PURPOSE: To identify the effects of workplace bullying of hospital nurses on the quality of nursing service and to investigate the moderating effects of professional self-concept in the relationship between workplace bullying and quality of nursing service. METHODS: The participants in this study were 280 nurses working in hospitals located in J Province. Data were collected from December 20, 2016, to January 20, 2017. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 22.0 statistical program. RESULTS: Workplace bullying had significant negative correlations with professional self-concept and nursing service quality. There was a significant positive correlation between professional self-concept and nursing service quality. Professional self-concept was the only variable to show a moderating effect in the relationship between the outcome of workplace bullying and quality of nursing service (β=−.12, p=.023). CONCLUSION: The findings from this study suggest building a systematic strategy to prevent workplace bullying at the organizational-level, where it threatens quality of nursing service and developing programs to promote professional self-concept, which can control the negative effect of workplace bullying.
Bullying ; Nursing Services ; Nursing

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Prevalence*

PURPOSE: To determine the necessity of site-specific bone mineral density(BMD) measurement and the difference between the BMD of the two femora using DXA in the evaluation of osteoporosis. MATERIALS & METHODS: Total BMD and regional BMD(Lumbar spine, femoral neck, Ward's area, intertrochanter area) were measured on seventy-eight healthy persons without previons diseases, and the statistical significance analyzed. RESULTS: Total BMD did not reliably reflect the site-specific BMD. There was a high correlation between BMD in opposing femora. Correlation coefficients between the femoral neck, Ward's area, trochanter area were 0. 939, 0.874 and 0.916 respectively. CONCLUSION: We conclude that a measuremnt of site-specific BMD is necessory because the total BMD can not reliably predict the regional BMD. The measurement of BMD in one femur can predict the BMD of the contralateral femur. If there is no history of femoral neck disease, unilateral BMD measurement is recommended for femoral evaluation.
Absorptiometry, Photon* ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Osteoporosis ; Spine

The educational goal of premedical education is to provide a desired college-level training in liberal arts as well as sciences, and to provide a basis for future medical studies. However, there has been concern that the current premedical education at Korea University has been unproductive and has not met the educational goals. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the current premedical academic curriculum at Korea University and to provide baseline data for developing an improved premedical curriculum. A survey involving faculty, residents, and students from Korea University Medical School was conducted. The results of the study suggested that the current premedical curriculum was not relevant to future medical studies and the General Studies Program as a source for learning liberal arts and humanities, were not appropriate. There was a growing need for structural and functional integration between premedical and medical studies and in addition to requirement of reinforcing the social and human sciences into the premedical curriculum.
Curriculum* ; Education, Premedical ; Humanities ; Humans ; Korea* ; Learning ; Schools, Medical

BACKGROUND: Obesity has been accepted as the rusk factor of major chronic diseases in our society. And nutritional assessment is the important issue in respect to obesity evaluation. A self-administrated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire of which validity is recognized is used in nutritional assessment. But the relationship between nutritional assessment resulted from the questionnaire and the obesity index has not been built until now, so we studied about this relationship. METHODS: Among 324 adults who had visited health screening center from June'95 to August '96, 270 adults were evaluated except who had any chronic disease such as diabetes mellitus, pulmonary tuberculosis, thyroid disease by screening data or low calorie diet for aimed weight loss or inadequate Questionnaire. Nutritional intake was assessed by the self-administrated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. We evaluated the activity grade, obesity indices such as body mass index(BMI), waist to hip ratio(WHR), percent body fat using bioelectrical impedance fatness analyzer and serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride. Then we examined the correlation between obesity Indices and nutritional variables each other. We analyzed these results using Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: We evaluated for a group of 164 men and 106 women whose mean age was 43.9 years, mean BMI was 23.2kg/m2, mean WHR was 0.85 and mean percent body fat was 21.2%. Correlation coefficient between calorie intake to recommended calorie ratio(ICRCR) and BMI was 0.13(P<0.05), WHR was 0.11(P> OR =0.05), and percent body fat was 0.07(P> OR =0.05). Fats intake to recommended fats ratio(IFRFR) and obesity indices didn't show the significant correlation between them. We could not find the significant correlation between cholesterol intake and serum total cholesterol, triglyceride but the significant negative correlation between cholesterol intake and serum HDL-cholesterol(r=-0.14) was found. CONCLUSIONS: Only BMI among obesity indices and ICRCR showed low(r=0.13) correlation coefficient although it is significant. Our results shows that obesity is the complex syndrome influenced by genetic, social, psychological, medical variables besides nutritional impacts.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Caloric Restriction ; Cholesterol ; Chronic Disease ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Electric Impedance ; Fats ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Nutrition Assessment* ; Obesity* ; Thyroid Diseases ; Triglycerides ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Weight Loss ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: To assess the MR findings of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and to evaluat differential point of cavernous sinus lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven cases of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome were evaluated by MRI with specific regard to the shape of cavernous sinus, signal intensity, and pattern of enhancement. Other associated findings were also anlaysed. RESULTS: Two patients had normal MR features of the cavernous sinus. When compared with the contralateral normal cavernous sinus, the involved cavernous sinus was enlarged in six of the nine patients. The outer dural margin was convex and bulged laterally in 6 cases, flat in 2 cases, and concave in 1 case. Of the nine patients, five had iso-signal intensity and four had low signal intensity relative to gray matter on short TR/short TE. Three had isosignal intensity and 6 were not detectale on long TR/short and long TE pulse sequence. Contrast enhancement was seen in 8 cases ;7 cases showed homogeneous enhancement, 1 case heterogeneous enhancement. CONCLUSION: In the appropriate clinical setting of painful ophthalmoplegia, MR findings of cavernous sinus abnormality that consist of iso to low signal intensity on short TR/short TE images and isointense or undetectale mass on long TR/short TE or long TR/Iong TE images may suggest the dignosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.
Cavernous Sinus ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome*

BACKGROUND: Perioperative noxious stimuli and inflammation may induce peripheral and central sensitization. Together, these changes contribute to the state of postinjury pain hypersensitivity found postoperatively. Preemptive analgesia may prevent nociceptive inputs generated during surgery from sensitizing central neurones and may therefore, reduce postoperative pain. We studied whether or not intravenous meperidine infusion before induction could affect postoperative pain and analgesic consumption when compared with intravenous meperidine infusion at peritoneum closure. METHODS: Female patients scheduled for cesarean section were randomly assigned to one of two groups for prospective study. Group I (n=10) received intravenous meperidine (0.5 mg/kg) 5 minutes before induction of anesthesia and group II (n=10) received the same treatment at peritoneal closure. Both groups had a continuous infusion of meperidine (5 mg/hr) immediately after intravenous bolus meperidine. Postoperative pain relief was provided with intravenous meperidine from a PCA system (Walkmed , Medex, USA). Postoperative visual analogue pain scores (VAS), meperidine consumption and side effects were examined and compared between the groups for two postoperative days. RESULTS: At two hours post surgery VAS at rest were below 3 in both groups and were not statistically significant. VAS on motion were slightly higher than VAS at rest in both groups and were not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in meperidine consumption. There were minor side effects such as nausea, somnolence, dizziness and pruritus, but no patients needed any treatment and all of them were satisfied. CONCLUSION: Preemptive or postincisional intravenous PCA with meperidine was equally effective for postoperative analgesia after cesarean section, with minor side effects. These results suggested that there was no reason for applying preemptive analgesia for cesarean section patients. Further studies will be needed to evaluate preemptive effects of intravenous meperidine or other analgesics in cesarean section patients.
Analgesia* ; Analgesics ; Anesthesia ; Central Nervous System Sensitization ; Cesarean Section* ; Dizziness ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; Meperidine* ; Nausea ; Neurons ; Pain, Postoperative ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Peritoneum ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies ; Pruritus

Bronchogenic cyst is a congenital anomaly of the embryolgic foregut. A bronchogenic cyst is thought to arise from developing lung bud structure in the 7th week of gestation. Subcutaneous bronchogenic cyst is developed from isolated lung parenchyme during cell migration. Sometimes the fistula is formed between cyst and epidermis. Histologically, fistula tract is lined with sebaceous gland, which is the evidence of embryologic anomaly of cyst. The most common extrapulmonary location of bronchogenic cyst is mediastinum. Subcutaneous location is uncommon. Subcutaneous bronchogenic cyst is commonly located in suprasternal notch followed by the presternal area, neck and scapula. Subcutaneous bronchogenic cyst is predominantly found in male and the ratio is four to one. Clinically the cutaneous presentation vary from nodular swelling, sinus tract ostium to papillomatous lesion. The differential diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst include branchial cleft cyst, thyroglossal duct cyst, cutaneous ciliated cyst and mature cystic teratoma. The diagnosis of subcutanoeus cyst is entirely dependent on the histologic feature. Bronchogenic cyst is lined with ciliated pseudostratified columar epithelium of respiratory origin. Underlying wall is surrounded by the smooth muscle, cartilage and seromucinous gland. This report is on a subcutaneous bronchogenic cyst in a 5-years-old male without fistula tract. The cyst is 5 x 4 x 3 cm in size and histolgically shows the typical feature of bronchogenic cyst.
Branchioma ; Bronchogenic Cyst* ; Cartilage ; Cell Movement ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epidermis ; Epithelium ; Fistula ; Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Muscle, Smooth ; Neck ; Pregnancy ; Scapula ; Sebaceous Glands ; Teratoma ; Thyroglossal Cyst

No abstract available.
Ossicular Prosthesis*

BACKGROUND: Intravenous lidocaine has been reported previously to inhibit neuropathic pain. But it`s analgesic effect in postoperative pain has provided controversial results. The object of this study was to define the analgesic effect of intravenous lidocaine in addition to morphine on postoperative pain control. METHOD: Female patients scheduled for total abdominal hysterectomy were randomly assigned to one of two groups to be studied in a double-blind manner. Group M (n=20) and Group M+L (n=18) received intravenous morphine (0.1 mg/kg) or intravenous morphine (0.1 mg/kg) + lidocaine (30 mg), respectively, after closure of the peritoneum. Continuous infusion of morphine (1.5 mg/hr) or morphine (1.5 mg/hr) + lidocaine (60 mg/hr) was started immediately after i.v. bolus injection, respectively, until the end of the operation. Postoperative pain was managed with a PCA pump (Walkmed, Medex, USA), setting the basal rate of morphine (0.5 mg/hr) + bolus dose (1.5 mg) and lock out time of 10 min in group M, adding the lidocaine (basal rate: 20 mg/hr and bolus dose: 60 mg) to the same dose of morphine as group M in group M+L. Postoperative visual analogue pain scores (VAS), analgesic requirements and side effects were examined for 2 days postoperatively and compared between groups. RESULTS: VAS at movement were significantly less (p< 0.05) in group M+L than in group M of 2, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hrs after surgery. Patient-controlled morphine cumulative consumption in group M+L was significantly less (p< 0.05) than in group M for 24 hours (26.3 mg vs 35.3 mg) after the operation (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous lidocaine reduces postoperative pain at movement and analgesic requirements. These results suggest that low-dose adminstration of i.v. lidocaine attenuates the postoperative hyperalgesic state.
Analgesia ; Analgesics ; Anesthetics ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Lidocaine* ; Morphine* ; Neuralgia ; Pain, Postoperative ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis* ; Peritoneum