Enflurane* ; Metabolism* ; Methoxyflurane* ; Panax*

Various anesthetic agents have successfully used for patients undergoing surgery for pheochromocytoma removal. A review of the literature on the anenthetic marnagement of pheochromocytoma discloses no general agreement regarding choice of an anesthetic agent. It would appear that the selection of the anesthetic agent is not as important as the proper management of the patient Previously the anesthetic experience of a case of pheochromocythma removal managed under methoxyflurane anesthesis has been reported by us. Thereafter we have had another five eases of pheochromocytoma removal operation under general anesthesia, employing methoxyflmrane as a primary anesthetic, with relatively satisfactory results.
Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics ; Humans ; Methoxyflurane* ; Pheochromocytoma*

This experiment was attemptel to observe possible effects of ether, halothane and methoxyflurane on the blood sugar level of the rabbit, 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after start of anesthesia with ether halothane and methoxyflurane by a non-rebreathing system. Comparision was made between preanesthetic and postanesthetic levels of blood sugar and the following results were obtained. In the ether anesthesia group, the blood sugar level 15 minutes after anesthesia was increased and decreased gradualley a anesthesia was progressed. In the halothane group, the blood sugar level was increased 5 minutes after anesthesia, and then decreased more rapidly than in other groups. Blood sugar levels 60 minutes after anesthesia had returned to preanesthetic levels in all groups. As the above result shows, blood sugar levels were revealed to have a tendency to increase during induction of anesthesia, and then returned gradually to the preanesthetic level during maintenence of anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Blood Glucose* ; Ether ; Halothane ; Methoxyflurane

In an attempt to observe possible effects of ether, halothane and methoxyflurane anesthesia on the protein contents of tracheobronchial washings in rabbits, the animals were subjected to moderate afiestbesia with ether, halotbane and methoxyflurane by a non- rebreathing system for one hour. A comparison was made of the protein contents of tracheobronchial washings and the ,results are summarized as follows; 1) The average protein contents of tracheobronchial washings of normal rabbits was 85. 8 +/-27. 44 umg/ml. 2) Increased protein contents of tracheobronchial washings were observed after ether, halothane and methoxyflurane anesthesia compared with the normal. It is concluded that inhalation anesthesia stimulates secreting glands of the tracheobronchial lumen.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Anesthetics* ; Animals ; Ether ; Halothane ; Methoxyflurane ; Rabbits*

Methoxyflurane was used as the sole inhalational analgesic in the dressing of 76 burns performed on 10 patients. It was used in air by analgizer(method 1) or analgizer with mask(method 2), or used by the semiclosed circle absorber by Pentec vaporizer(Cyprane) in 100% oxygen with the concentration of mathoxyflurane set at 0.5%(method 3) or at 0.7%(method 4). Comparative study concerning the analgesic action gave the following results: 1. Methoxyflurane through on analgizer(method 1) produced poor to good annalgesic action in burned patients. 2. Analgizer with mask(method 2) produced better analgesic action than analgizer alone. 3. 0.5% setting(method 3) was similar to analgizer with mask(method 2). 4. 0.7% setting(method 4) was produced complete analgesia, amnesia and partial loss of consciousness.
Amnesia ; Analgesia ; Bandages* ; Burns* ; Humans ; Methoxyflurane* ; Oxygen ; Unconsciousness

In order to investigate the effects of methoxyflurane on reneal functions, small dose of methoxyflurane was administered intravenously ot rabbits without anesthesia, or directly injected into the renal artery of the rabbits under urethane anesthesia and the following results were obtained. 1) 5ml/kg of 0.5% saturated solution of methoxyflurane administered intravenously over 10 minutes did not influence the excretion of urine, creatinine, elecrolyte or osmolarity. 2) 1ml/kg of the solution injected directly into the renal artery over 10 minutes markedly reduced urine volume. 3) Reduced urine volume was closely related to decreased renal blood flow by direct administeration of methoxyflurane into the renal artery. 4) From the above results, it is suggested that methoxyflurane has a direct effect on renal functions by hemodynamic change in the renal circulation.
Anesthesia ; Creatinine ; Hemodynamics ; Methoxyflurane* ; Osmolar Concentration ; Rabbits* ; Renal Artery ; Renal Circulation ; Urethane

Since Methoxyflurane, as a new potent, non-explosive, volatileanesthetic agent, was first studied by Van Poznak and Artusio in 1960, was administered to one hundred surgical patients. The following are the results of clinical observation. 1) Methoxyflurane is easily administered with a relatively simple vaporizer such as Heidbrink No.8 ether vaporizer in semi-closed system. 2) Anesthetic concentration is easily controlled with experience so that deep anesthesia can be avoided. 3) Excellent muscle relaxation is produced at intermediate levels of anesthesia without producing apnea. 4) Methoxyflurane is not irrttant to respiratory tract, not producing respiratory secretion. So that achoice of agent in respiratory disease. 5) Analgesia extends into the recovery phase, minimizing the need for narcotics in the immediate postopoerative period. 6) Induction and recovery from anesthesia is relatively prolonged. However, nausea, vomiting or delirium is less frequent than after ether anesthesia.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Apnea ; Delirium ; Ether ; Humans ; Methoxyflurane* ; Muscle Relaxation ; Narcotics ; Nausea ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Respiratory System ; Vomiting

It is a fallacy on the part of the anesthesiologist and surgeon to think that the same principles of anesthesia and surgery apply in the younger patient as in the aged who have a multiplicity of preoperative pathologic and physiologic states which may affect them during surgery and postoperatively and which must be considered in their preoperative preparation. Changes of importance are related to diminished cardiac, pulmonary, renal and hepatic reserves. With this steady increase of candidates for geriatric anesthesia, it is necessary that periodic reviews be presented so that the problems associated with the management of this enlarging group of patients may be elucidated. In this paper presented 1, 208 cases of geriatric anesthesia during 1964~1973 (10 years) at St. Mary's hospital and were analysed. Results were as follows; 1. Number of the total operative cases were 24, 970, among them over 60 years of age were 1,208 cases. Incidence was 4.9%. 2. Among the 1,208 cases, 967 cases were over 60~69 years of age (80%), 210 cases were over 70~79 years of age (17.4%) and 31 cases were over 80 years of age (2.6%). 3. Emergency versus elective surgical cases re 29.1% versus 78.9% 4. Among the 1,208 cases, 726 cases were general surgery(60.1%), each of 138 cases were orthopedics and urological ones(11.4%). 5. Inhalation anesthesia was performed 1,127 cases(90.4%) and spinal anesthesia was 29 cases(2.3%). 6. Halothane and methoxyflurane anesthesia were markedly increased after 1970 instead of diethyl ether anesthesia. 7. ECG was checked 42.2% of the cases preoperatively. 8. Post-anesthetic related death was not evaluated because of the insufficient record.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Ether ; Halothane ; Humans ; Incidence ; Methoxyflurane ; Orthopedics

Conflicting results have been reported regarding the effects of ether anesthesia on the surfactant system of the lung, and little has been known on the effects of methoxyflurane anesthesia on the activity of the pulmonary surfactant. In the present study, an effort was made to observe and clarify possible effects of ether and methoxyflurane anesthesia on the activity of surfactant of the rabbit lung extracts, subjecting the rabbit to the light or deep anesthesia with the anesthetics by the non-rebreathing system. Tension-area (T-A) diagram of the lung extract was recorded automatically by a modified Langmuir-Wilhelmy balance with a synchronized recording system. The arterial blood pressure and heart rate during the entire stages of anesthesia were also recorded. The surface tension of the lung extracts, arterial blood pressure and heart rate thus obtained were compared with those of the non-anesthetized control group, and the results are summarized as follows: 1, The maximal surface tension, minimal surface tension, width of the T-A diagram at the surface area of 40% and stability index of the control group were 35.15+/-4.49 dynes/cm, 12.40+/-2.73 dynes/cm, 18.15+/-4.0 dynes/cm and 0.96+/-0.23, respectively.2. No significant difference was observed in the activity of surfactant of the lung extract prepared from the rabbit anesthetized with ether or methoxyflurane throughout the entire experiment. 3. In the ether anesthesia group, arterial blood pressure decreased gradually from the control value of 102.38+/-10.99 mmHg as the anesthesia deepened. The heart rate was slightly elevated in light stages of ether anesthesia from the control value of 284.95+/-35.91/min, but 120 min after deep anesthesia the heart rate returned to the control value. 4. Anesthesia with methoxyflurane produced a significantly decreased arterial blood pressure from the beginning and throughout the entire anesthesia stage. The heart rate did not change significantly througbout the entire anesthesia compripg with the control. 5. The above results suggest that the inhalation anesthesia with ether or methoxyflurane do not produce any significant change in the activity of pulmonary surfactant.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Anesthetics ; Arterial Pressure ; Ether* ; Heart Rate ; Lung ; Methoxyflurane* ; Pulmonary Surfactants* ; Rabbits* ; Surface Tension

The relationship between the Leydig cell of testis and the tropic hormones of the anterior pituitary gland has been inadequately explored in man because of methodological difficulties. A report has appeared on the effect of anesthesia per se on sex hormone levels in human serum. As testosterone is one of the most important anabolic hormones, it would therefore serve as an index to hormonal response to stress in man. Tcsticular blood level of testcsterone in man was increased by ether anesthesia but plasma testcsterone one in man was decreased by halothane anesthesia. Plasma testostercne levels were measured by others. by a competitive protein binding method. This study was performed to investigate the effect of methoxyflurane anesthesia and surgery on human sex hormone by a radioimmunoassay method. Serum testosterone levels measured in the pre-anesthetic period, (60 minutes after anesthesia and surgery, and at full recovery from. anesthesia were 3.80+/-1. 75 ng/ml, 0. 58+/-1. 22 ng/ml and 3. 55+/-1. 85 ng/ml, respectively. No statistical significance was observed. The obtained value of testostercne was the lowest when compared with the values reported by others.
Anesthesia* ; Ether ; Halothane ; Humans ; Methods ; Methoxyflurane* ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior ; Plasma ; Protein Binding ; Radioimmunoassay ; Testis ; Testosterone*