PURPOSE: p53 gene mutations, one of the most common alterations found in human tumors, has also been detected in gastric carcinoma, and shown to have a crucial and early role in gastric carcinogenesis of intestinal type and mainly associated with tumor progression in the cancer of diffuse type. We tried to investigate the frequency of p53 mutations in 27 gastric carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fresh tumor tissue from a series of gastric carcinoma was screened for p53 mutations by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) with silver staining and confirmed by direct-sequencing in 27 cases of gastric carcinoma. Immunohistochemical method for p53 protein accumulation was also performed in the same cases. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry revealed 20 of 27 cases of gastric carcinoma, positive for p53. PCR-SSCP analysis of p53 exons 5-8 detected mobility shift in 4 out of 20 p53-positive tumors; three from exon 5 and the other from exon 7, respectively. DNA sequencing of exon 5 showed CGC to CAC point mutation in one of three cases; exon 7, ATC to AAC point mutation. It seemed that there was no correlation between genetic alterations of p53 gene detected by PCR-SSCP and expression of p53 protein by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIOAS: Our results suggest that mutations of the p53 gene are rare genetic events in carcinogenesis of gastric carcinomas. There was discrepancy between mutations screened by PCR-SSCP and overexpressions in immunohistochemical staining.
Carcinogenesis ; Exons ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational* ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Silver Staining

BACKGROUND: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (ESBL) Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). This study aimed to reduce ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in the NICU by using infection control measures. METHODS: We performed prospective surveillance cultures, monitoring, and education for infection control in the NICU between May and August 2011. Specimens were collected from all infants and the environment including stethoscopes, thermometers, ventilators, incubators, etc. The anterior nares and hands of healthcare workers were also screened. We inspected infection control practices and provided feedback. The level of infection control awareness was measured using a questionnaire. RESULTS: The level of awareness and performance of hand washing increased significantly after intervention (both P<0.001). The environmental management of healthcare providers also improved significantly (P=0.001). The yield of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae from clinical specimens decreased gradually throughout the study period (30.4% in May to 12.6% in August). Central catheter-related K. pneumoniae bacteremia decreased from 1.3/1000 to 0/1000 catheter-days. CONCLUSION: Infection control measures including education, monitoring, and surveillance can lower the incidence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in the NICU.
Bacteremia ; beta-Lactamases ; Cross Infection ; Delivery of Health Care ; Hand ; Hand Disinfection ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Incidence ; Incubators ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infection Control ; Intensive Care Units ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Klebsiella ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Pneumonia ; Prospective Studies ; Stethoscopes ; Thermometers ; Ventilators, Mechanical

The purpose of this study was to examine the heterophoria in emmetropia and ametropia. The subjects were 337 healthy men and women between the age of 20-41 years. In 337 cases, Emmetropia were 135 cases, Ametropia were 202 cases. The entire group was tested for heterophoria with synoptophore. In the ametropia, this test was performed before and after correction of refractive error with glasses. The results were as follows: 1. The incidence of heterophoria was 84.4% in emmertropia, 89.2% in myopia and 91.4% in hyperopia. 2. Exophoria was most common in myopia. But in emmetropia and hyperopia, there was no significant difference between the incidence of exophoria and esophoria. The incidence of hyperphoria and cyclophoria was not significantly different between emmetropia and ametropia. 3. In the ametropia, the size of heterophoria was slightly decreased after correction, but the difference was not significant (p>0.05). 4. There was no correlation between the amount of refractive error and the size of heterophoria (p>0.05).
Emmetropia* ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Eyeglasses ; Female ; Glass ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Incidence ; Male ; Myopia ; Ocular Motility Disorders ; Refractive Errors*

Terrien's marginal degeneration is a rare bilateral condition. Most investigators have thought that it was a degenerative origin, and emphasized the lack of significant inflammatory signs and symptoms. Several reports in Korea, except one case of perforation reported only mild conjunctival injection. But, recent reports suggested the possibility of inflammatory process and immune phenomenon. We experienced one case of Terrien's marginal degeneration accompanied with the iritis and treated with topical steroid, conjunctival flap and therapeutic contact lens.
Cornea* ; Humans ; Iritis* ; Korea ; Research Personnel

Terrien's marginal degeneration is a rare bilateral condition. Most investigators have thought that it was a degenerative origin, and emphasized the lack of significant inflammatory signs and symptoms. Several reports in Korea, except one case of perforation reported only mild conjunctival injection. But, recent reports suggested the possibility of inflammatory process and immune phenomenon. We experienced one case of Terrien's marginal degeneration accompanied with the iritis and treated with topical steroid, conjunctival flap and therapeutic contact lens.
Cornea* ; Humans ; Iritis* ; Korea ; Research Personnel

Mllerian adenosarcoma of uterus usually present as pedunculated endometrial masses in postmenopausal women with vaginal bleeding. Extraendometrial variants are much less common. A 50-year-old woman, after total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy due to adenomyosis and benign ovarian mass, presented with protruding mass through vagina. The mass, originated from vaginal stump, was diagnosed as Mllerian adenosarcoma. We report a case of extrauterine Mllerian adenosarcoma with a review of literatures.
Adenomyosis ; Adenosarcoma* ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Middle Aged ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Uterus ; Vagina

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Hysterectomy*

No abstract available.
Germ Cells* ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal*

Synkinetic ptosis refers to abnormal vertical movement of upper eyelid. This abnormal elevation of the eyelid results from opening or closing of the mouth, chewing, sucking, and movement of jaw outward or toward the contralateral side. A number of other stimuli for the phenomenon have been described. These include smile, sternocleidomastoid contraction or tongue protrusion, inspiraion, and voluntary nystagmus. This type of ptosis was most commonly seen with a congenital Marcus-Gunn jaw-winking syndrome. Usually this movement is thought to be due to a congenital misdirection of some of the 5th cranial nerve fibers into the branch of the 3rd cranial nerve that supplied the levator muscle. We experienced 6 cases of synkinetic ptosis, among them, interesting enough, one was typical elevation of upper lid in smile due to misdirection between the oculomotor and facial nerve fibers. The cosmetic problem was the first purpose of the surgery. So, we performed a levator extirpation with frontalis suspension on 4 cases who had the severe jaw-winking phenomenon and undertook only fron talis suspension on 2 cases and one of whom had poor superior rectus function. In the cases who have undergone levator extirpation with frontalis suspension, synkinetic movement was improved in all. However, in those who underwent the frontalis suspension procedure, the synkinetic phenomenon still remained in spite of acceptable improvement of blepharoptosis in primary position.
Blepharoptosis ; Cranial Nerves ; Eyelids ; Facial Nerve ; Jaw ; Mastication ; Mouth ; Tongue

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy in a victimized community district and to determine if the program is an effective nursing intervention to reduce posttraumatic stress disorder symptom, depression and state anxiety. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group design was used for the study. The participants, 32 elementary school students, were selected from grades 4, 5, 6 and each student was assigned to either the experimental (16) or control (16) group. Cognitive behavioral therapy was used as the experimental treatment from April 9 to May 28, 2009. The experimental group received cognitive behavior therapy intervention 8 times. Data analysis was done using ANCOVA with SPSS 17.0. RESULTS: After the intervention, the experimental group showed significantly lower levels of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms than the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings from this study suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective nursing intervention to decrease the level of mental health problems of children in victimized district. Further research is required in order to identify the continuous effects of cognitive behavioral therapy.
Anxiety ; Child ; *Cognitive Therapy ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Mental Health ; *Petroleum Pollution ; Program Evaluation ; Questionnaires ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*therapy ; Stress, Psychological