BACKGROUND: Estrogen deficiency accelerates loss of bone mass and changes lipid profile in the postmenopausal women, so that the osteoporosis and astherosclerosis were developed. But it has not enough studies including the premenopausal women. So we have investigated about the differences of body mass index(BMI), lipid profile and bone mineral density (BMD) with pre- and postmenopausal women. METHODS: We have evaluated 201 premenopausal women and 322 postmenopausal women out of total 651 who had visited Health Screening Center in the hospital of Eul-Ji Medical College from November, 1995 to July, 1996. RESULTS: The mean age of total subjects, premenopausal women, postmenopausal women were 51.9, 43.9, 56.8 years, respectively. The mean period after menopause was 8.1 years. Significant difference was seen in BMI, lipid profile and BMD according to age and menopause(P<0.01). BMI was related to lipid profile(P<0.01), but not to BMD(P>0.1). In postmenopausal women BMI, BMD and lipid profile were related to postmenopausal period (P<0.05). In viewing their correlations BMD had strong adverse correlations with factors such as age, menopause, and postmenopausal period. Lipid profile had weak positive correlations with factors such as age, menopause, BMI(P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The lipid profile are related to factors such as age, BMI, menopause, and postmenopausal period. The BMD is related to above factors except BMI. Prospective study is needed to evaluate the influence of estrogen on BMD and lipid metabolism. Thus, it helps to the prevention and treatment of the osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia in the postmenopausal women.
Bone Density* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Lipid Metabolism ; Mass Screening ; Menopause ; Osteoporosis ; Postmenopause

There are significant gender differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of psychotropic medications. Gender differences in pharmacokinetics such as drug absorption, bioavailability, drug distribution, drug metabolism, and elimination have clinical implications in terms of plasma levels, drug half-lives, side effects and toxicity. Women and men also show different pharmacodynamic response to a variety of drugs. Additionally female-specific issues such as pregnancy, menopause, oral contraceptive use and menstruation may also have profound effects on drug metabolism. These and other gender-related issues are considered in this article. Gender differences in drug metabolism have the potential to affect appropriate dosing, effectiveness and toxicity. Further research is needed to determine the scope and significance of these sex differences.
Absorption ; Biological Availability ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Menopause ; Menstruation ; Metabolism* ; Pharmacokinetics ; Plasma ; Pregnancy ; Sex Characteristics

BACKGROUND: Biochemical markers have been proposed as sensitive indicators of high bone turnover and for monitoring response to osteoporosis treatment. We conducted a retrospective study to investigate the pattern of biochemical markers of bone metabolism (urinary deoxypryridinoline(D PYD), serum osteocalcin) across menopausal transition in women. METHODS: We measured the urinary excretion of D PYD, serum osteocalcin and BMD in 44 premenopausal and age matched 44 postmenopausal women who visited a tertiary hospital from May 1, 1997 to July 31, 1997. Each values between premenopausal and postmenopausal women were anaysed with paired t-tests. Pearson's correlation coefficients were performed to assess the relationships between the three values. RESULTS: Urinary excretion of D-PYD in postmenopausal women (12.103+/-2.27 nM/mM creatinine) was higher than in premenopausal women (9.322+/-2.53 nM/mM creatinine) (P<0.05). Serum osteocalcin in postmenopausal women (12.8698+/-3.1 ng/ml) was higher than in premenopausal women (9.0949+/-2.7 ng/ml) (P<0.01). BMD in postmenopausal women (0.9979+/-0.1863 g/cm2) was lower than in postmenopausal women (1.1845+/-0.1591 g/cm2) (P<0.01). The serum osteocalcin level was positively correlated with D-PYD (r=0.547, p<0.01). Urine excretion of D-PYD was negatively correlated with BMD (r= 0.36, p<0.01). Serum osteocalcin was negatively correlated with BMD (r= 0.427, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Urinary D-PYD excretion and serum osteocalcin were increased, but BMD was decreased significantly in postmenopausal women. Urinary D-PYD, serum osteocalcin, and BMD were significantly correlated with each other in women.
Biomarkers ; Bone Density ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Metabolism ; Osteocalcin* ; Osteoporosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tertiary Care Centers

BACKGROUND: Leptin is known to affect bone metabolism both centrally and peripherally. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between leptin and bone mineral density(BMD) in healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal Korean women. METHODS: 140 women were recruited for a routine health check-up. Anthro-pometric and biochemical data were checked as usual. BMDs were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry of the spine and femur in 67 premenopausal women and 73 postmenopausal women, in addition to their serum leptin levels. RESULTS: Serum leptin level showed no correlation with BMD in premenopausal women, but there was a positive correlation betwen serum leptin and spinal BMD in postmenopausal women(r=0.468, p<0.001). After the correcting for age, body mass index, and duration of menopause, the serum leptin level and BMD still showed a positive correlation(r=0.217, p=0.088) although weak. The women in the lowest quartile of serum leptin level showed significantly lower lumbar and femoral neck BMD. CONCLUSION: Leptin level seems to have a weak relationship with BMD showing different features in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density* ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Leptin* ; Menopause ; Metabolism ; Spine

OBJECTIVES: Menopause is associated with adverse metabolic changes in plasma lipoprotein and inflammation markers. Estrogens have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and inflammation. Isoflavones (ISO) have structurally similar to estradiol. Our objective was analize the effect of soy-ISO on serum lipid and inflammatory markers (sP-selectin and sCD40L) in postmenopausal women. METHODS: A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention with soy-ISO (50 mg, twice daily) was conducted in 35 healthy postmenopausal women (55–72 years old). The women were divided in 2 groups: 20 were allocated to soy-ISO, and 15 to a placebo group. RESULTS: The changes of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, Apo-A1, sP-selectin and sCD40L in 2 groups before and after 12-week treatment showed no statistical significance. In subgroup analysis, soy-ISO supplementation significantly decreased the levels of TC, LDL-C and sCD40L in women under 65 years old, and with null effects on serum lipid and inflammation markers in women over 65 years old. CONCLUSIONS: Soy-ISO did not significantly favorable effects on the lipid profile and inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women. However, in women under 65 years of age, soy-ISO significantly decreased the TC, LDL-C and sCD40L, whereas, no effects on lipid profile and inflammation markers in women over 65 years old were observed.
Cholesterol ; Dyslipidemias ; Estradiol ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Isoflavones ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipoproteins ; Menopause ; Plasma ; Postmenopause ; Triglycerides

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of menopausal specific fat distribution with metabolic risk factors.

METHODSTwo hundred Chinese women including 110 premenopausal women aged 39.7±9.2 y and 90 postmenopausal women aged 55.4±4.6 years were enrolled. Total and regional fat depots including android fat and gynoid fat were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The differences of regional fat depot between pre-and post menopausal women were compared by covariate analysis. The association of regional fat changes with metabolic risk factors were analyzed by logistic models.

RESULTSGynoid fat was significantly decreased in postmenopausal women after accounting for total fat changes. After adjusting covariates (including age, BMI, and %BF), the inverse associations of gynoid fat with metabolic risk factors still remained (OR=1.8-3.7,P<0.05). Furthermore, the interaction between menopause and gynoid fat was significantly in all logistic models (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAndroid fat was increased whereas gynoid fat was decreased after menopause. Opposite to the detrimental effects of android fat, gynoid fat was inversely associated with metabolic risk factors, especially in postmenopausal women.

Adipose Tissue ; metabolism ; Adult ; Body Fat Distribution ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It has been proposed that displaced particles arising from otoconial degeneration are the leading cause of idiopathic BPPV (iBPPV). Otoconial degeneration might be linked with skeletal decalcification due to both conditions being related to a disturbance in calcium metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of bone mineral density (BMD) measurement in women with iBPPV. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Fifty-four women with iBPPV underwent BMD test and the results were given as a T-score. We compared the T-scores of the patients with those of 173 healthy women by age and by the presence of menopause, and we also compared the T-scores by type of iBPPV among the premenopausal patients. RESULTS: In all age groups, the mean T-score was significantly lower in the patients group than in the control group (p<.001). Regardless of the presence of menopause, the mean T-score in the patients was significantly lower than that in the control group (p<.001). By type of iBPPV, there was no significant difference in the T-scores among the groups. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the values of BMD measurement in women with iBPPV were significantly lower than in the control group regardless of age or the presence of menopause. The results of this study suggest that iBPPV is linked with calcium metabolism. Future study will elucidate the utility of the therapy for disturbed calcium metabolism to decrease the recurrence of iBPPV.
Bone Density* ; Calcium ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Metabolism ; Otolithic Membrane ; Recurrence ; Vertigo*

The purpose of the present overview of meta-analysis is to summarize and critically assess the effect of isoflavones and genistein on glucose metabolism among the peri- and post-menopausal women. Two independent authors searched the databases of MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane Library for meta-analysis. Three databases were searched from inception to January 2018. Methodological quality of each meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was evaluated using the AMSTAR (a measurement tool used to assess systematic reviews). Four meta-analyses were included to the current overview. Fasting insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were significantly lower in peri-menopausal and postmenopausal. Two meta-analyses showed that treatment with isoflavones could not alter fasting blood glucose. However, one meta-analysis depicted that isoflavones significantly improved blood glucose levels in non-Asian postmenopausal women. Treatment with genistein could have significant beneficial effects on fasting insulin, blood glucose and HOMA-IR in comparison to the control group. Regardless of the population, the treatment with genistein is effective in improving fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and glucose levels. Nevertheless, the high heterogeneity among studies and poor methodology of reviews made it difficult to draw a definite conclusion on the positive impacts of soy on glucose metabolism.
Blood Glucose ; Fasting ; Female ; Genistein ; Glucose Metabolism Disorders ; Glucose ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulins ; Isoflavones ; Menopause ; Metabolism ; Population Characteristics

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effects and the serous estradiol change of patients with menopause syndrome using Xianling Gubao capsules for treatment.

METHOD110 patients with manopause syndrome who were diagnosized by clinic index were recruited for the study. They were divided into two groups randomly. The treatment group were dealed with Xianling Gubao capsules and the control group with placebo of starch capsules for 8 weeks. The menopausal Kupperman index was used to assess change in menopausal symptoms before and after treatment. At the same time, serous estradiol and the thickness of uterine endometrium was evaluated.

RESULTThe Kupperman index were improved apparently in treatment group after treatment (P < 0.01). The serous estradiol level of treatment group was increased apparently after treatment (P < 0.05). However, There were no statistical deference in the thickness of uterine endometrium in the treatment and the control group before and after treatment.

CONCLUSIONThe treatment using Xianling Gubao capsules for patients with menopause syndrome could improve the clinic symptoms, increase the serous estradiol level, but do not increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia.

Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Endometrium ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the course and menopause on the change of bone mineral density (BMD) in female patients with hyperthyroidism. METHODS: BMDs of hip and lumbar vertebrae were measured by dual-energy X-rays absorptiometry(DEXA) in the female patients (n=192, aged 14 approximately 72). Patients were divided into 2 groups (premenopausal and postmenopausal)and 2 subgroups(short-course and long-course). The BMDs were compared between those of age-matched, weight-matched, height-matched and body mass index matched control subgroups. RESULTS: In the premenopausal hyperthyroidic patients, only the BMDs of the second and total lumbar vertebrae with long-course were significantly lower than those of short-course group(P< 0.05). In the post-menopausal group with the long-course,each BMD measured had a lower level compared with that with short-course, of which the hip and the second lumber vertebrae were evident (P< 0.01). CONCLUSION The course and menopause have an effect on the BMDs in female patients with hyperthyroidism.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Density ; Female ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; metabolism ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Menopause ; metabolism ; Middle Aged