Vessel identification and dissection are the key processes of laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision (CME). Vascular injury will lead to complications such as prolonged operative time, intraoperative hemorrhage and ischemia of anastomotic stoma. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA), superior mesenteric vein(SMV), gastrointestinal trunk, left colic artery(LCA), sigmoid artery and marginal vessels in the mesentery have been found with possibility of heteromorphosis, which requires better operative techniques. Surgeons should recognize those vessel heteromorphosis carefully during operations and adjust strategies to avoid intraoperative hemorrhage. Preoperative abdominal computed tomography angiography(CTA) with three-dimensional reconstruction can find vessel heteromorphosis within surgical area before operation. Adequate dissection of veins instead of violent separation will decrease intraoperative bleeding and be helpful for dealing with the potential hemorrhage. When intraoperative hemorrhage occurs, surgeons need to control the bleeding by simple compression or vascular clips depending on the different situations. When the bleeding can not be stopped by laparoscopic operation, surgeons should turn to open surgery without hesitation.
Colonic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Dissection ; Hemorrhage ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Mesenteric Artery, Inferior ; Mesenteric Veins ; Mesocolon ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo improve the operative procedure of the left renal vein nutcracker syndrome.

METHODSTwo patients underwent transposition of the left renal vein in the treatment of the left renal vein nutcracker syndrome.

RESULTRenal ischemia, due to clamping of the renal artery, lasted 14 minutes and 13 minutes, respectively. The gross hematuria disappeared 1 day and 4 days respectively after surgery, and microhematuria ceased spontaneously 5 days and 7 days respectively after surgery. Transposition of the left renal vein effectively relieved the symptoms related to the left renal vein nutcracker syndrome. The patients had no recurrence of symptoms following up during 3 months.

CONCLUSIONTransposition of the left renal vein is a safe and effective surgical approach in the treatment of the left renal vein nutcracker syndrome.

Adult ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Hematuria ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; abnormalities ; Renal Veins ; surgery ; Syndrome

Objective: Due to its various anatomical variations and numerous branches, the gastrocolic vein trunk (Henle trunk) is the most common site to develop bleeding and other complications in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for colon cancer. This study aims to investigate the role of ileocolic vein (ICV) joining with Henle trunk, a rare anatomical variation. Methods: A rare case whose ICV was newly found to involve in the formation of Henle trunk during laparoscopic resection of right hemicolon cancer was reported as right gastroepiploic vein+ right colic vein+superior right colic vein+ICV. This anatomical variation was confirmed by multi-slice spiral CT coronal two-dimensional reconstruction of right hemicolon angiography. The literatures about ICV participating in formation of Henle trunk were systematically searched from PubMed, The Cochran Library, CNKI net and Wanfang database, and the occurrence probability and composition of its anatomical variation were analyzed. Results: This was a 47-year-old female patient who underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. When the vessels were dissected during operation, it was found that ICV did not accompany the ileocolic artery, but directly flowed into Henle trunk. Two-dimensional reconstructed CT images of right hemicolon vessels showed that the composition of Henle trunk was rarely varied, which was composed of right gastroepiploic vein, right colonic vein, superior right colonic vein and ICV. Five literatures were enrolled from literature retrieval. A total of 12 cases with ICV participating in the construction of Henle trunk were reported, with a probability of 0.27%-6.31% and 6 forms of the formation of Henle trunk. In this case, Henle trunk was made up of right gastroepiploic vein, right colonic vein, upper right colonic vein and ICV, which was reported for the first time. Conclusions: ICV involving in Henle trunk is a rare vascular variation, and this type of variation should be fully recognized. Careful dissection during operation is necessary to prevent intraoperative bleeding caused by improper operation.
Anatomic Variation ; Colectomy ; Colonic Neoplasms/surgery* ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Mesenteric Veins ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVEA retrospective study was undertaken to examine therapeutic strategies used in 6 patients with left renal venal nutcracker phenomenon.

METHODSThree patients underwent surgical transposition of the superior mesenteric artery. Three patients underwent endograft stent implantations with intervention.

RESULTSAll 6 cases were completely relieved of left renal vein compression after the operations, leading to improved clinical symptoms and normal urine tests.

CONCLUSIONSTransposition of the superior mesenteric artery is a feasible method, but leads to complications and great trauma. Treating left renal venal nutcracker phenomenon with endografting techniques is minimally invasive in certain cases, and seems to have a prospective future.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Constriction, Pathologic ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; surgery ; Renal Veins ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Syndrome

PURPOSE: Our aim to assess clinical significance of the relation between inferior mesenteric vein ligation and collateral blood supply (meandering mesenteric artery) to the splenic flexure with elaboration more in anatomical landmarks and technical tips. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We review the literature regarding the significance of the collateral vessels around inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) root and provide our prospective operative findings, anatomical landmarks and technical tips. We analyzed the incidence and pattern of anatomic variation of collateral vessels around the IMV. RESULTS: A total of 30 consecutive patients have been prospectively observed in a period between June 25-2012 and September 7-2012. Nineteen males and eleven females with mean age of 63 years. Major colorectal procedures were included. There were three anatomical types proposed, based on the relation between IMV and the collateral vessel. Type A and B in which either the collateral vessel crosses or runs close to the IMV with incidence of 43.3% and 13.3%, respectively, whereas type C is present in 43.3%. There was no definitive relation between the artery and vein. No intra or postoperative ischemic events were reported. CONCLUSION: During IMV ligation, inadvertent ligation of Arc of Riolan or meandering mesenteric artery around the IMV root "in type A&B" might result in compromised blood supply to the left colon, congestion, ischemia and different level of colitis or anastomotic dehiscence. Therefore, careful dissection and skeletonization at the IMV root "before ligation if necessary" is mandatory to preserve the collateral vessel for the watershed area and to avoid further injury.
Duodenum/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Humans ; Ligation/*methods ; Male ; Mesenteric Veins/*surgery ; Middle Aged ; Pancreas/anatomy & histology ; Prospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo retrospectively compare combined endovascular intervension with traditional bypass operation for the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS).

METHODSFrom July 1989 to June 2001, 49 patients undergoing surgery for BCS were studied. 32 operations were performed by traditional bypass (from superior mesenteric vein or inferior vena cava to right auricle), and 17 by combined endovascular operation.

RESULTSThe data demonstrated a high incidence of perioperative complications, longer hospital stay, and expensive cost in the former group than in the latter group (P < 0.01). The mid-term effects were significantly better in the latter than in the former (P < 0.05). Severe complications occurred in the bypass group included hepatoencephalopathy, obtinacy ascites, cardiac dysfunction, and embolization of vascular grafts.

CONCLUSIONSCombined endovascular intervention and shunting are the treatment of choice for BCS, with different combination according to its clinical type. This approach is simple, safe, effective, and economic.

Adult ; Budd-Chiari Syndrome ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Mesenteric Veins ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Vena Cava, Inferior ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical and pathologic features of ischemic intestinal disease due to mesenteric phlebitis.

METHODThe clinical and pathologic features of the mesenteric venous lesions in 3 patients of ischemic intestinal disease admitted during the period from 2003 to 2004 were studied.

RESULTSAll 3 patients had a clinical history of acute abdominal pain accompanying with a diffuse peritonitis. During operation, an infarcted intestinal segment was identified and was resected respectively in each patient. Histologic examination showed a lymphocytic infiltration and fibrinoid necrosis of the small to medium-sized veins, associated with mural thrombosis and infarction of the corresponding intestinal wall and mesentery. The mesenteric arteries were spared. Two-year follow up of one case showed no evidence of local recurrence or systemic vasculitis.

CONCLUSIONSIschemic intestinal disease due to mesenteric phlebitis is a rare entity with a pathological feature of inflammation of venous wall accompanying with the development of mural thrombosis and subsequent haemorrhagic infarction of intestine. The etiology is unknown and surgical resection of the involved intestinal segment is usually recommended.

Adult ; Aged ; Colitis, Ischemic ; etiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases ; etiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Intestine, Small ; blood supply ; pathology ; surgery ; Ischemia ; complications ; Male ; Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion ; complications ; Mesenteric Veins ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Phlebitis ; complications

OBJECTIVETo investigate the technique of radical pancreaticoduodenectomy for malignant tumor in pancreatic head with pressed superior mesenteric blood vessel or portal vein.

METHODSFrom March 2005 to March 2007, thin slice scan and vessel-reconstruction of 56 patients of malignant tumor in pancreatic head with pressed superior mesenteric blood vessels or portal vein were carried out using multidetector spiral CT to evaluate whether peripheral vessels of pancreatic tumor were invaded and whether the tumor was resectable. During the operation, 3 vascular blocking bands for superior mesenteric vein, portal vein and spleen vein or 4 vascular blocking bands (additional one for inferior mesenteric vein) were preset. Under the cross and traction between superior mesenteric vein and superior mesenteric artery, resected the uncinate process of pancreas thoroughly. Using those methods, radical pancreaticoduodenectomy for 56 patients above-mentioned were successfully accomplished.

RESULTSThe accuracy for preoperative judging by using multidetector spiral CT whether the peripheral vessels of pancreatic cancer were invaded and whether the tumor was resectable was 98% and 100% separately. Thirty-seven of 56 patients, whose superior mesenteric blood vessels or portal veins were pressed by the tumor of pancreatic head, were operated using 3 vascular blocking bands and 2 patients using 4 vascular blocking bands, followed by suturing the bleeding points of the superior mesenteric vein with 5-0 vascular suture Proline. One patient's superior mesenteric vein was partially resected and restored. The operations cost 5-8 h each and the blood loss was 200-600 ml. There were no operative or postoperative hemorrhage or pancreatic juice leakage. According to the follow-up up to now, 2 patients died of multiple live tumor metastases 7 and 9 months separately after operation, the other 54 patients were still alive.

CONCLUSIONSThin slice scan and vessel-reconstruction using multidetector spiral CT can accurately judge whether the blood vessels near the pancreatic tumor were invaded and whether the tumor was resectable, using 3 vascular blocking bands or 4 vascular blocking bands and cross, traction of the superior mesenteric blood vessels, operator can easily accomplish the radical pancreaticoduodenectomy of malignant tumor in pancreatic head with pressed superior mesenteric blood vessels and portal vein, which was not resectable or need combined resection of the blood vessels in the traditional opinion.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; pathology ; surgery ; Mesenteric Veins ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Pancreas ; pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; methods ; Portal Vein ; pathology

The bowel transplantation team at the Catholic Medical Center, Korea, on April 9 2004, accomplished a case of isolated small bowel transplantation (SBT) in a 57 year-old female with short bowel syndrome. The primary surgery was a jejunocolostomy due to mesenteric vein thrombosis, while maintaining 30 cm of the jejunum and colon distal to the splenic flexure. Her renal function was partially unbalanced. During more than 2 years of home TPN, the superior vena cava (VC) and subclavian veins had become occluded, but the inferior VC line remained. SBT was planned due to the repeated life-threatening infections of the last central line. One hundred and fifty centimeter of the distal ileum of the 27 year-old living-related donor, the patient's daughter, was harvested. The graft mesenteric artery and vein were anastomosed to the recipient's inferior mesenteric vessels. A proximal end- to-end jejuno-ileostomy and a distal end-to-side ileo-colostomy of the graft were made, creating a Bishop-Koop enterostomy for graft surveillance. A tube jejunostomy, via a gastrostomy, was established for early feeding and simultaneous gastric drainage. Induction with Daclizumab and immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus and methylprednisolone, given intravenously, and then mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), enterally from day 3. The patient was discharged on day 42. A CMV infection on day 83 was successfully treated with 3 weeks of gancyclovir therapy. She has been nutritionally independent, with complete oral feeding, and free of rejection until day 170 after the transplantation.
Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Intestine, Small/*transplantation ; Korea ; *Living Donors ; Mesenteric Veins ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Care ; Short Bowel Syndrome/etiology/radiography/*surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Venous Thrombosis/complications

This report describes two non-cirrhotic patients with portal vein thrombosis who underwent successful balloon occlusion retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) of gastric varices with a satisfactory response and no complications. One patient was a 35-year-old female with a history of Crohn's disease, status post-total abdominal colectomy, and portal vein and mesenteric vein thrombosis. The other patient was a 51-year-old female with necrotizing pancreatitis, portal vein thrombosis, and gastric varices. The BRTO procedure was a useful treatment for gastric varices in non-cirrhotic patients with portal vein thrombosis in the presence of a gastrorenal shunt.
Adult ; Balloon Occlusion/*methods ; Crohn Disease/surgery ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices/*therapy ; Female ; Humans ; *Mesenteric Veins ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/complications ; *Portal Vein ; Venous Thrombosis/*complications