Drug Stability ; Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVE: To observe histological changes of the intervertebral disc injected with intradiscal steroid and mollification of discogenic pain. METHOD: A study group of 25 Sprague-Dawely rats was divided into five subgroups. A control group of 10 Sprague-Dawely rats was divided into five subgroups. The rats' intervertebral discs were exposed by an anterior surgical approach. For study group, the rats were injected intradiscally methylprednisolone acetate 4 mg (Depomedrol, 40 mg/ml) to the L4-L5 intervertebral disc, methylprednisolone sodium succinate 4 mg (Solumedrol, 40 mg/ml) to the L5-L6 intervertebral disc, and triamcinolone acetonide 4 mg (Triamcinolone, 40 mg/ml) to the L6-S1 intervertebral disc. For control group, the rats were injected intradiscally 0.1 ml of saline to the L5-L6 intervertebral disc and a needle was inserted in the L6-S1 intervertebral disc. The intervertebral discs were extracted after 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 16 weeks. The extracted intervertebral discs were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and examined histomorphometrically. RESULTS: There is no significant histological change in either group until 4 weeks after the different types of steroid were injected. Focal fibrotic change was present in the Solumedrol and Triamcinolone injection subgroups after 16 weeks. CONCLUSION: We concluded that rapid mollification of discogenic pain following intradiscal steroid injection may not result from histological change of the disc. Further biochemical study will be neccessary to clarify mollification mechanism of discogenic pain by intradiscal steroid injection.
Animals ; Intervertebral Disc* ; Methylprednisolone ; Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate ; Needles ; Rats ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide

The purpose of this study was to determine the beneficial effect of treatment with methylprednisolone sodium succinate on the cytochrome oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation during 4 hour after 400gm-cm injury to the cat spinal cord. The contusion injury was associated with a decrease of the cytochrome oxidase activity of the gray matter and an increase of the lipid peroxidation. A significant drop in cytochrome oxidase activity to about 40% of normal level was observed as early as 15 minutes after injury and the lowest activity was reached at 1 hour postinjury, but at 4 hours after injury the level of the activities of the enzyme was increased or stabilized. An increase of lipid peroxidation began as early as 15 minutes after the injury and the highest concentration was reached at 4 hour of postinjury. An intravenous dose of 30mg/kg methylprednisolone sodium succinate was administered immediately after the injury. The significant increased of the cytochrome oxidase activity and concomitant decrease of the lipid peroxidation were found in cats of the treated methylprednislone. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of 30mg/kg dose administration of the methylprednisolone are an enhancement of cytochrome oxidase activity, ie., the mitochondria function and an attenuation of lipid peroxide formation, as the result of the inhibition of the O2-free radial reaction.
Animals ; Cats ; Contusions ; Cytochromes* ; Electron Transport Complex IV* ; Lipid Peroxidation* ; Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate ; Methylprednisolone* ; Mitochondria ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Spinal Cord*

Recent clinical trials have reported that methylprednisolone sodium succinate administered within 8 hours improves neurological recovery in human spinal cord injury (SCI). Methylprednisolone, however, was ineffective and possibly even deleterious when given more than 8 hours after injury. This finding suggests that a therapeutic time window exists in spinal cord injury. In order to determine the doses, durations and timing of methylprednisolone treatment for optimal neuroprotection, a single or two bolus dose of methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) was administered at 10, 30, 120, 150 and 240 min. after three graded spinal cord injury. The primary outcome measure was 24-hour spinal cord lesion volumes estimated from spinal cord Na+ and K+ shifts. A single 30 mg/kg dose of methylprednisolone at 10 min. after injury significantly reduced 24-hour lesion volumes in injured rat spinal cords. However, any other methylprednisolone treatment starting 30 min. or more after injury had no effect on 24-hour lesion volumes compared to the vehicle control group. Moreover, delayed treatment increased lesion volumes in some cases. These results suggest that the NYU SCI model has a very short therapeutic window.
Animal ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Male ; Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate/therapeutic use ; Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate/administration & dosage* ; Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use ; Neuroprotective Agents/administration & dosage* ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Spinal Cord/pathology ; Spinal Cord Injuries/pathology ; Spinal Cord Injuries/drug therapy*

Retrobulbar hematoma is a rare condition caused by direct trauma and postopertive complication. But, if prompt treatments delayed, retobular hematoma can cause catastrophic loss of vision. Proposed mechanism of visual loss by retrobulbar hematoma are increased intraocular pressure, retinal ischemia secondary to central artery occlusion, optic nerve compression and resultant ischemia. When retobulbar hematoma is suspected, medical and surgical treatment are needed. Which includes intravenous osmotic agents, acetazolamide, and beta-blocker eyedrops and prompt surgical exploration, such as lateral canthotomy. We report a case of retrobular hematoma occurred in closed reduction on zygoma fracture of 56-years-old female. In operation, abrrupt mydriasis, exophthalmos, and chemosis are detected and eyeball movement restriction observed. so we consulted these situation to ophthalmologist. He examined the patient and diagnosed as retrobulbar hematoma. So we ceased operation and incised lateral canthotomy promptly and solumedrol 500mg, 15% mannitol 500ml injected intravenously. Postoperative 2 days later, periorbital swelling and chemosis still remained, but mydriasis and eyeball movement restriction are disappeared.
Acetazolamide ; Arteries ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Hematoma* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Ischemia ; Mannitol ; Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate ; Mydriasis ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Optic Nerve ; Retinaldehyde ; Zygoma*

This study was performed to investigate the ranges of electrolyte changes during conventional neurosurgical anesthetic management. We selected 20 patients who were operated for brain tumor, intracranial aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation randomly. All patients were received solumedrol preoperatively and managed with hyperventilation (PaCO2: 25-30 torr), solumedrol (1.0 gm), mannitol, furosemide during operation. At 30 and 60 minutes after mannitol infusion, serum electrolytes (Ka+, K+) were checked. The results were as follows: 1) Serum K+ concentration was decreased from 3.96+/-0.46 mEq/L to 3.63+/-0.40 mEq/L in 30 minutes after diuretic administration (p<0.01). 2) At 60 minutes after diuretic administration, serum K+ concentration was decreased from 3.96+/-0.46mEq/L to 3.75+/-0.37mEq/L (p<0.05) and slightly higher than 30 minutes without statistical significance. 3) Serum Na+ concentration was not significantly changed at 30 and 60 minutes after diuretic administration. In conclusion, frequent evaluation of intraoperative serm electrolytes level should be stressed to prevent distortion of it due to hyperventilation and diuretics in neurosurgical anesthetic management.
Arteriovenous Malformations ; Brain Neoplasms ; Brain* ; Diuretics* ; Electrolytes* ; Furosemide ; Humans ; Hyperventilation* ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Mannitol ; Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate ; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

Objective To evaluate the effect of methylprednisolone sodium succinate combined with tropisetron on postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)under microvascular decompression of hemifacial spasm.Methods From January to June 2019,485 patients undergoing microvascular decompression for facial spasm at Department of Neurosurgery,Peking University People's Hospital were randomly assigned into two groups with random number table method.For group A(n=242),2 ml saline was administrated by intravenous drip before induction and 5 mg tropisetron after operation.For group B(n=243),40 mg methylprednisolone sodium succinate was administrated by intravenous drip before induction and 5 mg tropisetron after operation.The anesthesia time,operation time,and incidence of PONV in 0-24 h and 24-48 h were recorded for the comparison of the remedial treatment rate of nausea and vomiting between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in age,gender,smoking history,body mass index value,American Society of Anesthesiologists score,medical history,surgical side,PONV history,operation time or anesthesia time between the two groups(all P > 0.05).The incidence of PONV in group A was 35.5% and 18.2% during 0-24 h and 24-48 h,respectively,which was significantly higher than that(18.5%,χ
Antiemetics ; Double-Blind Method ; Hemifacial Spasm/surgery* ; Humans ; Indoles ; Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate/therapeutic use* ; Microvascular Decompression Surgery ; Tropisetron

The introduction of microdiscectomy in lumbar spine surgery has resulted in a significant decrease in postoperative pain and length of hospital stay. Intraoperative application of long-acting local anesthetic agents and corticosteroids during lumbar discectomy have been used for the management of postoperative pain. However, the efficacy of local anesthetic agents and corticosteroids has not been reported. This study evaluated 30 patients undergoing lumbar microdiscectomy. These patients were divided into three groups. Group I(10 patients) received intramuscular Depomedrol and intravenous Solumedrol at the start of the operation. A gelfoam soaked with Depomedrol was placed over the affected nerve root following discectomy. In addition, bupivacaine was infiltrated into the paraspinal musculature at the skin incision and during closure. Group II(10 patients) received intramuscular bupivacaine and used a saline-soaked gelfoam. Group III(10 patients) acted as a control group without corticosteroids and bupivacaine. Patients in Group I had a statistically significantly shorter hospital stay(8.9 days) compared to the control group(14.9 days). Patients in Group I required less postoperative narcotic analgesia than the other groups. A larger percentage of patients in Group I reported reduction of lower back pain and radicular pain until #POD 3 compared to other groups. These results indicate that the combination of long-acting local anesthetic agents and corticosteroids can reduce postoperative discomfort and hospital stay.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones* ; Analgesia ; Anesthetics ; Bupivacaine* ; Diskectomy ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Low Back Pain ; Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate ; Pain Management* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Skin ; Spine

PURPOSE: This case is the first report of optic neuritis following acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in Korean literature and we report this case with a successful result of conservative treatment. METHODS: We examined a 7-year and-7-month-old female patient who visited our ophthalmology clinic complaining of a headache and visual disturbance in both eyes. At the time of visit, light perception was negative in both eyes, response to light reflex was nil in the right eye and weak in the left eye. Relative afferent papillary defect (RAPD) was noted in both eyes, and the disc swelling was found in both eyes on fundus examination. MRI brain scans revealed asymmetrical multifocal lesions involving the cortex and subcortex in the bilateral brain hemispheres, and contrast enhanced in T2-weighted images. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination showed results of 45 WBC, 10 polynuclear lymphocyte, and 88 monocyte cells/mm3. RESULTS: As patient was diagnosed with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, she was prescribed intravenous steroid pulse therapy with methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solu-medrol(R), Pharmacia, U.S.A), and immunoglobulin (Liv gamma(R), Green Cross, Korea). Seven days of steroid therapy was followed by tapering with oral steroid. Uncorrected vision was 0.9 in the right eye and 0.9 in the left. RAPD was resolved in both eyes. Visual evoked potentials showed both eyes being normal.
Brain ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated* ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Lymphocytes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate ; Monocytes ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Ophthalmology ; Optic Neuritis* ; Reflex

Accelerated acute rejection(AAR) is a rare condition and has a poor prognosis in graft survival following renal transplantation. To elucidate its characteristics, we analysed 14 cases(5.0%) of AAR among 279 renal transplantation. AAR is defined as a condition in which immediate postoperative urine output is good followed by decreased urine output and increase of serum creatinine level within 7 days after transplantation. The incidence of AAR was more prevalent in cadaveric donors than living donors. One year graft survival was inferior in AAR, namely 8 out 14 cases(57%), than that of the patients without AAR(95.1%). Among the factors affecting graft survival in AAR, age and sex of both donor and recipient, donor condition such as living or cadaveric donor, and preoperative HLA matching had no relevance to a graft survival. Time of onset of AAR has no effect on graft survival either. Postoperative donor lymphocytotoxic test showed positive result in one out of 3 patient despite of all negative findings in the preoperative crossmatching test. Histologic finding such as vasculitis on renal biopsy was related to graft survival. Response of treatment was 55% in initial solumedrol pulse therapy and 20% in secondary OKT3 treatment, with an overall effect of 57%. Rerejection developed in 4 out of 8 cases of graft survival group while all cases showed a good function at post operative two years. Graft survival following AAR remains low and AAR is one of the main cause of graft loss following renal transplantation. To illustrate its characteristics, more clinical analysis are required.
Allografts* ; Biopsy ; Cadaver ; Creatinine ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Transplantation ; Living Donors ; Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate ; Muromonab-CD3 ; Prognosis ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants ; Vasculitis