In propranolol (1. 0mg) pretreated men atropine (0.5mg), ephedrine (20mg) and aramine (2mg) were administered respectively by intravenous route under the ether anesthesia. The results were as follows. 1) Five minutes after intravenous administration of propranolol, the three groups showed decrease of pulse rates, 9, 6 and 8 per minutes respectively, but blood pressure changes were not observed. 2) After intravenous administration of atropine (0.5mg) the decreased pulse rates were increased and blood pressure was elevated. 3) After intravenous administration of ephedrine(20mg) the decreased pulse rates were decreased and lowered blood pressure was lowered further. 4) After intravenous administration of aramine(2.0mg) the lowered blood pressure was elevated, but pulse rate changes were not observed. 5) Circulatory depression due to ether anesthesia after propranolol pretreatment, was corrected by treatment with atropine and aramine, but was not corrected by ephedrine.
Administration, Intravenous ; Anesthesia* ; Atropine ; Blood Pressure* ; Depression ; Ephedrine ; Ether* ; Heart Rate* ; Humans ; Male ; Metaraminol ; Propranolol*

To combat the cardiovascular depression in blood pressure and palserate induced by halothane anesthesia in healthy persons after administration of propranolol(1.0mg) by the intravenous route, atropnie sulfate(0.5mg), ephedrine Hcl(20mg) and aramine(1.0mg) were administered respectively i.v. The results were as follows: 1) After i.v. administration of atropine sulfate, systolic blood pressure was elevated by 15 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure was elevated by 13mmHg, and pulse rate was increased by 24 per minute. 2) After i.v. administration of ephedrine, systolic blood pressure was elevated by 27 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure was elevated by 17mmHg, but significant pulse rate change was not observed. 3) After i.v. administration of aramine, systolic blood pressure was elevated by 29mmHg, diastolic blood pressure was elevated by 19mmHg, but pulse rate was decreased by 8 per minute. 4) As shown in the above results, in the cardiovascular depression due to halothane anesthesia after propranolol intravenous administration, blood pressure and pulse rated were corrected by treatment with atropine sulfate. Ephedrine and aramine effected elevation of the blood pressure, but not the pulse rate.
Administration, Intravenous ; Anesthesia* ; Atropine ; Blood Pressure* ; Depression ; Ephedrine ; Halothane* ; Heart Rate* ; Humans ; Metaraminol ; Propranolol*

In order to observe the effect on cardiovascular depression due to ether, halothane or penthrane anesthesia with pretreatment of propranolol (1mg) , change in the blood pressure and pulse rate were measured after intravenous administration of atropine(0.5mg), ephedrine(20mg) or aramine(2mg) to healthy volunteers. The results were as follos, 1) In conscious patients, intravenous administration of propranolol(1mg) caused a statistically significant decrease in pulse rate but no significant change in the blood pressure. 2) The atropine group showed that blood pressure increased by 33/23(p<0.01), 15/13(p<0.01) and 3/4(NS) mmHg, and pulse rate also increased by 20(p<0.01), 24(p<0.05), 11(p<0.05) per min. respectively during ether, halothane and penthrane anesthesia. 3) The ephedrine group showed that blood pressure decreased by 5/0(NS) during ether anesthesia, and increased by 27/17(p<0.01) and 30/15(p<0.01) mmHg during halothane and penthrane anesthesia respectively. Pulse rate decreased by 7(p<0.05) per min. during ether anesthesia but showed no significant change during halothane and Penthrane anesthesia. 4) The aramine group showed that blood pressure increased by 70/34(p<0.01), 29/19(p<0.01) and 28/19Ip<0.001) mmHg during ether, halothane and Penthrane anesthesia respectively. Pulse rate increased by 7(NS) per min. during ether anesthesia and decreased by 8(p<0.05) per min. during halothane and Penthrane anesthesia respectively. 5) The above results have shown that atropine caused effective correction of the cardiovascular depression induced by ether, halothane and Penthrane anesthesia with pretreatment of propranolol. Ephedrine showed futher depression and aramine effected elevation of the blood pressure.
Administration, Intravenous ; Anesthesia* ; Atropine ; Blood Pressure ; Depression ; Ephedrine ; Ether* ; Halothane* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Rate* ; Humans ; Metaraminol ; Methoxyflurane* ; Propranolol*

BACKGROUNDVasoactive drugs are often necessary for reversing hypotension in patients with severe infection. The standard for evaluating effects of vasoactive drugs should not only be based on the increase of arterial blood pressure, but also on the blood flow perfusion of internal organs. The effects of dopamine and metaraminol on the renal function of the patients with septic shock were investigated retrospectively in this study.

METHODSNinety-eight patients with septic shock were divided into three groups according to the highest infusing rate of metaraminol, with the lightest infusing rate of (0.1 - 0.5, 0.6 - 1.0, > 1.0) microgxkg(-1)xmin(-1) in group A, B and C respectively. Urine output, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), urine output, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), urine albumin (U-ALB), urine beta(2)-microglubulin (Ubeta(2)-MG) and Apache III scores were recorded.

RESULTSBefore antishock therapy, hypotension, tachycardia and oliguria occurred to all the 98 patients with septic shock and CRE, BUN, U-ALB, Ubeta(2)-MG and Apache III scoring were abnormal in most cases. With the antishock therapy, MAP, HR, urine output, BUN and CRE in all patients returned gradually to normal (P < 0.05 or < 0.01 compared to those before antishock therapy). U-ALB, Ubeta(2)-MG output and Apache III scoring also reverted but remained abnormal (P < 0.01 compared to those before antishock therapy). No statistically significant differences in the changes of these indices with the time existed among the three groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDopamine and metaraminol when applied to the patients with septic shock could effectively maintain the circulatory stability and promote restoration of renal function.

APACHE ; Adult ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Dopamine ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Metaraminol ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock, Septic ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Vasoconstrictor Agents ; therapeutic use ; beta 2-Microglobulin ; urine