OBJECTIVE: Antidepressants Modulate Neuronal Plasticity. Tianeptine, An Atypical Antidepressant, Might Be Involved In The Restoration Of Neuronal Plasticity; It Primarily Enhances The Synaptic Reuptake Of Serotonin. Ncam140 Is Involved In Neuronal Development Processes, Synaptogenesis And Synaptic Plasticity. We Investigated The Effect Of Tianeptine On The Expression Of Ncam140 And Its Downstream Signaling Molecule In The Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line Sh-sy5y. METHODS: NCAM protein expression was measured in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells that were cultivated in serum-free media and treated with 0, 10, or 20 microM tianeptine for 6, 24, or 72 hours. NCAM140 expression in the tianeptine treatment group was confirmed by Western blot, and quantified through measurement of band intensity by absorbance. CREB and pCREB expression was identified after treatment with 20 microM tianeptine for 6, 24, and 72 hours by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared to cells treated for 6 hours, cells treated with 0 or 10 microM tianeptine for 72 hours showed a significant increase in NCAM140 expression and cells treated with 20 microM tianeptine showed a significant increase after 24 and 72 hours. The pCREB level in cells treated with 20 microM tianeptine increased in time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that the tianeptine antidepressant effect may occur by induction of NCAM140 expression and CREB phosphorylation.
Antidepressive Agents ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Culture Media, Serum-Free ; Humans ; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Neuroblastoma ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons ; Phosphorylation ; Plastics ; Serotonin

No abstract available.
Amniocentesis* ; Cytogenetics*

This report is concerned with our clinical experience of 40 cases of anesthesia for open heart surgery at the Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul Adventist hospital during the period between July, 1988 and May, 1990. The results were as follows: 1) Among the 40 cases, 16 cases were congenital heart disease and 24 cases were acguired heart disease. 13 cases were male and 27 were female, Age was varied from 4 years to 71 years and mean was 33.2 years. 2) Morphine and glycopyrrolate were used as premedicants. 3) Thiopental, morphine and fentanly were used as induction agents, were injected singly or in combination. 4) Morphine, fentanyl and N2O were used as anesthetic agents in conjunction with halothane or enflurane. 5) Succinylcholine, vecuronium and pancuronium were used for intubation and maintenance of muscle relaxation. 6) The duration of eardiopulmonary bypass, aortic cross clamp, surgery and anesthesia in acquired heart disease were longer than in congenital heart disease, 7) Overall the mortality rate was 5% and the cause of death were air embolism and respiratory failue.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesiology ; Anesthetics ; Cause of Death ; Embolism, Air ; Enflurane ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Glycopyrrolate ; Halothane ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases ; Heart* ; Humans ; Intubation ; Male ; Morphine ; Mortality ; Muscle Relaxation ; Pancuronium ; Seoul ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental ; Thoracic Surgery* ; Vecuronium Bromide

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the stress of community residents using the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ-60, as an instrument of stress measurement. METHODS: The study included 2100 residents, aged 20 and over, living in three areas, a large city, a medium sized city and a rural area, between June and September 2001. A questionnaire interviewing method was used to collect data. The data were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: In this study, the degree of stress, as measured by the GHQ-60, was shown to be significantly higher in the following categories: females, people over 60 years old, people engaged in the primary industries and labor work, low incomes, the divorced and the bereaved, people who received no more than an elementary education, people who suffer from chronic diseases and non-exercisers. A factor analysis suggested that there were three factors of social dysfunction factors; psychosomatic symptom, and depression and anxiety. The social dysfunction factors was statistically significant for the groups described above. The factor of psychosomatic symptoms was statistically significant in the rural residents, and in the groups described above. The depression and anxiety factor was statistically significant in the large city residents, people aged between 20-29 years, students, unmarried persons, university graduates and those having suffered from chronic diseases. From the multiple linear regression analyses, chronic disease, exercise, gender and income, proved to be significant stress related factors. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that special attention should be given to the management of the chronic invalided, non-exercisers, females and small income earners, in order to maintain and promote the psychological health of residents in a community.
Anxiety ; Chronic Disease ; Depression ; Divorce ; Education ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Methods ; Single Person

OBJECTIVE: According to the 3rd Korean National Dementia Plan, the dementia-friendly community initiative was launched. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a rural dementia-friendly village project on the participants. METHODS: Jeollabukdo Provincial Dementia Center designated Sosu-maeul, located in Buan-gun Jeollabuk-do, as a rural dementia-friendly village. We conducted dementia partnership education, youth-elder matching activity, and cognitive enhancing program. The efficacy of this project was evaluated by the changes in dementia awareness, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms. We used dementia awareness questionnaire, Mini-Mental Status Examination for Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS), and Korean version of Short form of Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-K). RESULTS: This study was carried out with 24 residents in this community. There was no significant change in dementia awareness score between pre- and post-intervention (p=0.25). MMSE-DS score was significantly increased from 24.5 to 25.5 (p < 0.001) and SGDS-K score was statistically improved from 3.5 to 2.5 (p=0.04) after interventions. CONCLUSION: We Jeollabukdo Provincial Dementia Center carried out a pilot study of a rural dementia-friendly village project. This project led to improvements on cognitive functions and depressive symptoms in the participants. But the improvement of dementia awareness was not achieved. More direct and experiencing interventions for people with dementia are necessary to improve dementia awareness.
Cognition* ; Dementia* ; Depression* ; Education ; Jeollabuk-do ; Mass Screening ; Pilot Projects

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to reconsider the necessity of stroke-related educational programs by investigating early symptoms of stroke that emergency medical technicians (EMTs) may experience. METHODS: An interview survey was carried out, targeting all EMTs 298 people who were working at 119 fire safety centers and local units in Jeollabuk-do province, from April 1 to 30, 2011. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on ETMs' demographic characteristics, educational level on stroke, and awareness level about early symptoms of stroke and treatment-related characteristics of stroke patients. RESULTS: The results showed that 63.2% of those surveyed had completed the required educational programs on stroke during the past year. The level of awareness about early symptoms of stroke and assessment of stroke patients' condition was relatively high for women, those who were 30 years under, low position people, emergency service practitioners, emergency medical technicians, and people who have completed education, respectively. It was also turned out that 82.8% of those surveyed took stroke patients to the nearest hospitals first so that they could receive appropriate treatment. The level of awareness about early symptoms of stroke and assessment of stroke patients' condition in people who have completed education were higher than non-complete. The level of awareness about early symptoms of stroke was positively correlated with confidence, satisfaction and appropriateness in treatment of stroke patients. CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest that it is necessary to operate specialized educational programs to enhance EMTs' appropriate awareness of the early symptoms of stroke and assessment of stroke patient's condition.
Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Technicians ; Female ; Fires ; Humans ; Stroke ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to suggest factors related with the job satisfaction of interviewers who participated in Community Health Survey (CHS) in Jeonbuk province. METHODS: An interview survey was carried out, targeting all 70 interviewers who were working at Jeonbuk CHS from Oct. 20 to Oct. 31. 2011. RESULTS: As a result of carrying out a univariate analysis of job satisfaction factors by general characteristics, this study found out that interviewers at the age below 40 showed a higher emotional factor-related score than interviewers at the age over 40, and interviewers having participated a statistic survey more than 6 times showed a higher emotional factor-related score than interviewers having participated a statistic survey less than 5 times. As a result of carrying out a multiple regression analysis of factors by general characteristics, this study found out that as interviewers were older, they showed a lower emotional factor-related satisfaction score and job performance factor-related satisfaction score, and their job satisfaction score was higher when a single interviewer conducts a survey than when more than 2 interviewers conduct a survey. CONCLUSIONS: The interviewer's job satisfaction score was relatively low. This results strongly suggest that it is necessary to understand their job performance environment and work environment most of all. It is expected that the results of this study will be used as basic data needed to increase the job satisfaction of interviewers from CHS and improve the quality of survey data.
Health Surveys* ; Interviews as Topic ; Jeollabuk-do ; Job Satisfaction*

OBJECTIVE: Dopamine transporter is member of family of Na/Cl dependent neurotransmitter transporter, 12 transmembrane domain that has high substrate specificity, affinity. It is related with dopamine reuptake in presynaptic vesicle. DAT has a VNTR in its 3'-untranslated region(UTR), 3'-UTR VNTR polymorphism is related with modification of dopamine transmission. The association between with VNTR polymorphism and neuropsychiatric disorders such as alcohol dependence, and low activity ALDH has been studied but their relationship is unclear. We study about association of 3'-UTR VNTR of DAT gene and G2319A and alcohol dependence. METHOD: Group of Korea subjects were studied with alcohol dependence(n=49 male) compared to mentally healthy controls(n=53 male). The peripheral blood sample was acquired. and Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) amplification, Mspl procedure was done. RESULT: There was a significant difference between alcohol dependence group and normal control(genotype frequency p<0.05 allele frequency p<0.05) Allele A frequency and genotype(GG,GA) frequency was a significant difference between alcohol dependence group and normal control(p<0.05) CONCLUSION: Our study showed that genetic polymorphism of DAT1 G2319A had relation with alcohol dependence.
Alcoholism* ; Alleles ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Dopamine* ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Korea ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Polymorphism, Genetic* ; Substrate Specificity

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is closely related with a high death rate, rhythmia, ischemic heart disease, stroke and sudden death. It is known that the prognosis becomes better as LVH regresses. Therefore, it is important to diagnose it correctly with ease in primary care. The authors evaluated the most standard cardio-thoracic ratio (CTR) with respect to LVH oriented towards elderly people whose body habitus changed over time as they had become older, and evaluated the factors which affect the rate of diagnosis including sensitivity and specificity. METHODS: A total of 231 subjects over 60 years of age who visited a general hospital health promotion center from March 1997 to August 2003, underwent echocardiography and identified not to have heart disease were selected. LV (left vetricular) mass was measured through echocardiography. LV mass was divided by 2.7 times of height (m) by Deveruex's method, and 49.1 g/m2.7 for men and 46.7 g/m2.7 for women were set to be standards of LVH. CTR was obtained by dividing the maximum transverse diameter of the heart by maximum transverse diameter of thorax on chest PA. RESULTS: CTR was observed on the basis of 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, and the agreement was highest of 0.5 for men and 0.45 for women. However, considering the sensitivity, the specificity, and the positive predictive value, it was thought to be most proper to be set at 0.5 was be standard for both men and women. When diagnosing LVH through chest PA, if 0.5 was set to be standard, false positive become high in women, false negative became high as height increased, and false negative became high as body mass index (BMI) increased. The smoking group showed higher false negative compared to the non- smoking group, and the false negative was higher as the level of hemoglobin increased. CONCLUSION: When diagnosing LVH through CTR in elderly people, it was appropriate to set 0.5 as a standard, but it is necessary to consider sex, body habitus, BMI, smoking and the level of hemoglobin.
Aged* ; Body Mass Index ; Death, Sudden ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular* ; Male ; Mortality ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Primary Health Care ; Prognosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stroke ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: This study investigates the perception of the general public regarding the concentration to metropolitan, hospitals of cardiac and cerebrovascular surgeries, and the perceived public need for government policies to resolve this issue. METHODS: A total of 800 participants were recruited for our telephone interview survey. Quota sampling was performed, adjusting for age and sex, to select by various geographic regions. Sampling with random digit dialing was performed; we called the randomly generated telephone numbers and made three attempts for non-responders before moving on to a different telephone number. RESULTS: Our sample population was 818 participants, 401 men (49.0%) and 417 women (51.0%). Our data showed that 85.5% of participants thought that cardiac surgery and neurosurgery patients are concentrated in large hospitals in Seoul. The principle reason for regional patients to want to receive surgery at major hospitals in Seoul was because of poor medical standards associated with regional hospitals (87.7%). We found that a vast majority of participants (97.5%) felt that government policies are needed to even out the clustering of cardiac surgery and neurosurgery patients, and that this clustering may be alleviated if policies that can specifically enhance the quality and the capacity of regional hospitals to carry out surgeries are adopted (98.3%). CONCLUSION: Government policy making must reflect public desiderata, and we suggest that these public health needs may be partially resolved through government-designated cardiac and neurosurgery specialist hospitals in regional areas.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Female ; Hospitals, Urban* ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Neurosurgery ; Policy Making ; Public Health ; Seoul ; Specialization ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Telephone ; Thoracic Surgery