Healthy normal adult volunteers without endocrinological diseases, aged 18-45 and menopausal subjects (>45 years old of age) diagnosed definitly as osteoporosis, Results showed: blood level of calcitonin in healthy adults, male subjects with n=30, median 75, min.30, max 125pg/ml female subjects n=30, median 30, min 10, max 50pg/ml respectively. Calcitonin in male is higher than in female (p<0,05). In female subjects: menopausal patients with osteoporosis, calcitonin level is lower than normal woman in reproductive age (p<0,01). Thyroglobuline level in healthy adult is 13,58 4,2 ng/ml, with no cosiderable difference between male and female
Osteoporosis ; Menopause ; Blood ; Thyroglobulin ; Calcitonin

OBJECTIVETo find the objective indices for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pattern identification in women patients with climacteric hypertension (CH) by exploring the relationship between TCM pattern with blood levels of sex hormone, lipid and glucose.

METHODSTCM syndrome differentiation was made in 75 women CH patients, 43 as yin-deficiency with inner dryness pattern (YDD) and 32 as non-YDD, and correlation analyses were conducted on TCM patterns and blood levels of estradiol (E2), lipids and glucose.

RESULTSBesides the level of E2 in YDD was lower than that in non-YDD [(112.26 -/+ 66.81) pmol/L vs (146.69 +/- 83.59) pmol/L, P < 0.05), no difference between the two patterns was found in the other indices measured (P > 0.05). Further subunit analysis showed that in patients with CH grade 1, blood levels of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and apoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) were higher in the 13 patients of YDD than those in the 9 of non-TDD (P < 0.05); in patients with CH grade 2, levels of E2, progesterone (T), HDL and ApoA-I were lower but level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was higher in the 20 YDD than those in the 10 non-YDD (all P < 0.05); while in patients with CH grade, no statistically significant difference was shown between 3 patients of 10 with YDD and 13 with non-YDD in all the indices measured (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBlood level of E2 shows different characteristics between CH patients of YDD and non-YDD patterns, suggesting that it may provide some help to syndrome micro-differentiation, and taking it as an objective index for syndrome typing of climacteric hypertension in female is considerable.

Adult ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; blood ; Lipids ; blood ; Menopause ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Progesterone ; blood ; Yin Deficiency ; blood

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy considerably alters cardiovascular dynamics, and thereby affects the transition of blood pressure after delivery in women. We aimed to analyze the association between parity and blood pressure in Korean adult women. METHODS: We included 8,890 women who participated in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2010 and 2012. We divided the population according to the menopause status and analyzed the association between parity and blood pressure by using multiple regression analysis, and on hypertension, by using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly associated with parity in premenopausal women (beta=-0.091 [P<0.001] and beta=-0.069 [P<0.001], respectively). In the analysis that excluded women receiving antihypertensive medication, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of postmenopausal women were significantly associated with parity (beta=-0.059 [P=0.022] and beta=-0.054 [P=0.044], respectively). Parity was found to prevent hypertension after adjustment for confounders in postmenopausal women (odds ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.310-0.985). CONCLUSION: We found that parity prevented hypertension in Korean women.
Adult ; Blood Pressure* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Logistic Models ; Menopause ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Parity* ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of ultrasound stimulation at the acupoint Guanyuan (CV 4) on follicular development in menopausal rats.

METHODSMenopausal female SD rats were selected by vaginal smear examinations. The rats were subjected to ultrasound stimulation at the acupoint Guanyuan with the output power of 0.1 W, working frequency of 9 MHz, and focal length of 4.5-5 mm. Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect the serum estrogen levels of the menopausal rats. The changes in the ovarian tissue histology and the follicle number were observed.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, a 10-day ultrasound stimulation for 10 and 5 min daily at Guanyuan significantly increased the serum estrogen levels and the numbers of primary and secondary follicles (P<0.05) and reduced the number of atretic follicles in the menopausal rats (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONUltrasound stimulation at the acupoint Guanyuan can increase the estrogen secretion function and promote the development of follicles in menopausal rats.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Estrogens ; blood ; Female ; Menopause ; Ovarian Follicle ; growth & development ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sonication

It has been generally accepted that high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level decreases with menopause in women. However, recent reports show different results. There is very little data concerning perimenopausal women. To verify these findings, lipids and lipoprotein(a) +AFs-Lp(a)+AF0- levels were compared among pre-, peri- and postmenopausal women of similar mean ages. Postmenopausal women had higher HDL-C levels than premenopausal women (p+ADw-0.001) and there was no difference between peri- and postmenopausal women. LDL-C level in perimenopausal women was lower than in postmenopausal women (p+ADw-0.001) and higher than in premenopausal women with borderline significance (p+AD0-.051). Total cholesterol levels showed stepwise elevation from premenopause to postmenopause. Perimenopausal women had lower Lp(a) levels than postmenopausal women (p+ADw-0.0005) and similar levels to premenopausal women. Lp(a) levels between 0.1 to 10.0 mg/dL were the most prevalent in pre- and perimenopausal women, and those between 10.1 to 20.0 mg/dL in postmenopausal women. In conclusion, menopause itself is associated with the elevation of HDL-C level, and the postmenopausal increase of coronary artery disease is not related to postmenopausal change of HDL-C level. Perimenopausal status, although transient, may favor Lp(a) and lipid profiles for delaying atherosclerosis.
Apolipoproteins A/blood ; Arteriosclerosis/epidemiology ; Biological Markers ; Cholesterol/blood ; Comparative Study ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; FSH/blood ; Female ; Human ; Lipids/blood+ACo- ; Lipoprotein(a)/blood ; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol/blood+ACo- ; Menopause/blood+ACo- ; Middle Age ; Postmenopause/blood ; Premenopause/blood ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of health promotion program on physiological stress, perceived stress and menopausal symptoms in menopausal women. METHODS: This study followed a nonequivalent control group pretest-post test design. The subjects consisted of 57 middle-aged women(30 in the experimental group and 27 in the control group) who were recruited from the community health center in J city. The subjects in the experimental group participated in a health promotion program for 8 weeks, which was composed of yoga and teaching for 1 session per week. RESULTS: The health promotion program showed a statistical difference in blood pressure, pulse rate and perceived stress. However, there was not a statistical difference in serum cortisol, or menopausal symptoms. CONCLUSION: This health promotion program was partially effective for reducing stress and it was not effective for reducing menopausal symptoms in menopausal women. It is necessary to conduct a future study using a different time period, measurement time, and target population.
Blood Pressure ; Community Health Centers ; Female ; Health Promotion* ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Menopause ; Stress, Physiological ; Yoga

OBJECTIVES: Diabetes is a chronic disease which is common in menopause period. Performing self-care behaviors is effective method for control of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of counseling on self-care behaviors in menopause diabetes women in 2016 in Hamadan, Iran. METHODS: In this study, 80 menopausal women were randomly selected and allocated to the experimental and control groups (40 per group). Data collected by a questionnaire included of demographic information, self-care behaviors, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). In the experimental group, training program was run during four sessions in the form of weekly group consulting sessions. During this period, the control group only received routine cares. Three months after intervention (group consultation) self-care behaviors, FBS and HbA1c were compared between two groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software. RESULTS: The self-care score in the experimental group increased from 49.6 ± 12.2 before the intervention to 66.6 ± 9.3 after the intervention (P < 0.05). Also in the control group average of self-care score changed from 57.6 ± 11.5 to 62.0 ± 11.6 (P < 0.05). Three months after the group consultation, there was a significant difference between two groups in the dimensions of diet (P = 0.013), exercise (P = 0.009) and foot care (P < 0.001). In the experimental group, FBS decreased from 148.8 ± 62.4 mg/dL to 128.9 ± 46.3 mg/dL. Also, HbA1c changed from 7.2 ± 1.8 g/dL to 6.8 ± 1.6 g/dL three months after intervention (P = 0.058). No significant changes were observed in FBS and HbA1c in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that group counseling promoted self-care behaviors and metabolic indices in menopausal diabetic patients.
Blood Glucose ; Chronic Disease ; Counseling* ; Diet ; Education ; Fasting ; Female ; Foot ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Iran ; Menopause ; Methods ; Self Care*

Reducing women's bone mineral density (BMD) has close relationship to risk in osteoporosis. This study was carried out to identify bone density risk factors affecting women's BMD, and to analyze the relationship of age, between BMD and menopause, BMI, blood pressure lifestyle and dietary habits for bone health by physical measurement and questionnaires. The study subjects, 128 women living in Seoul, were divided into 4 age group; 30~39 years (17), 40~49 years (54) and 50~59 years (36) and 60~69 years (21). There were significant differences in mean height, BMI, systolic blood pressure, menache and menopause age and menopause ratio and BMD T-score among the 4 age groups. BHD was significantly decreased according to increasing age and BMI and menopause. The rate of BMD risk subjects was significantly different increasing with age and BMI. The rate of risk group were 0%, 13%, 22.2% and 71.4%, by age groups and 0%, 16.2%, 33.3% and 52.9% by BMI respectively. BMD of menopause groups was significantly decreased from 1.23 (40 years) to 1.34 (60 years). p < 0.001. Also systolic blood pressure were significantly increased from 116.5 mmHg (30 years) to 130.81 mmHg (60 years). The T-score of normal group also decreased significantly from 1.27 to 0.13 (60years) with age. There were significant negative correlation between BMD and age (r = -0.409) menopause (r = -0.346), BMI (r = -0.218) systolic blood pressure (r = -0.193), salty taste eating out (r = -0.185) (p < 0.05). There were significant positive correlation between BMD and meat fish and walking time. In conclusion, bone density decreased with age. Most of the 50 years' subjects were in risk group. BMI, menopause, systolic blood pressure, frequency alcohol consuming. To prevent osteoporosis, over 40 years needed to be educated to maintain normal weight and the improvement of eating and living habits.
Blood Pressure ; Bone Density ; Eating ; Female ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Life Style ; Meat ; Menopause ; Osteoporosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Taste ; Walking

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of the widely used combination hormone therapy, drospirenone and 17beta-estradiol on the blood pressure, body weight, lipid profiles, and major side effects in postmenopausal Korean women. METHODS: Four hundred seventeen menopausal patients who were being treated with drospirenone/17beta-estradiol at the Asan Medical Center between December 2007 and October 2010 underwent a retrospective chart review. One hundred twenty-five patients were divided into 2 groups based on blood pressure, as follows: group 1 (normal blood pressure, n = 76); and group 2 (stage 1 hypertension and pre-hypertension, n = 49). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the body weight were checked before the treatment, and 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months after taking the medication. RESULTS: The median days of administration were 279. The combination of drospirenone and 17beta-estradiol had a blood pressure-lowering effect in groups 1 and 2. However, the body weight did not show a statistically significant change. Only the level of triglycerides decreased with time and the change was statistically significant. The low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and triglycerides levels had a statistically significant decrease 18 months after the medication. The most common reasons for discontinuouing medication were vaginal spotting (28%), fear of side effects (27%), and ineffectiveness (26%). CONCLUSION: The combination of drospirenone/17beta-estradiol caused a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the body weight showed no statistically significant decrease. Furthermore, triglycerides showed statistically significant decrease and there were no severe side effects of the medication reported.
Androstenes ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Lipoproteins ; Menopause ; Metrorrhagia ; Prehypertension ; Retrospective Studies ; Triglycerides

Bone mineral density (BMD) focus one's attention on prevention effects of osteoporosis. This study was conducted to investigate BMD (lumbar spin:L2 - L4, femur neck:FN, femur trochanter:TR, femur ward's triangle:WT, wrist) and look into the factors that affect BMD by menopause in 89 nonsmoking healthy Korean women (40 - 60 yr). Anthropometric index and body composition, nutrient intakes, osteocalcin and total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and calcium in serum were determined. Body fat mass, diastolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol concentration of postmenopausal women were significantly higher than those of premenopausal women. FN, TR, WT, wrist BMD of postmenopausal women were not different from those of premenopausal women. However L2 - L4 BMD of postmenopausal women was lower than that of premenopausal women. Significant positive correlations were found between L2 - L4, FN, TR, WT and weight (r = 0.44, r = 0.64, r = 0.58, r = 0.57) and significant positive correlations were found between FN, TR, WT and BMI (r = 0.54, r = 0.45, r = 0.54) of premenopausal women. Whereas significant positive correlation was only found between TR BMD and weight, BMI (r = 0.38, r = 0.29) of postmenopausal women. FN BMD and WC (waist circumstance) of premenopausal women were found significant positive correlation (r = 0.35) whereas L2 - L4 BMD and WC of postmenopausal women was found significant negative correlation (r = -0.31). In premenopausal women, differences of bone BMD were not shown by exercise and alcohol drinking, but in postmenopausal women, significant difference of FN BMD was shown by exercise and alcohol drinking. These results suggested that by menopause, effects of weight, BMI, WC, exercise and alcohol drinking on bone BMD were different. Therefore, by menopause, we should consider the different ways to increase the bone BMD according to different factors.
Adipose Tissue ; Alcohol Drinking ; Blood Pressure ; Body Composition ; Bone Density* ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Menopause* ; Osteocalcin ; Osteoporosis ; Triglycerides ; Wrist