Enflurane* ; Metabolism* ; Methoxyflurane* ; Panax*

Various anesthetic agents have successfully used for patients undergoing surgery for pheochromocytoma removal. A review of the literature on the anenthetic marnagement of pheochromocytoma discloses no general agreement regarding choice of an anesthetic agent. It would appear that the selection of the anesthetic agent is not as important as the proper management of the patient Previously the anesthetic experience of a case of pheochromocythma removal managed under methoxyflurane anesthesis has been reported by us. Thereafter we have had another five eases of pheochromocytoma removal operation under general anesthesia, employing methoxyflmrane as a primary anesthetic, with relatively satisfactory results.
Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics ; Humans ; Methoxyflurane* ; Pheochromocytoma*

This experiment was attemptel to observe possible effects of ether, halothane and methoxyflurane on the blood sugar level of the rabbit, 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after start of anesthesia with ether halothane and methoxyflurane by a non-rebreathing system. Comparision was made between preanesthetic and postanesthetic levels of blood sugar and the following results were obtained. In the ether anesthesia group, the blood sugar level 15 minutes after anesthesia was increased and decreased gradualley a anesthesia was progressed. In the halothane group, the blood sugar level was increased 5 minutes after anesthesia, and then decreased more rapidly than in other groups. Blood sugar levels 60 minutes after anesthesia had returned to preanesthetic levels in all groups. As the above result shows, blood sugar levels were revealed to have a tendency to increase during induction of anesthesia, and then returned gradually to the preanesthetic level during maintenence of anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Blood Glucose* ; Ether ; Halothane ; Methoxyflurane

Methoxyflurane was used as the sole inhalational analgesic in the dressing of 76 burns performed on 10 patients. It was used in air by analgizer(method 1) or analgizer with mask(method 2), or used by the semiclosed circle absorber by Pentec vaporizer(Cyprane) in 100% oxygen with the concentration of mathoxyflurane set at 0.5%(method 3) or at 0.7%(method 4). Comparative study concerning the analgesic action gave the following results: 1. Methoxyflurane through on analgizer(method 1) produced poor to good annalgesic action in burned patients. 2. Analgizer with mask(method 2) produced better analgesic action than analgizer alone. 3. 0.5% setting(method 3) was similar to analgizer with mask(method 2). 4. 0.7% setting(method 4) was produced complete analgesia, amnesia and partial loss of consciousness.
Amnesia ; Analgesia ; Bandages* ; Burns* ; Humans ; Methoxyflurane* ; Oxygen ; Unconsciousness

In an attempt to observe possible effects of ether, halothane and methoxyflurane anesthesia on the protein contents of tracheobronchial washings in rabbits, the animals were subjected to moderate afiestbesia with ether, halotbane and methoxyflurane by a non- rebreathing system for one hour. A comparison was made of the protein contents of tracheobronchial washings and the ,results are summarized as follows; 1) The average protein contents of tracheobronchial washings of normal rabbits was 85. 8 +/-27. 44 umg/ml. 2) Increased protein contents of tracheobronchial washings were observed after ether, halothane and methoxyflurane anesthesia compared with the normal. It is concluded that inhalation anesthesia stimulates secreting glands of the tracheobronchial lumen.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Anesthetics* ; Animals ; Ether ; Halothane ; Methoxyflurane ; Rabbits*

The addictive effects by pancuronium on relaxation response to ether, methoxyflurane. halothane, trilene and enfluranc were investigated in the isolated rat intestine preparation. The following results were obtained. 1) Ether in doses of 0.03cc/30ml, 0.1cc/30ml and 0.3cc/30ml produced dose dependent relaxation. 2) Methoxyflurane, halothane, trilene and enflurane in doses of 0.03 cc/30ml, 0.1/30ml and 0.3 cc/30ml did not produce dose dependent relaxation. 3) In the presence of pancuronium in doses of 1 mug/ml and 3mug/ml, ether produced marked dose dependent relaxation respectively in comparison with ether administration alone. 4) In the presence of pancuronium in doses of 1 mug/ml and 3 mug/ml, methoxyflurane, halothane, trilene and enflurane did not produce dose dependent relaxation respectively.
Anesthetics, General* ; Animals ; Enflurane ; Ether ; Halothane ; Intestines* ; Methoxyflurane ; Pancuronium* ; Rats* ; Relaxation ; Trichloroethylene

Ginseng has been believed to be a powerful tonic by oriental people for a long time and is one of the most popular folk medicine in oriental countries. Intraperitoneal injection of ginseng into rats and mice has been reported to Increase the rates of hepatic RNA and protein synthesis, increase proliforation of rough RES of liver, and enhance alcohol metabolism. We have carried out a study to see the effects of red ginseng powder and extract on in vivo and in vitro metabolism of enflurane and methoxyflurane in male Fisher 344 rats. Red ginseng powder was dissolved in deionized water and dosed for two weeks ad libitum in rats. Hepatic microsomes were prepared and oxidative defluorination of enflurane and methoxyflurane were measured in vitro. Using red ginseng extract, studies were done of both acute and chronic treatment in rats. In chronic experiments, they were dosed with several dosages three times a day for three days; on the fourth day enflurane was administered i.p. and one hour later fluoride levels were mesured in plasma and hepatic microsomes were prepared for in vitro studies as above. In the acute experiment enflurane was administered intraperitoneally eighteen hours after single oral dosage of ginseng and plasma defluorination was measured. There were no statistically significant differences in hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 content or defluorination of enflurane and methoxyflurane between control and experimental groups using either red ginseng extract or powder. The results showed that ginseng ingestion did not affect the metabolism of enflurane and methoxyflurane.
Animal ; Enflurane/metabolism* ; Male ; Methoxyflurane/metabolism* ; Panax/metabolism* ; Plants, Medicinal* ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344

In order to investigate the effects of methoxyflurane on reneal functions, small dose of methoxyflurane was administered intravenously ot rabbits without anesthesia, or directly injected into the renal artery of the rabbits under urethane anesthesia and the following results were obtained. 1) 5ml/kg of 0.5% saturated solution of methoxyflurane administered intravenously over 10 minutes did not influence the excretion of urine, creatinine, elecrolyte or osmolarity. 2) 1ml/kg of the solution injected directly into the renal artery over 10 minutes markedly reduced urine volume. 3) Reduced urine volume was closely related to decreased renal blood flow by direct administeration of methoxyflurane into the renal artery. 4) From the above results, it is suggested that methoxyflurane has a direct effect on renal functions by hemodynamic change in the renal circulation.
Anesthesia ; Creatinine ; Hemodynamics ; Methoxyflurane* ; Osmolar Concentration ; Rabbits* ; Renal Artery ; Renal Circulation ; Urethane

It is a fallacy on the part of the anesthesiologist and surgeon to think that the same principles of anesthesia and surgery apply in the younger patient as in the aged who have a multiplicity of preoperative pathologic and physiologic states which may affect them during surgery and postoperatively and which must be considered in their preoperative preparation. Changes of importance are related to diminished cardiac, pulmonary, renal and hepatic reserves. With this steady increase of candidates for geriatric anesthesia, it is necessary that periodic reviews be presented so that the problems associated with the management of this enlarging group of patients may be elucidated. In this paper presented 1, 208 cases of geriatric anesthesia during 1964~1973 (10 years) at St. Mary's hospital and were analysed. Results were as follows; 1. Number of the total operative cases were 24, 970, among them over 60 years of age were 1,208 cases. Incidence was 4.9%. 2. Among the 1,208 cases, 967 cases were over 60~69 years of age (80%), 210 cases were over 70~79 years of age (17.4%) and 31 cases were over 80 years of age (2.6%). 3. Emergency versus elective surgical cases re 29.1% versus 78.9% 4. Among the 1,208 cases, 726 cases were general surgery(60.1%), each of 138 cases were orthopedics and urological ones(11.4%). 5. Inhalation anesthesia was performed 1,127 cases(90.4%) and spinal anesthesia was 29 cases(2.3%). 6. Halothane and methoxyflurane anesthesia were markedly increased after 1970 instead of diethyl ether anesthesia. 7. ECG was checked 42.2% of the cases preoperatively. 8. Post-anesthetic related death was not evaluated because of the insufficient record.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Ether ; Halothane ; Humans ; Incidence ; Methoxyflurane ; Orthopedics

To evaluate the historical trend of anesthetic experience for the past 22 years a total of 68,473 cases which were performed at the National Medical Center from 1959 to 1981 were studied. To simplify the analysis statistically, the author selected the anesthetic cases every other year(12 years). 1) General anesthesia was performed in more than 78% of the total cases and of this number endotracheal intubation has been used with increasing frequency(average 92.8%). 2) For intravenous induction, thiopental sodium was used as the main agent, in more than 90% since 1980. 3) Trichlorethylene, cyclopropane and ethylchloride which had been used since 1961, were abandoned from 1978 except for training purposes. Methoxyflurane was used from 1973 to 1979, but given up there after because of it's nephrotoxicity. The use of halothane has steadily increased(86% of the total inhalation anesthetics) and ethrane has also been used with increasing frequency since 1980. 4) Pancuronium has been used as a primary muscle relaxant instead of gallamine and D-tubocurarine which had been used as the main durgs from 1959 till 1979. 5) Innovar and morphine as intravenous anesthetics, have recently been with increasing grequency.
Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Enflurane ; Gallamine Triethiodide ; Halothane ; Inhalation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Methoxyflurane ; Morphine ; Pancuronium ; Thiopental ; Tubocurarine