What we know an actual length of the prostatic urethra is a valuable implement for evaluating on urological conditions of prostatic gland, such as the prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic tumor and other disorders of the prostatic gland. The urological discipline concerned with this, usually known nowadays as cystourethrography, has therefore a key position in evaluating of the length of prostatic urethra clinically. The author performed a cystourethrograph on 20 cases of Korean adults, and measured the length of prostatic urethra on urogram which was made by radiology with a metric system. Results are as follows: 1) Average length of the prostatic urethra on the antero-posterior view was 4.48+/-0.373 (M+/-S.D.) 2) On the right oblique view, average length of prostatic urethra was 4.80+/-0.403 (M+/-S.D.) 3) On the left oblique view, average length of prostatic urethra was 4.85+/-0.419 (M+/-S.D.)
Adult* ; Humans ; Metric System ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Statistics as Topic* ; Urethra*

The Open Access Initiative is gaining momentum due to the worldwide availability of advanced digital tools, online publishing platforms, and systems for tracking academic contributions. Several declarations and initiatives, including Plan S, have already laid a foundation for moving away from subscription to full and immediate open-access publishing. The global initiatives imply targeting journals satisfying the upgraded quality and visibility criteria. To meet these criteria, a comprehensive approach to Open Access is recommended. This article overviews the essential components of the comprehensive approach, increasing transparency, adherence to ethical standards, and diversification of evaluation metrics. With the increasing volume of quality open-access journals, their indexing with free databases and search engines is becoming increasingly important. The Directory of Open Access Journals and PubMed Central currently free searches of open-access sources. These services, however, cannot fully satisfy the increasing demands of the users, and attempts are underway to upgrade the indexing and archiving of open-access sources in China, Japan, Korea, Russia, and elsewhere. The wide use of identifiers is essential for transparency of scholarly communications. Peer reviewers are now offered credits from Publons. These credits are transferrable to their Open Researcher and Contributor iDs. Various social media channels are increasingly used by scholars to comment on articles. All these comments are tracked by related metric systems, such as Altmetrics. Combined with traditional citation evaluations, the alternative metrics can help timely identify and promote publications influencing education, research, and practice.
Abstracting and Indexing as Topic ; Access to Information ; Bibliography as Topic ; China ; Education ; Japan ; Korea ; Metric System ; Open Access Publishing ; Peer Review ; Periodicals as Topic ; Russia ; Search Engine ; Social Media