No abstract available.
Meningitis, Cryptococcal*

No abstract available.
Meningitis, Cryptococcal* ; Paresis*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Meningitis, Cryptococcal*

Cryptococcal meningitis is a severe infection in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts. This report is an unusual case of co-infection with cryptococcal meningitis and Japanese encephalitis in a seronegative human immunodeficiency virus patient. A 51-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient presented with high-grade fever, nausea, vomiting, and later on, behavioral changes. A lumbar puncture was performed and cerebrospinal fluid revealed the presence of Cryptococcus and Japanese encephalitis virus. Treatment commenced with intravenous amphotericin B and flucytosine. Her condition initially improved but later on deteriorated due to bacteremia (MRSA-mecA gene positive) and septic shock which resulted in the patient’s demise. The occurrence of this co-infection in the absence of HIV infection is rare and there was no documented case up to this date.
Meningitis, Cryptococcal ; Encephalitis, Japanese

Introduction: Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is a fungus which infects the lungs, meninges, skin and the nervous system. In tropical countries prevalent with tuberculosis (TB), initial clinical presentations of a C. neoformans infection can normally be mistaken as a TB infection. The C. neoformans infection shall then form part of the differential diagnosis. Exposure to C. neoformans does not usually manifest as an infection however, in immunocompromised patients this results to cryptococcosis. Case: This is a case of a 33-year-old male who was admitted due to febrile seizures. He was suspected to be in an immunocompromised state due to multiple sexual partners. A non-tender, mobile left cervical lymphadenopathy was subjected to FNAB (fine needle aspiration biopsy) surprisingly came out to be cryptococcal in nature. He was managed as a case of disseminated cryptococossis with meningeal extension. He was given amphotericin B and fluconazole. Conclusion The most common suspected cause of lymphadenitis in the Philippines is attributed to TB. The high index of suspicion based on sound medical history and physical examination can lead the clinician into considering an uncommon cause of lymphadenopathy most especially in patients with high likelihood of immunocompromised state.
Cryptococcosis ; Meningitis, Cryptococcal ; HIV

Cryptococcal meningitis(CM)is often seen in immunocompromised patients and has become a global health concern. Elevated intracranial pressure(ICP)is a common complication of CM and often leads to poor prognosis. Monitoring and management of ICP is an important task in CM patients. Invasive intervention is often needed for the elevated ICP in CM patients due to the pathophysiological features of this condition. This article review the recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of elevated ICP in CM patients.
Humans ; Intracranial Hypertension ; Intracranial Pressure ; Meningitis, Cryptococcal

Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a relatively well-recognized complication of bacterial meningitis, but is a rare initial manifestation in acute cryptococcal meningitis. We report a case of cryptococcal meningitis initially presenting with bilateral SNHL. Cryptococcal meningitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of abrupt-onset bilateral SNHL.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural* ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Meningitis, Cryptococcal*

Cryptococcal meningitis is rare but, often fatal complication of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). It is difficult to differentiate cryptococcal meningitis from neuropsychiatric lupus due to similarity of clinical symptoms and laboratory findings of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF). Earlier diagnosis and effective antifungal therapy improve the prognosis of cryptococcal meningitis in SLE patients. We report a case of cryptococcal meningitis in a patients with SLE who had been medicated with low dose steroid.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Meningitis, Cryptococcal* ; Prognosis

To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis for connective tissue disease (CTD) with cryptococcal meningitis (CM). 
 Methods: Clinical data of 18 patients with CTD complicated with cryptococcal meningitis diagnosed by Rheumatology and Immunology Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2000 to January 2017, were retrospectively analyzed.
 Results: The common symptoms of CTD patients with CM were headache, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Patients with severe clinical manifestations, such as convulsions and disturbance of consciousness, all died. Logistic regression analysis showed that disturbance of consciousness and decreased peripheral blood lymphocyte count might be the related factors of poor prognosis of CTD patients with CM (P<0.05). The mortality rate of CTD with CM was 61.11%, and the effective rate of treatment for this disease was 38.89%.
 Conclusion: CTD patients with cryptococcal meningitis have a high risk of death. Severe clinical symptoms, such as disturbance of consciousness and lower peripheral blood lymphocyte count, are associated with its poor prognosis.
Connective Tissue Diseases ; Fever ; Humans ; Meningitis, Cryptococcal ; Retrospective Studies ; Vomiting

Ommaya reservoir implantation has been used for sterile assessment into ventricular CSF or direct chemotherapy of chronic meningitis and meningeal involvement of malignancy since 1963. We experienced two cases with chronic meningitis, one was tuberculous meningitis with obstructive hydrocephalus which was not improved by repetitive shunt and the other was cryptococcal meningitis which was not improved by traditional chemotherapy of intravenous amphotericin B and oral flucytosine. Ommaya reservoir was implanted for daily CSF drainage of intractable hydrocephalus in the first patient and for direct injection of amphotericin B into ventricle in the second patient. Both of two cases were successfully managed by the reservoir. Therefore, Ommaya reservoir could be useful in patients with chronic meningitis which are not improved by traditional management.
Amphotericin B ; Drainage ; Drug Therapy ; Flucytosine ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Cryptococcal ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal