BACKGROUND: Pelviscopic techniques have rapidly increased in therapeutic procedures as well as diagnostic procedures because of the many benefits associated with much smaller incisions than traditional open techniques. But the deliberate pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide during pelviscopic surgery may cause some problems-hypercarbia, pneumomentum, subcutaneous or mediastinal emphysema, pneumothorax, hypoxemia, hypotension, cardiovascular collapse and cardiac dysrhythmia. METHOD: We observed the changes of blood pressure (systolic, mean, diastolic), pulse rate, PaCO2, PaO2, peak inspiratory airway pressure and expired tidal volume at 10 minute after induction of general anesthesia (control value), 30 minutes and 60 minutes after insufflation of CO2 and Trendelenburg position. RESULTS: The blood pressure, PaCO2 and peak inspiratory airway pressure were increased significantly than control values (p<0.05). The changes of pulse rate and expired tidal volume were not statistically significant in comparison to control values. The PaO2 was decreased significantly (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: To minimize the risk of CO2 retension and unstability of cardiovascular system during pelviscopy under the Trendelenburg position, we must monitor the vital signs and the arterial blood gas status continuously and carefully.
Anesthesia, General* ; Anoxia ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Pressure ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cardiovascular System ; Head-Down Tilt* ; Heart Rate ; Hypotension ; Insufflation* ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Pneumoperitoneum ; Pneumothorax ; Tidal Volume ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The consumption of home meal replacement (HMR) is increasing among college students in Korea and China. In particular, Chinese college students studying abroad in Korea (CSK) show changes in their dietary behavior after migration, and HMR consumption for meal substitution is also increasing. This study was conducted to compare the HMR consumption behaviors and HMR development needs of CSK, Chinese college students in China (CSC), and Korean college students in Korea (KSK). SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were 570 college students (180 CSK, 200 CSC, and 190 KSK) who had experience of HMR consumption. Data were collected by face-to-face survey in 2019 and analyzed using SPSS 25.0. RESULTS: The majority of the subjects purchased HMR to ‘saving time’ and ‘preventing meal skipping’. Average purchase price per HMR was about 5,000 won for the CSK and KSK, and about 3,000 won for the CSC. The most important attributes when selecting HMR for the CSK and CSC were hygiene, freshness, and taste in that order, while for the KSK were taste, price, and hygiene. Rice was preferred by the KSK while grilled and fried dishes were preferred by the CSK and CSC. In terms of development needs, dessert and meat-based side dishes were highest in all three groups. The preferred food materials for more than 50% of the subjects of all groups were beef, chicken, pork, shrimp, and squid, and spinach and Chinese cabbage in the CSK, and onion in the KSK. CONCLUSIONS This study shows more effort is needed to develop the healthy customized HMR for college students studying in Korea and China, and that focuses are placed by CSK on hygiene and freshness, by CSC on meat side dishes, hygiene, and price, and by KSK on snacks (as meal substitutes), taste, and price.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide a basis for non-humidified low flow oxygen by nasal cannula and to provide a guide for consistent care in nursing practice. METHODS: A methodological study on the development of guidelines with experts' opinions on collected items, framing PICO questions, evaluating and synthesizing texts which were searched with the key words (low flow oxygen, nasal cannula, humidification of oxygen, guideline) from web search engines. RESULTS: Of the 45 researched texts on the web, 9 texts relevant to the theme were synthesized and evaluated. All patients with humidified or non-humidified oxygen therapy reported that they had no discomfort. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that there are no tangible grounds for patients' perceived differences between the humidified and non-humidified oxygen under 4L/min supplied by nasal cannula. with oxygen. Therefore, non-humidification oxygen therapy is strongly advised when suppling under 4L/min oxygen by nasal cannula (recommended grade A).
Catheters ; Humans ; Oxygen

An abnormal dipping pattern in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is a cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. However, its impact on CV mortality has not been investigated sufficiently in clinical practice to be considered a standard parameter. We assessed the association between abnormal dipping patterns and increased CV mortality in a tertiary hospital in Korea. Our retrospective cohort study included 401 patients who underwent ABPM between 1994 and 1996 in Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. The patients were classified as risers (<0% drop in systolic BP; n=107), and others included dippers and non-dippers (> or =0% drop, n=294). The follow-up period was 120 months. The frequency of CV mortality was 14.0% in risers and 5.8% in others. A Cox regression analysis found a significant association between dipping pattern and CV mortality, after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and hypercholesterolemia. Risers were at greater risk of CV death than others (RR, 3.02, P=0.022), but there was no difference in event rates between dippers and non-dippers. The reverse dipping pattern may be more frequent in clinical settings than in the population at large, and it is strongly associated with increased risk of CV mortality in Korea.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Blood Pressure/*physiology ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*mortality ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/complications ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Regression Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and to identify related factors in elderly hemodialysis patients. Sixty-four patients who were registered in Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, participated in the study. The data was collected between September and December, 2003. General characteristics were obtained with the use of an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric and biochemical data, 3-day dietary records and dietary habits were also obtained. The results of this study were analyzed with t-test or x2-test using SPSS package program. The percentage of elderly hemodialysis patients who were undergoing mild to severe malnutrition (MN group)and were normal nutrition (NN group) by subjective global assessment (SGA) criteria were 46.9% and 53.1%, respectively. Appetite (p<0.05) and dietary cholesterol intakes (p<0.05) were significantly lower in MN group than the NN group. Body mass index (BMI, p<0.001), lean body mass (LBM, p<0.05), triceps skinfold thickness (TSF, p<0.01), mid arm circumference (MAC, p<0.01)and mid arm muscle circumference (MAMC, p<0.05) were also lower in the MN group than the NN group. There were also significant differences in blood urea nitrogen (BUN, p<0.05), creatinine (p<0.05) , prealbumin (p<0.001) and C-reactive protein (CRP, p<0.05) . SGA was negatively correlated with serum BUN, creatinine and prealbumin, dry weight, BMI, LBM, total body water, TSF, MAC and MAMC, and positively correlated with age. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, SGA was related to BMI, CRP, age and BUN. In conclusion, almost half of the subjects were in malnourished status and had lower values in anthropometric and biochemical data. Our results suggest that SGA is a simple and adequate method for assessing the nutritional status in elderly hemodialysis patients and adequate dietary guidelines based on individual nutritional status are needed in the patients.
Aged* ; Appetite ; Arm ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Body Mass Index ; Body Water ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cholesterol, Dietary ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Creatinine ; Diet Records ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Korea ; Malnutrition ; Nutrition Policy ; Nutritional Status* ; Prealbumin ; Renal Dialysis* ; Seoul ; Skinfold Thickness ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Background: This study investigated the recognition of employees and blood donors regarding the spread of COVID-19 and the response of the Korean Red Cross Blood Service. Methods: An online survey was conducted through internal groupware targeting employees of the Korean Red Cross Blood Center and Blood Laboratory Center. For the blood donor survey, a text message containing the survey URL was sent to 20,000 blood donors on July 31, 2020, and the responses were analyzed. Results: Of those who received text messages, 63.7% of staff and 8.6% of blood donors participated. Of the employees surveyed, the greatest urgency was the need to prepare after COVID-19; strengthening safety and protection measures of employees showed the highest result. In the concern on future blood services, the highest result was the deterioration of blood supply due to decreasing number of blood donors. In a survey of blood donors, 16.0% answered that the spread of COVID-19 had a very negative or somewhat negative effect on the recognition of blood donation, and 80.4% responded positively to sending an ‘emergency disaster message requesting blood donation’ when blood stocks dropped sharply. Conclusion It is necessary to expand blood donation promotion and prepare systematic blood donor management measures for a stable blood supply during a pandemic, such as COVID-19. The emergency disaster message requesting blood donation helped solve the blood shortage, but it appears that an effective use plan will be needed in the future.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a complex multigenic disorder, with significant inheritable elements having important roles relating to environmental factors. Recently, the alpha 2 adrenoceptor (alpha(2)-AR) gene has been reported to be involved in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between an insertion/deletion (I/D) in alpha(2B)-AR and CAD in Korean subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The alpha(2B)-AR I/D polymorphism, which was located in the third intracellular loop of the receptor polypeptide, was examined in 292 patients (M:F=219:73) with CAD and 151 healthy control subjects (M:F=70:81) who visited the Cardiovascular Genome Center in Yonsei Cardiovascular Hospital. RESULTS: In the patient group, 77 men (35.1%) and 26 women (35.6%) had the I/I genotype; 105 men (47.9%) and 39 women (53.4%) a heterozygous genotype and 37 (17.0%) and 8 (11.0%) the D/D genotype. In the controls, 23 men (32.8%) and 29 women (35.8%) had the I/I genotype; 38 (54.3%) and 39 (48.1%) the I/D genotype and 9 (12.9%) and 13 (16.1%) the D/D genotype. There were no differences in the genotype frequencies between the patient and control groups, either in men or women. From a logistical regression analysis, the alpha(2B)-AR genotype was not significantly associated with CAD in our study group. CONCLUSION: The alpha(2B)-AR I/D polymorphism is not a risk factor for CAD in the Korean population.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Female ; Genome ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Factors*

We report the results of investigating and managing a tuberculosis (TB) exposure in a postpartum care center. Among the contacts exposed to a nursing assistant with subclinical TB, 5 of 44 neonates (11.4%) had positive tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) at 3 months of age, and all the TST-positive neonates received the Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination. Seven of 28 healthcare workers (25.0%) and 1 of 3 household contacts (33.3%) were positive in the initial or repeated interferon-gamma release assay. None of the contacts developed TB disease during the study period. Annual TB examinations of healthcare personnel at a postpartum care center under the Tuberculosis Prevention Act in South Korea enabled the early detection of subclinical TB, which reduced the risk of transmission to neonates under strict coronavirus disease 2019 prevention measures.

Human milk banks are a solution for mothers who cannot supply their own breast milk to their sick or hospitalized infants; premature infants, in particular, are unable to receive a full volume of breast milk for numerous reasons. As of December 2015, there was only one milk bank in a university hospital in Korea. We reviewed the basic characteristics of donors and recipients, and the amounts and contamination of breast milk donated at the Human Milk Bank in Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong in Korea from 2008 to 2015. The donor pool consisted of 463 first-time donors and 452 repeat donors who made 1,724 donations. A total of 10,820 L of breast milk was collected, and 9,541.6 L were processed. Detectable bacteria grew in 12.6% after pasteurization and 52.5% had cytomegalovirus DNA before pasteurization in donated milk. There were 836 infant and 25 adult recipients; among new infant recipients, 48.5% were preterm; the groups received 8,009 and 165.7 L of donor milk, respectively. There was an increase in the percentage of preterm infants among new infant recipients in 2015 (93.1%) compared to 2008 (8.5%). Based on the number of premature infants in Korea, the number of potential recipients is not likely to diminish anytime soon, despite efforts to improve the breastfeeding rate. Sustainability and quality improvement of the milk bank need long-term financial support by health authorities and a nationwide network similar to blood banking will further contribute to the progress of milk banking.
Adult ; Bacteria ; Blood Banks ; Breast Feeding ; Cytomegalovirus ; DNA ; Financial Support ; Humans* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Korea ; Milk ; Milk Banks ; Milk, Human* ; Mothers ; Pasteurization ; Quality Improvement ; Tissue Donors

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is very rare in young adults. Nephrotic syndrome is an uncommon cause of AMI in young adults and is characterized by excessive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and generalized edema. The hypercoagulable state and accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with nephrotic syndrome may be associated with the development of AMI in young adults. We report herein a case of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with sudden cardiac arrest in a young patient with minimal change disease.
Atherosclerosis ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Edema ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Nephrosis, Lipoid* ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Proteinuria ; Shock, Cardiogenic* ; Young Adult*