Objective: To study the effect of calcium on osteocalcin(OC) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in rat exposed to lead. Method: Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, lead group, low-calcium+lead group and high-calcium+lead group. The content of calcium and lead in bone, OC and PTH of rat with different treatments were detected. At the same time, RT-PCR analysis was used to determine the expression of OC and PTHr1. Results: Lead decreased the content of calcium in bone and OC. The expression of OC was inhibited, and the level of PTH and the expression of PTHr1 increased, which could be enhanced by low calcium treatment, but high calcium treatment could antagonize these effects of lead. Conclusion: Supplementation of calcium in diet could extenuate the toxicity of lead on bone in rat.

Objective To study the effect of lead on the calcium absorption and bone development in weanling rats. Methods Totally 80 weanling Wistar rats were equally divided into normal control (given with pure water and standard feed, including 1.15% calcium), lead group (given 1.0 g/L lead acetate water and standard feed), lead+low calcium group (1.0 g/L lead acetate water and feed including 0.69% calcium), and lead+high calcium group (1.0 g/L lead acetate water and feed including 1.72 % calcium). The development of rats was observed. Serum contents of osteocalcin and parathormone,and bone levels of lead and calcium in the femur were determined. The femur was examined with histological method. Another 5 Wistar rats received gastric irrigation of 10% lead acetate for 5 d, 5 more rats served as control, and then their absorption of calcium was detected with 45CaCl2. Results Lead and low calcium inhibited the development of rat remarkably, with the content of osteocalcin, the length and diameter of the femur decreased. High calcium antagonized these effects of lead. The absorption of calcium in rats was repressed by lead. Conclusion Bone depression by lead may be due to that lead inhibits the absorption of calcium in rats, and the supplement of calcium is helpful to minimize the repression.

BACKGROUND: Palatal implant could be an effective type of anchorage that can afford long-term stress, and bone thickness and bone density of the implant placement will affect the success of the implant stability. Presently, actinoscopy commonly used in stomatological clinic cannot provide the precise information of palatal bone thickness and bone mineral density such as toroidal slide plate photograph and skull lateral projection. OBJECTIVE: To measure the thickness and density of median palatine suture, and to provide the consultation for implant anchorage using spiral CT. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A measurement study was performed at the Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from July to December in 2008 PARTICIPANTS: The sample consisted of 194 cases undergoing 64 slice CT at the Medical Imaging Center of First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, including the scope of the hard palate and maxillary dentition. They were aged from 18 to 50, and divided into three groups by age, 18-30-year-old group, 31-40-year-old group, and 41-50-year-old group. METHODS: Measurement of palatal raphe area first three-dimensional reconstruction of images at up to nasion plane centerline, whichever was determined as a reference surface plane, selection one point on incisor cervix in this line, to measurement of the available palatal bone height; sagittal views were selected at 6 mm dorsally from the incisive canal. The available bone height was defined as the distance from the palatal baseline (lower cortical border of the palate) to the nasal cavity (upper cortical border of the nasal cavity). Bone mineral density can also be measured at the same site, take the average of the cortical and cancellous bone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The palatal bone thickness and bone thickness density were measured at 6 mm dorsally from the incisive canal. RESULTS: Male in the palatal bone thickness and bone mineral density were significantly higher than female (P < 0.05); there were no significant difference between Han and Uygur (P>0.05). In different age's group of men and women, the palatal bone thickness and bone mineral density showed no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Age, palatal bone thickness and palatal bone mineral density had no significant correlation. CONCLUSION: Spiral CT can be used in different parts of mandible thickness and density measurement and analysis. The palate raphe can be implant as orthodontic anchorage if it measured exactly.

cases of Warthin tumor in parotid gland were collected, the selection of operating style and personal experience in treatment were introduced. The results showed that most of the patients were senior man, the site of the tumors was all in parotid gland, the majority of the tumor was single nodule with exception of some patient who had a multiple nature. Tumor recurrence was found in patients with improper method. The results suggested that for patients who are suspected of Warthin tumor,careful physical examination and B Ultrosonic scan are necessary for both sides of parotid gland. Different operating style should be considered according to the differences of tumor site and number.

Objective SD rat models of stomach-heat syndrome were established to further investigate the physiopathological mechanism of stomach-heat syndrome.Methods Under certain laboratory condition,criteria of stomach-heat syndrome for the animal models were set up firstly.Then decoction of Rhizoma Zingiberis was given to the rats for modeling.Two weeks after modeling,the symptoms of the rats were observed and pathological and biochemical examination was carried out.Weireqing capsules were used to confirm the success of the establishment of stomach-heat syndrome in rats.Results Two weeks after modeling,the model rats had the symptoms of thirst with preference for drinking and reddened tongue.Congestion in gastric mucosa occurred and the levels of 6-keto-PGF1?and TXB2 in the model group were higher than those in the control group.However,in model rats pretreated with Weireqing,the symptoms and signs of stomach-heat syndrome and histological changes were relieved.Conclusion Under the controlled laboratory condition,feeding rats with decoction of Radix Zingiberis can be successfully used to establish animal model of human stomach-heat syndrome .

Objective This study is to identify long-term functional recovery and maturity of regenerated nerve fibers after repairing mouse nerve defects with chitosan/polylactide-co-polyglycolide artificial nerve grafts ( CPANGs ) . Methods Mouse sciatic nerve defects, 2mm in length, were bridged by CPANGs (n=6), with nerve autograft (n=6) and nerve defect (n=6) as controls.Plantar test, electrophysiological examination and laser Doppler perfusion imaging following nerve crush were carried out at 1 year after repair to assess nerve function recovery , while muscle wet weight ratio, histological assessment and transmission electron microscopy were performed to evaluate nerve re -innervation and maturity of regenerated nerve fibers .Results When compared to the autograft group , the CPANG group did not show statistically significant difference in functional recovery in terms of paw withdrawal latency , neurogenic vasodilatation , amplitude and latency of compound muscle action potentials ( CMAPs ) , wet weight ratio of gastrocnemius and tibialis cranialis muscles , number of myelinated nerve fibers and density of unmyelinated axons .However , both these two repair groups exhibited significantly longer CMAPs latency , thinner myelin sheath and a lag-behind shift of diameter distribution of myelinated axons as compared to the normal control .Conclusion At 1 year after the mouse sciatic nerve defect was repaired by CPANGs , sensory and autonomic nerve function , number of regenerated axons and muscle re-innervation degree were recovered to the same extent as nerve autografting , but the regenerated nerve fibers were in a state of immaturity .

OBJECTIVE To investigate the disinfectant-resistant gene qacE△1-sul1 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burned patients. METHODS GNS-448 and K-B tests were performed to detect the susceptibility of 19 kinds of antimicrobial agents against these strains. Genotype was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and verified by DNA sequencing. RESULTS The 32 strains isolated were all resistant to ampicillin,cefuroxime,cefoxitin,SMZ/TPM. The sensitive rates to amikacin and gentamicin were 68.0%,and 46.9%,respectively,the resistant rates to imipenem and meropenem were 68.8% and 59.4%,respectively. The positive rate of gene qacE△1-sul1 was 50.0%. CONCLUSIONS The resistance of P. aeruginosa isolated from burned patients is a serious issue.There is high positive percentage of qacE△1-sul1 gene in P. aeruginosa isolated from burned patients.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the cause of Acinetobacter baumannii resistance to ?-lactam and the aminoglycoside-modifying antibacterials. METHODS Three-dimensional test was used to analyze and classify the ?-lactamases. Proper primers was used to do PCR and determined by sequencing. RESULTS A. baumannii clinical isolate harbored blaOXA2-23,blaTEM and blaADC genes and aac(3)-Ⅰ,aac(6')-Ⅰb and ant(3″)-Ⅰ aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes. CONCLUSIONS An A. baumannii strain which carries TEM,OXA-23,ADC ?-lactams and aac(3)-Ⅰ,aac(6')-Ⅰb,ant(3″)-Ⅰ aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes is detected.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the 16S rRNA methylase gene and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burned patients. METHODS GNS-448 and K-B tests were performed to detect the susceptibility to 19 kinds of antimicrobial agents against these strains. 16S rRNA methylase gene and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and verified by DNA sequencing. RESULTS The 32 isolated strains were all resistant to ampicillin,cefuroxime,cefoxitin,SMZ-TMP,The sensitive rates to amikacin and gentamicin were 68% and 46.9%,respectively. The resistant rates to imipenem and meropenem were 68.8% and 59.4%,respectively. The 16S rRNA methylase gene and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes including aac(6')-Ⅰb,aac(6')-Ⅱ,ant(3″)-Ⅰ,ant(2″)-Ⅰ and rmtB were found and positive rates were 9.4%,3.1%,28.1%,25.0% and 3.1%,respectively. A novel subtype of aac(6')-Ⅰb was reported firstly. CONCLUSIONS There are high positive percentage of 16S rRNA methylase gene and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes in P. aeruginosa isolated from burned patients. P. aeruginosa resistance to aminoglycoside relates to the existence of 16S rRNA methylase gene and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes.

OBJECTIVE To understand the drug resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN) isolate resistance to 18 kinds of antibacterials which included imipenem and meropenem. METHODS We detected 36 kinds of drug resistance genes for the strain of KPN by PCR method,included the beta-lactamases genes,blaTEM,blaSHV,blaLEN,blaOKP,(blaCTX-M-1,2 and 9) groups,(blaOXA-1,2 and 10) groups,CARB,PER,VEB and GES; the genes of metallo-beta-lactamases genes,IMP,VIM and KPC; the AmpC genes,DHA,ACT,MOX and LAT; the aminoglycosides resistant genes,aac(3)-Ⅰ,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6')-Ⅰb,aac(6')-Ⅱ,ant(2″)-Ⅰ and ant(3″)-Ⅰ; the quinolones resistant gene qnr; the TMP resistant genes,dfrA1 and dfrA17; the disinfectant-sulfanilamide resistantgene,qacE△1-sul1;the integron genes,intⅠ-1,intⅠ-2 and intⅠ-3; and the transposon genes,tnpA and merA.RESULTS We found 9 kinds of drug resistance genes in this KPN isolate. They were the beta-lactamases genes,blaTEM and blaSHV; the metallo-beta-lactamasesgene blaKPC-2; the aminoglycosides resistant genes,aac(3)-Ⅱ and ant(3″)-Ⅰ; the quinolones resistant gene qnr; the TMP resistant gene dfrA17; the disinfectant-sulfanilamide resistant gene qacE△1-sul1 and the integron genes intⅠ-1. CONCLUSIONS We discovere multiple drug resistant genes (some in the chromosome,some are plasmid-mediated) in this isolate. We also find the infrequent plasmid-mediated drug resistant gene blaKPC-2. We think it's concerned with the pan-resistant and the multi-drug resistant genes in this KPN,and we must pay highly attention to this isolate in clinic.