both features of IgA nephropathy and membranous glomerulonephritis in a 27 year-old woman with nephrotic syndrome. Histologically, glomeruli showed slight mesangial expansion, proliferation of mesangial cells, and short subepithelial spikes on capillary wall. Direct immunofluorescence demonstrated granular IgG and C3 deposits along the capillary walls, and IgA with C3 deposits in mesangium. Granular subepithelial and rnesangial deposits were observed by electron microscopy. The patient showed complete remission after 6 months therapy with steroid and ACE inhibitor.
Adult ; Capillaries ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Mesangial Cells ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nephrotic Syndrome